1300

1300 - Events. Beginning of the Renaissance. Abacus first used in China. Money from Florence, Italy becomes the first International Currency. Philip IV of France begins attempt to annex Flanders. Wenceslas II of Bohemia becomes King of Poland. A census in Imperial China finds that is has roughly 60 million inhabitants. (Having lost 20 millions after nearly a century of Mongolian conquest.) Jubilee of Pope Boniface VIII. The Tuareg establish a st ...

Including:

• 1300 - Events
• 1300 - Births
• 1300 - Deaths

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The beginnings of the County came in 1102, when Count Raymond IV of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, began a lengthy war with the Banu Ammar Emirs of Tripoli (theoretically vassals of the Fatimid caliphs in Cairo), gradually seizing much of their territory and besieging them within Tripoli itself. Raymond died in 1105, leaving his infant son Alfonso-Jordan as his heir, with a cousin, William-Jordan of Cerdagne, as regent. William-Jordan continued the siege of Tripoli for the next four years, when a bastard son of Raymond, B ...

See also:

County of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - History, County of Tripoli - Vassals of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - Lordship of Gibelet, County of Tripoli - Lordship of Botron, County of Tripoli - Counts of Tripoli 1102-1289, County of Tripoli - Titular Counts of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - Great Officers of Tripoli

Read more here: » County of Tripoli: Encyclopedia II - County of Tripoli - History

Celestines, a branch of the great Benedictine monastic order, founded in 1244. At the foundation of the new rule, they were called Hermits of St Damiano, or Moronites (or Murronites), and did not assume the appellation of Celestines till after the election of their founder to the Papacy as Celestine V. The fame of the holy life and the austerities practised by that saintly hermit (as noticed above) in his solitude on the Mountain of Majella, near Sulmona, attracted many visitors, several of whom were moved to remain and share his mode ...

Including:

• Celestines - Sources

Read more here: » Celestines: Encyclopedia - Celestines

Image:WE-Scottish Claymore.jpg The term claymore has been used to describe two distinct types of swords used by Scottish warriors and soldiers. The name claymore is thought to be an anglicisation of claidheamh mòr a Gaelic term meaning "big sword", though another theory claims it comes from "claidheamh da lamh", literally two-hand sword. Claidheamh is ultimately cognate with Latin gladius The first was a large, two-handed sword used in the medieval period. It was used in the constant clan warfare and borde ...

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Charles I of Hungary (Anjou France 1288 or 1291 - Visegrád, Hungary July 16, 1342), also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I Robert, was the king of Hungary from August 27, 1310. He was the grandson of King Charles II of Naples, son of Charles Martel d'Anjou and Clemencia, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph I. Charles I of Hungary - Life. Known as Charles Robert prior to his enthronment as King of Hungary in 1309, Charles claimed the Hungarian crown as the grea ...

Including:

• Charles I of Hungary - Life
• Charles I of Hungary - Reign
• Charles I of Hungary - Deterioration of the southern frontier
• Charles I of Hungary - Other names
• Charles I of Hungary - External link

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List of cities and towns in Finland - Towns founded. Alajärvi (1986) Alavus (Alavo in Swedish) (1977) Anjalankoski (1977) Espoo (Esbo in Swedish) (1972) Forssa (1964) Haapajärvi (Aspsjö In Swedish) (1977) Haapavesi Hamina (Fredrikshamn in Swedish) (1653) Hanko (Hangö in Swedish) (1874) Harjavalta (1977) Heinola (1839) Helsinki (Helsingfors in Swedish) (1550) Huittinen (Vittis in Swedish) (1977)Including:

• List of cities and towns in Finland - Towns founded
• List of cities and towns in Finland - External link

Read more here: » List of cities and towns in Finland: Encyclopedia - List of cities and towns in Finland

Genghis Khan ▶ (help·info) (c. 11621–August 18, 1227) (Cyrillic: Чингис Хаан), (also spelled as Chinggis Khan, Jenghis Khan, etc.), (pronounced ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ), born as Tem ...

Including:

• Genghis Khan - Birth and early life
• Genghis Khan - His family
• Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations
• Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan
• Genghis Khan - Military campaigns
• Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia
• Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate
• Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire
• Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kieven Rus
• Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty
• Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire
• Genghis Khan - Politics and economics
• Genghis Khan - Military
• Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests
• Genghis Khan - Civilians
• Genghis Khan - Property and cultural treasures
• Genghis Khan - Division of Mongol Empire into Khanates
• Genghis Khan - Death and burial
• Genghis Khan - His personality
• Genghis Khan - Legacy
• Genghis Khan - In most of the world
• Genghis Khan - In Mongolia
• Genghis Khan - Name and title
• Genghis Khan - Short timeline
• Genghis Khan - Notes

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Charles of Anjou (1227–1285), also Charles I of Sicily. He was King of Sicily 1262–1282 (and under that title, King of Naples 1282–1285), King of Albania 1272–1285, King of Jerusalem 1277–1285, Prince of Achaea 1278–1285, Count of Provence and Forcalquier 1246–1285, and Count of Anjou and Maine 1247–1285. He was the posthumous son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile, and hence brother to Louis IX of France and Alphonse of Toulouse. He conquered the Kingdom of Sicily from the Hohenstaufen in 1266 and began to ...

Including:

• Charles I of Sicily - Biography
• Charles I of Sicily - Early Life
• Charles I of Sicily - Marriage and Children
• Charles I of Sicily - Accession in Provence
• Charles I of Sicily - Seventh Crusade and Return
• Charles I of Sicily - Wider Ambitions
• Charles I of Sicily - Conquest of Sicily
• Charles I of Sicily - Ambitions in the Latin Empire
• Charles I of Sicily - Eighth Crusade
• Charles I of Sicily - Conquest of Albania and Genoese War
• Charles I of Sicily - Breakdown of the Union
• Charles I of Sicily - Sicilian Vespers
• Charles I of Sicily - War with Aragon
• Charles I of Sicily - Death and legacy

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The Codex Runicus is one of the few runic texts found on parchment. The codex is written around year 1300 and consists of a number of Danish laws, including the oldest preserved Nordic law, Skånske lov (The Scania Law) for the geographic region nowadays known as Scania. One well known passage of the Skånske lov is: Haui that Skanunga ærliki mææn, toco vithar oræth aldrigh ææn Which translates into (roughly): ...

Including:

• Codex Runicus - External link

Read more here: » Codex Runicus: Encyclopedia - Codex Runicus

A constitution is a system, often codified in a written document, which establishes the rules and principles by which an organization is governed. In the case of nation states, this term refers specifically to a national constitution, which defines its nation's fundamental political principles and establishes the power and duties of each government. Most national constitutions also guarantee certain rights to the people. Historically, before the evolution of modern codified national constitutions, the term constitution could be ...

Including:

• Constitution - Etymology
• Constitution - General features
• Constitution - Governmental constitutions
• Constitution - Key features
• Constitution - Constitutional courts
• Constitution - History and development

Read more here: » Constitution: Encyclopedia - Constitution

On November 18, 1302, Pope Boniface VIII issued the Papal bull Unam sanctam ("The One Holy"), which historians consider one of the most extreme statements of Papal spiritual supremacy ever made. It arose due to the Pope's conflict with Philip IV of France over attempts of each to prevent the other from receiving money from taxes. Unam sanctam - Content. Most significantly, the bull proclaimed, "outside of her (the Church) there is neither salvation nor the remission of sins". (See Extra Ecclesiam Nul ...

Including:

• Unam sanctam - Content
• Unam sanctam - Political context
• Unam sanctam - The response to Unam sanctam

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The Divine Comedy (in Italian "Comedia" or "Commedia", later christened "Divina" by Giovanni Boccaccio), written by Dante Alighieri between 1308 and his death in 1321, is widely considered the central epic poem of Italian literature, and one of the greatest of world literature. Its influence is so great that it affects the Western Christian view of the afterlife to this day. The Divine Comedy - Structure and story. The Divine Comedy is composed of thre ...

Including:

• The Divine Comedy - Structure and story
• The Divine Comedy - Inferno
• The Divine Comedy - Purgatorio
• The Divine Comedy - Paradiso
• The Divine Comedy - Thematic Concern
• The Divine Comedy - Response and criticism
• The Divine Comedy - Original copies
• The Divine Comedy - Derivative works
• The Divine Comedy - Visual arts
• The Divine Comedy - Literature
• The Divine Comedy - Music
• The Divine Comedy - Sculpture
• The Divine Comedy - Notes

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Danylo of Galicia (Ukrainian: Данило Галицький, Danylo Halyts’kyi), (1201-1264) was the 1st King of Galicia, Knyaz of Halych (1205–1206, 1211–1212, 1229–1231, 1233–1235, 1238–1255), Peremyshl (1211), and Volodymyr-Volynsky (1212–1231). He was crowned by a papal archbishop in Dorohychyn 1253/1255 as the 1st King of Galicia (1253–1264). Danylo of Halych - Biography. In 1205, after the death of his father, Roman Mstyslavyc ...

Including:

• Danylo of Halych - Biography
• Danylo of Halych - Family
• Danylo of Halych - Mother
• Danylo of Halych - Father
• Danylo of Halych - Wives
• Danylo of Halych - Brother
• Danylo of Halych - Sisters
• Danylo of Halych - Sons
• Danylo of Halych - Daughters

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Uppland (listen ▶ (help·info)) is a historical province or landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Södermanland, Västmanland and Gästrikland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic sea. The name literally means Upland, a name which is commonly encountered in English literature (especially older). Its Latinzed form, which may also occasiona ...

Including:

• Uppland - Counties
• Uppland - Population
• Uppland - History
• Uppland - Heraldry
• Uppland - Dukes
• Uppland - Geography
• Uppland - Cities
• Uppland - Districts
• Uppland - Facts
• Uppland - Culture

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The County of Tripoli was the last of the four major Crusader states in the Levant to be created. Some prominent cities that were part of the County include Safita, Tartous, and Tripoli. County of Tripoli - History. The beginnings of the County came in 1102, when Count Raymond IV of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, began a lengthy war with the Banu Ammar Emirs of Tripoli (theoretically vassals of the Fatimid caliphs in Cairo), gradually seizing much of their territory and besieging them wi ...

Including:

• County of Tripoli - History
• County of Tripoli - Vassals of Tripoli
• County of Tripoli - Lordship of Gibelet
• County of Tripoli - Lordship of Botron
• County of Tripoli - Counts of Tripoli 1102-1289
• County of Tripoli - Titular Counts of Tripoli
• County of Tripoli - Great Officers of Tripoli

Read more here: » County of Tripoli: Encyclopedia - County of Tripoli

The Coptic Orthodox Church is a member of the Oriental Orthodox churches, not to be mistaken with the Eastern Orthodox group of churches. The Coptic Orthodox Chruch has its own Pope and Patriarch, whom is currently His Holiness Pope Shenouda III, Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and the See of St. Mark. The following is a list of all the Popes who have held led the Coptic Orthodox Church since the Council of Chalcedon. For the earlier Patriarchs of Alexandria prior to the schism, see List of Patriarchs of Alexandr ...

Read more here: » List of Coptic Popes: Encyclopedia - List of Coptic Popes

The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between Scotland and England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of Scotland in 1296, and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. The Second War (1332–1357) began with the English supported invasion of Edward Balliol and the 'Disinherited' in 1332, and ended around 1357 with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick. The wars were part of a grea ...

Including:

• Wars of Scottish Independence - The First War of Independence: 1296-1328
• Wars of Scottish Independence - Background to the war: 1286-92
• Wars of Scottish Independence - Beginning of the war: 1296–1306
• Wars of Scottish Independence - King Robert the Bruce: 1306–1314
• Wars of Scottish Independence - From Bannockburn to Edinburgh-Northampton: 1314–1328
• Wars of Scottish Independence - The Second War of Independence: 1332–1357

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According to extra-biblical sources Veronica from Jerusalem encountered Jesus on the way to Calvary. Upon wiping the sweat (Latin suda) off his face with her veil, his image was imprinted on the cloth. This event is commemorated by one of the Stations of the Cross. According to legend, Veronica later traveled to Rome to present the cloth to the Roman Emperor Tiberius. The story of Veronica and her veil does not occur in the Bible, though the apocryphal "Acts of Pilate" mentions a woman called Veronica who was cured by touching ...

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China is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with written records dating back 3,500 years. Turtle shells with markings reminiscent of ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty (商朝) have been carbon dated to around 1,500 BC. These records suggest that the origins of Chinese civilization started with city-states that may go back more than 5,000 years. Two thousand years ago is c ...

Including:

• History of China - Prehistoric times
• History of China - Ancient histories
• History of China - Xia Dynasty
• History of China - Shang Dynasty
• History of China - Zhou Dynasty
• History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire
• History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity
• History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties
• History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification
• History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity
• History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin
• History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty
• History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture
• History of China - Qing Dynasty
• History of China - The Republic of China
• History of China - Post modern independence

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A sword (Old English: sweord; akin to Old High German: swerd, "wounding tool"; Proto-Indo-European: *swer-, "to wound, to hurt") is a long-edged bladed weapon, consisting in its most fundamental design of a blade, usually with two edges for striking and cutting, and a point for thrusting, and a hilt. The basic intent and physics of swordsmanship remain fairly constant, but the actual techniques vary between cultures and periods as a result of the differences in blade design and purpose. The names given to many swords in ...

Including:

• Sword - History
• Sword - Bronze Age
• Sword - Iron Age
• Sword - Middle Ages
• Sword - Late Middle Ages and Renaissance
• Sword - Modern Age
• Sword - Terminology
• Sword - Typology
• Sword - Double-edged swords
• Sword - Single edged weapons
• Sword - Training swords
• Sword - Classification
• Sword - Punishment devices
• Sword - Symbolism

Read more here: » Sword: Encyclopedia - Sword