1312 - Article Index

Encyclopedia - 1312: Encyclopedia - 1312
1312 - Events. June 15 : Battle near Rozgoni Battle near Thebes Siege of Rostock begins Lancelotto Malocello, a Genoese navigator...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dome: Encyclopedia - Dome
A dome is a common structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere. Domes do not have to be perfectly...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles I Of Hungary: Encyclopedia - Charles I Of Hungary
Charles I of Hungary (Anjou France 1288 or 1291 - Visegrád, Hungary July 16, 1342), also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1263: Encyclopedia - 1263
For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. 1263 - Events. 1263 - War and politics. October - King Alexander III of S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - August 27: Encyclopedia - August 27
August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. August 27 - Events. 47...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - December 6: Encyclopedia - December 6
December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 25 days remaining. December 6 - Event...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1275: Encyclopedia - 1275
For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. 1275 - Events. 1275 - Europe. April 22 - The first of the Statutes of We...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1250: Encyclopedia - 1250
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. 1250 - Events. 1250 - Europe. October 12 - A great storm shifts the mouth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ecumenical Council: Encyclopedia - Ecumenical Council
History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Fath...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Convent Of The Order Of Christ: Encyclopedia - Convent Of The Order Of Christ
The Convent of the Order of Christ, or Convento de Cristo, in Tomar, Portugal, was a Templar stronghold built by Dom Gualdim Pais, provin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1341: Encyclopedia - 1341
1341 - Events. The Queen's College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is founded. Petrarch is crowned poet laureate i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1333: Encyclopedia - 1333
1333 - Events. End of the Kamakura period and beginning of the Kemmu restoration in Japan. End of the reign of Emperor Kogon of Japan,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1285: Encyclopedia - 1285
For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. 1285 - Events. January 6 - Archbishop Jakub Świnka orders all priests sub...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1262: Encyclopedia - 1262
For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. 1262 - Events. King Mindaugas of Lithuania renounces Christianity, returnin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1377: Encyclopedia - 1377
1377 - Arts and Literature. May 10 – A deputy is appointed to take charge of Chaucer’s duties at customs, Chaucer being busy with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abu Al-fida: Encyclopedia - Abu Al-fida
Abu al-Fida (fully Abu Al-fida' Isma'il Ibn 'ali Al-malik Al-mu'ayyad 'imad Ad-din, also transliterated Abulfeda, Abu Alfida, and other w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dante Alighieri: Encyclopedia - Dante Alighieri
Durante degli Alighieri, better known as Dante, (c. June 1, 1265 – September 13/14, 1321) was an Italian Florentine poet. His greatest ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canary Islands: Encyclopedia - Canary Islands
The Canary Islands are an archipelago of seven islands of volcanic origin in the Atlantic Ocean. They are located off the northwestern co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Windsor Castle: Encyclopedia - Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle is, along with Buckingham Palace in London and Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, one of the principal official residences of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Split: Encyclopedia Ii - Split - History
Although the beginnings of Split are usually linked to the building of Diocletian's Palace, there is evidence that this area was inhabite...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Robert I Of Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - Robert I Of Scotland - The Beginning Of The Wars Of Independence
In August 1296 Bruce and his father swore fealty to Edward I of England at Berwick-upon-Tweed, but in breach of this oath, which had been...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Windsor Castle: Encyclopedia Ii - Windsor Castle - Location And Architecture
The castle is located in the Berkshire town of Windsor, in the Thames Valley to the west of London. Eton College is located about a mile ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rulers Named Henry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rulers Named Henry - Germany And Holy Roman Empire
This refers to a much disputed line of kings that have in one way or another dominated Germany since the time of Charlemagne. Henry I (9...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Knights Hospitaller: Encyclopedia Ii - Knights Hospitaller - History
Knights Hospitaller - Foundation and early history. In 600, Abbot Probus was commissioned by Pope Gregory the Great to build a hospital...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese Era Name: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese Era Name - Conversion Table From Nengō To Gregorian Calendar Years
The Japanese calendars prior to 1873 were derived from the Chinese. Japan adopted the Chinese calendar in 645. To convert a Japanese year...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Estonian Rulers: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Estonian Rulers - Vaddjamå
(partly on the territory of Estonia) Title: Elder (Vanem) (- 12th century) ... See also:List of Estonian rulers, List of Estonian ruler...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bielsko-biała: Encyclopedia Ii - Bielsko-biała - Politics
Bielsko-Biała - Bielsko-Biała constituency. Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Bielsko-Biała constituency Falfus Jacek, PiS ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Of Christ Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Of Christ Portugal - The Precursors Of The Order – The Foundation Of Tomar
The Templars were founded around 1118 and soon formed commanderies around Europe to support their efforts in the Holy Land, settling in P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Croatia In The Union With Hungary: Encyclopedia Ii - Croatia In The Union With Hungary - Feudalism
The Hungarian king also introduced a variant of the feudal system. Large fiefs were granted to individuals who would defend them against ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Justice In Eyre: Encyclopedia Ii - Justice In Eyre - Early Justices
The arrangement of justices north and south of Trent did not become fixed until 1236. John Marshall (apptd. November 8, 1217), justice o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Leonese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Leonese Monarchs - Kings Of León
List of Leonese monarchs - Pérez Dynasty. Ordoño I (850–866) Alfonso III the Great (866–910) García I (910–914) Ordoño II (9...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In Mali: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In Mali - History Of Tolerance
Islam as practiced in the country is tolerant and adapted to local conditions. Women participate in economic and political activity, enga...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isabella Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Isabella Of France - Isabella In Fiction
Queen Isabella appears as a major character in Christopher Marlowe's play Edward II, and in Derek Jarman's 1991 film based on the play an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Goa - Portuguese India
In 1498, Vasco da Gama became the first European to set foot in India via a sea route. His successful mission led to other European power...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - La Palma: Encyclopedia Ii - La Palma - Description
La Palma is one of the Canary Islands, with an area of 706 km². Total population is about 85,000, of which 18,000 (2003 data) live ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Principality Of Galilee: Encyclopedia Ii - Principality Of Galilee - Princes Of Galilee
(Italicized names are of titular princes.) Tancred, Prince of Galilee (1099–1101) Hugh of St. Omer (1105–?) Gervaise de Bazoches Jos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Theodore Metochites: Encyclopedia Ii - Theodore Metochites - Life
Metochites was born in Constantinople as the son of the archdeacon George Metochites, a fervent supporter of the union of the Orthodox an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Subiaco Italy: Encyclopedia Ii - Subiaco Italy - History
In ancient times settlers of the area were the Equi, an Italic people. In 304 BC they were won by the Romans, who subsequently introduced...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russian Tradition Of The Knights Hospitaller: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian Tradition Of The Knights Hospitaller - 19th Century - Bolshevik Revolution Of 1917
In 1802, the mission of the Corps des Pages is broadened to a military academy, based on the ideals of the Order of St John. Graduating o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rulers Of Damascus: Encyclopedia Ii - Rulers Of Damascus - Ummayad Dynasty
Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs. Khalid ibn al-Walid (635-636) Abu Ubaid (636-637) Amr ibn al-Aas (637-640) Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan (6...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Henry Vii Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Henry Vii Holy Roman Emperor - Life
He was a son of Count Henry V of Luxemburg and Beatrice of Avesnes. His son, John of Luxembourg, was elected as king of Bohemia in 1310. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ferdinand: Encyclopedia Ii - Ferdinand - Royalty And Nobility
Ferdinand - Iberian peninsula. Ferdinand I of Aragon - the Just; 1379-1416; became king 1412. Ferdinand II of Aragon - a.k.a. Ferdinan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Castilian Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Castilian Monarchs - Counts Of Castile
List of Castilian monarchs - Elective Counts. These counts were not hereditary, they were the representatives of the Asturian king in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - House Of Capet: Encyclopedia Ii - House Of Capet - Capets Through History
Over the course of the preceding centuries, Capetians would spread throughout Europe, ruling every form of provincial unit from kingdoms ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canary Islands: Encyclopedia Ii - Canary Islands - History
The Canary Islands have been known since antiquity. The peak of Teide on Tenerife can be seen on clear days from the African coast. It is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borsod-abaúj-zemplén: Encyclopedia Ii - Borsod-abaúj-zemplén - History
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county was created after World War II from the pre-1938 counties Borsod-Gömör-Kishont, Abaúj-Torna and Zemplén...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Criticisms Of The Da Vinci Code: Encyclopedia Ii - Criticisms Of The Da Vinci Code - Disputed Claims
The popularity of the book, and its numerous claims contrary to mainstream beliefs, have created controversy in Christian communities, r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jacques De Molay: Encyclopedia Ii - Jacques De Molay - Grand Master
After the fall of Acre, the Franks who were able retreated to Cyprus, this including Jacques de Molay and Thibaud Gaudin, the 22nd Grand ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early History Of Laos: Encyclopedia Ii - Early History Of Laos - Mongol Influence
Recent historical research has shown that the Mongols, who destroyed Nanzhao in 1253 and made the area a province of their empire -- nami...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Duke Of Norfolk: Encyclopedia Ii - Duke Of Norfolk - History
Before the Dukes of Norfolk, there were the Bigod Earls of Norfolk, starting with Roger Bigod from Normandy (died 1107). Their male line ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Duchy Of Lorraine: Encyclopedia Ii - Duchy Of Lorraine - Dukes Of Lorraine Upper Lotharingia
Duchy of Lorraine - House of Ardennes-Bar. Frederick I (959-978) Thierry I (978-1026/1027) Frederick II (1026/1027) Frederick III (102...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dome: Encyclopedia Ii - Dome - Characteristics
A dome can be considered as an arch which has been rotated around its vertical axis. As such, domes have a great deal of structural stren...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bishop Of Beauvais-noyons-senlis: Encyclopedia Ii - Bishop Of Beauvais-noyons-senlis - History
The diocese of Beauvais was traditionally founded by St. Lucianus in the 3rd century. After 1013 the Bishops were simultaneously Counts o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Mongol Khans: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Mongol Khans - Yuan Dynasty
The Mongols under Kublai who fully conquered China had theoretical suzerainty over the entire Mongol Empire, but this became nominal even...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Edward Iii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - Edward Iii Of England - Issue
Edward III of England - The sons and the Wars of the Roses. The Wars of the Roses were a civil war over the throne of England fought am...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dante Alighieri: Encyclopedia Ii - Dante Alighieri - Life
Dante Alighieri - Early history and family. Dante was born in 1265 and he tells us he was born under the sign of Gemini, placing his bi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abu Al-fida: Encyclopedia Ii - Abu Al-fida - Life
Abulfeda was born at Damascus, where his father Malik ul-Afdal, brother of the prince of Hamah, had fled from the Mongols. He was a desce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canary Islands: Encyclopedia Ii - Canary Islands - History
The Canary Islands have been known since antiquity. The peak of Teide on Tenerife can be seen on clear days from the African coast. It is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dundee: Encyclopedia Ii - Dundee - History
William the Lion granted the town the status of burgh by royal charter in 1191. His brother, David, 8th Earl of Huntingdon is said to hav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles I Of Hungary: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles I Of Hungary - Reign
Charles restored order by absolute rule. The Diet was still summoned occasionally at very irregular intervals, but the real business of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dome: Encyclopedia Ii - Dome - Characteristics
A dome can be considered as an arch which has been rotated around its vertical axis. As such, domes have a great deal of structural stren...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - December 6: Encyclopedia Ii - December 6 - Deaths
December 6 - Undated deaths. Saint Nicholas of Myra ... See also:December 6, December 6 - Events, December 6 - Births, December 6 -...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Edward Ii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - Edward Ii Of England - Fictional Accounts Of Edward Ii
The most famous fictional account of Edward II's reign, of course, is that of Christopher Marlowe in his play Edward II. In recent years,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1250: Encyclopedia Ii - 1250 - Events
1250 - Europe. October 12 - A great storm shifts the mouth of the River Rother 12 miles (20 km) to the west; a battering series of str...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1263: Encyclopedia Ii - 1263 - Events
1263 - War and politics. October - King Alexander III of Scotland defeats the Viking armada of King Haakon IV of Norway in the Battle ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Despotate Of Epirus: Encyclopedia Ii - Despotate Of Epirus - Foundation
The Despotate was founded in by Michael I Ducas, cousin of the Byzantine emperors Isaac II Angelus and Alexius III. At first Michael alli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibn Al-qayyim: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibn Al-qayyim - Statements Of Scholars About Him
Testaments about his comprehensive knowledge and firm adherence to the way of the Salaf (Pious Predecessors) have been given by a number ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - History
Goa has a long history stretching back to the 3rd century BC, when it formed part of the Mauryan Empire. Goa was later ruled by the Satav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ecumenical Council: Encyclopedia Ii - Ecumenical Council - List Of Ecumenical Councils
Ecumenical council - Councils #1 to #7. 1. First Council of Nicaea, (325); repudiated Arianism, adopted the Nicene Creed. This and all...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1275: Encyclopedia Ii - 1275 - Events
1275 - Europe. April 22 - The first of the Statutes of Westminster are passed by the English parliament, establishing a series of law...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Despotate Of Epirus: Encyclopedia Ii - Despotate Of Epirus - Despots Of Epirus
Despotate of Epirus - Ducas dynasty. Michael Angelus Comnenus Ducas (1204-1214) (Michael I Ducas) Theodore Ducas (1214-1230), emperor ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Despotate Of Epirus: Encyclopedia Ii - Despotate Of Epirus - Collapse Of The Despotate
Anna succeeded in marrying Thomas to a daughter of Andronicus II, but Thomas was assassinated in 1318 by Nicholas Orsini, who married his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - House Of Capet: Encyclopedia Ii - House Of Capet - The Early Dynasty
The distant origins of this family are speculative yet seem to originate in the Rhine Valley, east of modern-day France. Cheribert, a nob...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Castilian Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Castilian Monarchs - Kings Of Castile
List of Castilian monarchs - Jiménez Dynasty. Ferdinand I the Great (1035-1065) Sancho II the Strong (1065-1072), also king of León ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Despotate Of Epirus: Encyclopedia Ii - Despotate Of Epirus - Italian Invasions
After Michael VIII restored the empire in Constantinople in 1261 he frequently harassed Epirus, and forced Michael's son Nicephorus to ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dundee: Encyclopedia Ii - Dundee - Modern Dundee
Dundee - Employment. Dundee has never regained its status as a major manufacturing centre. In the 1960s and 70s the arrival in the city...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dundee: Encyclopedia Ii - Dundee - Education
Dundee - High School of Dundee. The High School of Dundee is one of Scotland's leading independent schools. It has its origins in the G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borsod-abaúj-zemplén: Encyclopedia Ii - Borsod-abaúj-zemplén - Tourist Sights
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Castles. Castle of Boldogkő Castle Cserépvár Castle of Dédes Castle of Diósgyőr Castle of Füzér Castl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Edward Iii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - Edward Iii Of England - Early Life
Edward, the son of Edward II of England and Isabella of France, daughter of King Philip the Fair, was born in 1312 at Windsor Castle. In ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Robert I Of Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - Robert I Of Scotland - Family
Robert Bruce had a large family in addition to his wife Elizabeth and his children. There were his brothers, Edward, Alexander, Thomas an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Robert I Of Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - Robert I Of Scotland - Bruce And Ireland
Buoyed by his military successes, Bruce's forces also invaded Ireland in 1315, supposedly to free the country from English rule, but more...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borsod-abaúj-zemplén: Encyclopedia Ii - Borsod-abaúj-zemplén - Geography
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is one of the most geographically diverse areas of Hungary. It lies where the Northern Mountains meet the Great Hu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borsod-abaúj-zemplén: Encyclopedia Ii - Borsod-abaúj-zemplén - Economy
Due to the emphasis on industrialization during the former Socialist regime and the county's richness in brown coal, Borsod-Abaúj-Zempl�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canary Islands: Encyclopedia Ii - Canary Islands - Political Geography
The Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands consists of two provinces, Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife, whose capitals (Las Palm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canary Islands: Encyclopedia Ii - Canary Islands - Physical Geography
The islands and their capitals are: Gran Canaria (capital Las Palmas de Gran Canaria); Tenerife (capital Santa Cruz de Tenerife); Lanzar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Croatia In The Union With Hungary: Encyclopedia Ii - Croatia In The Union With Hungary - The Ottoman Wars
As the Turkish incursion into Europe started, Croatia was once again a border area between two major forces in this part of the world. Wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dundee: Encyclopedia Ii - Dundee - City Of Discovery
Dundee - Electric street-lighting. Dundee was the first city in the world to have electric street lights, employing bulbs designed by ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canary Islands: Encyclopedia Ii - Canary Islands - Economy
The economy is based primarily on tourism, which makes up 32% of the GDP. The Canaries receive about 10 million tourists per year. Constr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Duke Of Norfolk: Encyclopedia Ii - Duke Of Norfolk - The Dukes Of Norfolk
The Duchy of Norfolk has gone through three creations: in 1397, when it was the possession of the Mowbray family; in 1477 when it was a d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - La Palma: Encyclopedia Ii - La Palma - Volcano
The island was formed as a seamount by the volcanic activities like all of the Canary Islands. La Palma is the most active volcano of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - La Palma: Encyclopedia Ii - La Palma - History
The Canary Islands had been settled by the native Canarians called Guanches whose origin is still controversial. They had a neolithic cul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - La Palma: Encyclopedia Ii - La Palma - Government
The island is part of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The island capital is Santa Cruz de la Palma. The other major city on the i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In Mali: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In Mali - Status Of Religious Freedom
The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice. The Government at all le...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Robert I Of Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - Robert I Of Scotland - Background And Early Life
Robert Bruce was born the first child and eldest son of Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale, (buried in March 1304 at Holmecultram, Cum...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Robert I Of Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - Robert I Of Scotland - Family
Robert Bruce had a large family in addition to his wife Elizabeth and his children. There were his brothers, Edward, Alexander, Thomas an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1250: Encyclopedia Ii - 1250 - Eras And Population Estimates
The world population in 1250 is estimated at between 400 and 416 million individuals. Being a round number, the year 1250 is used to dema...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russian Tradition Of The Knights Hospitaller: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian Tradition Of The Knights Hospitaller - 20th - 21st Centuries
This Russian Hospitaller tradition of St John continued within the Russian Empire, and then into Exile following the Revolution in 1917. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russian Tradition Of The Knights Hospitaller: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian Tradition Of The Knights Hospitaller - 18th Century
The special relationship between the Knights of Malta and the crown of Russia continued into the 18th century. From 1766 to 1769, Catheri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russian Tradition Of The Knights Hospitaller: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian Tradition Of The Knights Hospitaller - 17th Century
In 1697, the Corps des Pages was established in St. Petersburg as a school for the royal court and to promote chivalric standards among t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In Mali: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In Mali - History
During the 9th century, Muslim Berber and Tuareg merchants brought Islam southward into West Africa. Islam also spread in the region by t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Duke Of Norfolk: Encyclopedia Ii - Duke Of Norfolk - Residences
There are three residences commonly associated with the Dukes of Norfolk: Framlingham Castle, Bungay Castle, and most notably Arundel Cas...   » Read the article