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130 | A Wisdom Archive on 130 | | 130 A selection of articles related to 130 | |
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130, 130, 130 - Births, 130 - Deaths, 130 - Events
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 130 | | | |  130: Encyclopedia II - Fiat - ActivitiesThe group's activities were initially focused on the industrial production of cars, industrial and agricultural vehicles. Over time it has diversified into many other fields, and the group now has activities in a wide range of sectors in industry and financial services. It is Italy's largest industrial concern. It also has significant worldwide operations, operating in 61 countries with 1,063 companies that employ over 223,000 people, ...
See also:Fiat, Fiat - Activities, Fiat - History, Fiat - Gianni Agnelli, Fiat - Paolo Fresco, Fiat - Recent events, Fiat - European Car of the Year Awards, Fiat - Humour, Fiat - Endnotes Read more here: » Fiat: Encyclopedia II - Fiat - Activities |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - History of Northumberland - The Roman Occupation When Gnaeus Julius Agricola was appointed Roman governor of Britain in 78 AD, most of northern Britain was still controlled by native British tribes. During his governorship Agricola extended Roman control north of Eboracum (York) and into what is now Scotland. Roman settlements, garrisons and roads were established throughout the Northumberland region.
The northern frontier of the Roman occupation fluctuated between Pons Aelii (now Newcastle) and the Forth. Hadrian's Wall was completed by about 130 AD, to defend Roman-occupied lands ...
See also:History of Northumberland, History of Northumberland - Ancient Northumberland, History of Northumberland - The Roman Occupation, History of Northumberland - Northumbria and The Anglian Kingdoms, History of Northumberland - Monastic Culture, History of Northumberland - The Earldom of Northumbria, History of Northumberland - The Norman Invasion and its Aftermath, History of Northumberland - Border Wars Reivers and Rebels, History of Northumberland - Union and Civil War, History of Northumberland - Industrial Development, History of Northumberland - 20th Century Politics and Culture Read more here: » History of Northumberland: Encyclopedia II - History of Northumberland - The Roman Occupation |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Roman law - Influence of Roman law
Roman law - Roman law in the East.
In the Byzantine Empire, the codes of Justinian became the basis of legal practice. In the 9th century, the emperors Basileios I and Leon VI commissioned a combined translation of the Code and the Digest into Greek, which became known as the Basilica. Roman law as preserved in the codes of Justinian and in the Basilika remained the basis of legal practice in Greece and in the courts of the Orthodox Church even after the fall of the Byzantine empire and the conquest by the Turks.
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See also:Roman law, Roman law - Divisions of Roman law, Roman law - Ius Civile Ius Gentium and Ius Naturale, Roman law - Ius Scriptum and Ius Non Scriptum, Roman law - Ius Publicum and Ius Privatum, Roman law - Ius Publicum, Roman law - Ius Commune and Ius Singulare, Roman law - The sources of Roman law, Roman law - Civil law, Roman law - Honorary law, Roman law - Classical Roman law, Roman law - Post-classical law, Roman law - Rights of the People Status, Roman law - Influence of Roman law, Roman law - Roman law in the East, Roman law - Roman law in the West, Roman law - Roman law today, Roman law - Relevant links Read more here: » Roman law: Encyclopedia II - Roman law - Influence of Roman law |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - List of early imperial Roman consuls - 1st century BC 33 Imperator Caesar Divi filius II, L. Volcacius Tullus
32 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, C. Sosius
31 Imp. Caesar Divi filius III, M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus
30 Imp. Caesar Divi filius IV, Marcus Licinius Crassus Dives
29 Imp. Caesar Divi filius V, Sextus Appuleius
28 Imp. Caesar Divi filius VI, M. Vipsanius Agrippa II
27 Imp. Caesar Divi filius VII, M. Vipsanius Agrippa III
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See also:List of early imperial Roman consuls, List of early imperial Roman consuls - 1st century BC, List of early imperial Roman consuls - 1st century, List of early imperial Roman consuls - 2nd century Read more here: » List of early imperial Roman consuls: Encyclopedia II - List of early imperial Roman consuls - 1st century BC |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Gospel according to the Hebrews - Reputation of the Gospel of the Hebrews The only work which was at all generally received, and relied upon, in addition to the four canonical Gospels, though later judged apocryphal, is this Gospel according to the Hebrews. St. Jerome, who knew it in an Aramaic text under the name of The Gospel according to the Nazarenes, regards it as the Hebrew original of our Greek canonical Gospel according to St. Matthew.
The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908) states
'But, as far as can be judged from its fragments which have come down to us, it has n ...
See also:Gospel according to the Hebrews, Gospel according to the Hebrews - Reputation of the Gospel of the Hebrews, Gospel according to the Hebrews - Gospel according to the Hebrews: text and manuscripts, Gospel according to the Hebrews - External link Read more here: » Gospel according to the Hebrews: Encyclopedia II - Gospel according to the Hebrews - Reputation of the Gospel of the Hebrews |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Fiat - Activities The group's activities were initially focused on the industrial production of cars, industrial and agricultural vehicles. Over time it has diversified into many other fields, and the group now has activities in a wide range of sectors in industry and financial services. It is Italy's largest industrial concern. It also has significant worldwide operations, operating in 61 countries with 1,063 companies that employ over 223,000 people, ...
See also:Fiat, Fiat - Activities, Fiat - History, Fiat - Gianni Agnelli, Fiat - Paolo Fresco, Fiat - Recent events, Fiat - Fiat Car Models, Fiat - European Car of the Year Awards, Fiat - Endnotes Read more here: » Fiat: Encyclopedia II - Fiat - Activities |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Bar Kokhba's revolt - Roman reaction The outbreak took the Romans by surprise. Hadrian called his general Sextus Julius Severus from Britain, and troops were brought from as far as the Danube. The size of the Roman army amassed against the rebels was larger than that commanded by Titus Flavius sixty years earlier, but Roman losses were so heavy that the generals' report to the Roman Senate omitted the customary formula "I and my army are well."
The struggle lasted for three years before the revolt was brutally crushed in the summer of 135. After losing Jerusalem, Bar Kok ...
See also:Bar Kokhba's revolt, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Background, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Revolt, Bar Kokhba's revolt - The Era of the redemption of Israel, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Roman reaction, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Outcome of the War and Beginning of another Jewish Diaspora, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Sources, Bar Kokhba's revolt - External link Read more here: » Bar Kokhba's revolt: Encyclopedia II - Bar Kokhba's revolt - Roman reaction |
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| | | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Hadrian - Early life Hadrian was born in Italica, Baetica, which today is near modern Seville, Spain. He was the son of the prominent Baetican Publius Hadrianus Afer. His mother was Domitia Paulina of Gades. After his father died (probably in 85) Hadrian became the ward of Acilius Attianus and the future Emperor Trajan[1]. Hadrian was schooled in various subjects particular to young aristocrats of the day, and was so fond of learning Greek literature that he was nickna ...
See also:Hadrian, Hadrian - Early life, Hadrian - Securing power, Hadrian - Hadrian and the military, Hadrian - Cultural pursuits and patronage, Hadrian - Hadrian's travels, Hadrian - Britannia, Hadrian - Parthia and Asia Minor, Hadrian - Greece, Hadrian - Return to Italy, Hadrian - Greece and Asia, Hadrian - Notes Read more here: » Hadrian: Encyclopedia II - Hadrian - Early life |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Hadrian - Securing power Hadrian quickly secured the support of the legions - one potential opponent, Lusius Quietus, was instantly dismissed[5]. The Senate's endorsement followed when possibly falsified papers of adoption from Trajan were presented. Nevertheless, this rumor of a falsified document of adoption carried little weight. The real source of Hadrian's legitimacy arose from the endorsement of the armies of Syria and the Senate ratification. It is speculated that Trajan's wife Plotina forged the papers as historical doc ...
See also:Hadrian, Hadrian - Early life, Hadrian - Securing power, Hadrian - Hadrian and the military, Hadrian - Cultural pursuits and patronage, Hadrian - Hadrian's travels, Hadrian - Britannia, Hadrian - Parthia and Asia Minor, Hadrian - Greece, Hadrian - Return to Italy, Hadrian - Greece and Asia, Hadrian - Notes Read more here: » Hadrian: Encyclopedia II - Hadrian - Securing power |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Historical Jesus - When was Jesus born? Gerd Theissen and Annette Merz write, "There is no certain indication of the precise year of his birth. Certainly Matthew and Luke agree in attesting that Jesus was born in the lifetime of Herod the Great (Matt. 2.1ff.; Luke 1.5), i.e. according to Josephus (Antt. 17, 167, 213; BJ 2, 10) before the spring of 4 BC. This terminus ante quem [latest possible date] is certainly probable, but there is some dispute over it, as doubts about the reliability of the chronological information in both the Matthean and Lukan infancy narratives is justified" (The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive ...
See also:Historical Jesus, Historical Jesus - The Names of Jesus and his Family, Historical Jesus - When was Jesus born?, Historical Jesus - Where was Jesus Born?, Historical Jesus - The Synagogue of Nazareth, Historical Jesus - What language did Jesus speak?, Historical Jesus - Was Jesus Literate?, Historical Jesus - What was Jesus' Socioeconomic Status?, Historical Jesus - Family background and childhood, Historical Jesus - Joseph Yosef — his father?, Historical Jesus - Mary Miryam - his mother?, Historical Jesus - James Yacov - his brother?, Historical Jesus - Was Jesus a Vegetarian?, Historical Jesus - Works and miracles, Historical Jesus - Was Jesus a Teacher of Nonviolent Resistance?, Historical Jesus - Was the Entrance to Jerusalem during Passover or Tabernacles?, Historical Jesus - Was Jesus the same as Barabbas?, Historical Jesus - Final days, Historical Jesus - The Resurrection Read more here: » Historical Jesus: Encyclopedia II - Historical Jesus - When was Jesus born? |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Historical Jesus - The Names of Jesus and his Family All sources agree that this man's name was indeed "Jesus," or in Greek, Ιησου. Given that this was an extremely common name in the first century Jewish world, this is quite credible. Josephus alone mentions some twenty or so men called "Joshua" or "Jesus" in his writings, four of whom were high priests, and no fewer than ten belonging to the first century.
This name is usually assumed to be derived from the Aramaic Yeshua. This name was a shortened form of Yehoshua, which originally meant "Yahweh helps" or "May Yahw ...
See also:Historical Jesus, Historical Jesus - The Names of Jesus and his Family, Historical Jesus - When was Jesus born?, Historical Jesus - Where was Jesus Born?, Historical Jesus - The Synagogue of Nazareth, Historical Jesus - What language did Jesus speak?, Historical Jesus - Was Jesus Literate?, Historical Jesus - What was Jesus' Socioeconomic Status?, Historical Jesus - Family background and childhood, Historical Jesus - Joseph Yosef — his father?, Historical Jesus - Mary Miryam - his mother?, Historical Jesus - James Yacov - his brother?, Historical Jesus - Was Jesus a Vegetarian?, Historical Jesus - Works and miracles, Historical Jesus - Was Jesus a Teacher of Nonviolent Resistance?, Historical Jesus - Was the Entrance to Jerusalem during Passover or Tabernacles?, Historical Jesus - Was Jesus the same as Barabbas?, Historical Jesus - Final days, Historical Jesus - The Resurrection Read more here: » Historical Jesus: Encyclopedia II - Historical Jesus - The Names of Jesus and his Family |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Hadrian - Cultural pursuits and patronage Above all Hadrian patronized the arts: Hadrian's Villa at Tibur (Tivoli) was the greatest Roman example of an Alexandrian garden, recreating a sacred landscape, lost now in large part to the despoliation of the ruins by the Cardinal d'Este who had much of the marble removed to build his gardens. In Rome, the Pantheon, Rome built by Agrippa was enriched under Hadrian and took the form in which it remains to this day.
Hadrian was a humanist and deeply Hellenophile in all his tastes. While visiting Greece in 125 he attempted to create a ...
See also:Hadrian, Hadrian - Early life, Hadrian - Securing power, Hadrian - Hadrian and the military, Hadrian - Cultural pursuits and patronage, Hadrian - Hadrian's travels, Hadrian - Britannia, Hadrian - Parthia and Asia Minor, Hadrian - Greece, Hadrian - Return to Italy, Hadrian - Greece and Asia, Hadrian - Notes Read more here: » Hadrian: Encyclopedia II - Hadrian - Cultural pursuits and patronage |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Hadrian - Hadrian and the military Despite his own excellence as a military administrator, Hadrian's reign was marked by a general lack of major military conflicts. He surrendered Trajan's conquests in Mesopotamia, considering them to be indefensible. There was almost a war with Parthia around 121, but the threat was averted when Hadrian succeeded in negotiating a peace. Hadrian's army crushed a massive Jewish uprising in Judea (132-135) led by Bar Kokhba.
The peace policy was strengthened by the erection of permanent fortifications along the empire's borders (limit ...
See also:Hadrian, Hadrian - Early life, Hadrian - Securing power, Hadrian - Hadrian and the military, Hadrian - Cultural pursuits and patronage, Hadrian - Hadrian's travels, Hadrian - Britannia, Hadrian - Parthia and Asia Minor, Hadrian - Greece, Hadrian - Return to Italy, Hadrian - Greece and Asia, Hadrian - Notes Read more here: » Hadrian: Encyclopedia II - Hadrian - Hadrian and the military |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Bar Kokhba's revolt - Revolt The Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva convinced the Sanhedrin to support the impending revolt, and regarded the chosen commander Simon Bar Kokhba to be the Jewish Messiah, according to the verse from Numbers 24:17: "There shall come a star out of Jacob" ("Bar Kokhba" means "son of a star" in the Aramaic language).
At the time, Christianity was still a minor sect of Judaism, and most historians believe that it was this messianic claim in favor of Bar Kokhba that alienated many Christians (who believed that the true messiah was Jesus), and sharpl ...
See also:Bar Kokhba's revolt, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Background, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Revolt, Bar Kokhba's revolt - The Era of the redemption of Israel, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Roman reaction, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Outcome of the War and Beginning of another Jewish Diaspora, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Sources, Bar Kokhba's revolt - External link Read more here: » Bar Kokhba's revolt: Encyclopedia II - Bar Kokhba's revolt - Revolt |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - Bar Kokhba's revolt - Background After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE as a result of the failed Great Jewish Revolt, the Sanhedrin at Yavne provided spiritual guidance for the Jewish nation, both in Judea and throughout the diaspora.
The Roman authorities took precautions against the rebellious province. Instead of a procurator, they installed a praetor as a governor and stationed an entire legion, X Fretensis.
In 130 CE, Emperor Hadrian visited the ruins of Jerusalem. At first sympathetic towards the Jews, Hadrian promised to rebuild the city, b ...
See also:Bar Kokhba's revolt, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Background, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Revolt, Bar Kokhba's revolt - The Era of the redemption of Israel, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Roman reaction, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Outcome of the War and Beginning of another Jewish Diaspora, Bar Kokhba's revolt - Sources, Bar Kokhba's revolt - External link Read more here: » Bar Kokhba's revolt: Encyclopedia II - Bar Kokhba's revolt - Background |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - 0 number - 0 as a numeral The modern numeral 0 is normally written as a circle or (rounded) rectangle. On the seven-segment displays of calculators, watches, etc., 0 is usually written with six line segments (at right), though on some historical calculator models it was written with four line segments. This variant glyph has not caught on.
It is important to distinguish the number zero (as in the "zero brothers" example above) from the numeral or digit zero, used in numeral systems using positional notation. Successive positions of digits ...
See also:0 number, 0 number - 0 as a number, 0 number - 0 as a numeral, 0 number - History, 0 number - Etymology, 0 number - Babylonians and Greeks, 0 number - First use of the number, 0 number - Zero as a decimal digit, 0 number - In mathematics, 0 number - Elementary algebra, 0 number - Extended use of zero in mathematics, 0 number - In physics, 0 number - In computer science, 0 number - Numbering from 1 or 0?, 0 number - Null value, 0 number - Null pointer, 0 number - Negative zero, 0 number - Distinguishing zero from O, 0 number - In other fields Read more here: » 0 number: Encyclopedia II - 0 number - 0 as a numeral |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - 0 number - 0 as a number 0 is the integer that precedes the positive 1, and all positive integers, and follows -1, and all negative integers. In most (if not all) numerical systems, 0 was identified before the idea of 'negative integers' was accepted.
Zero is a number which means nothing, null, void or an absence of value. For example, if the number of one's brothers is zero, then that person has no brothers. If the difference between the number of pieces in two piles is zero, it means the ...
See also:0 number, 0 number - 0 as a number, 0 number - 0 as a numeral, 0 number - History, 0 number - Etymology, 0 number - Babylonians and Greeks, 0 number - First use of the number, 0 number - Zero as a decimal digit, 0 number - In mathematics, 0 number - Elementary algebra, 0 number - Extended use of zero in mathematics, 0 number - In physics, 0 number - In computer science, 0 number - Numbering from 1 or 0?, 0 number - Null value, 0 number - Null pointer, 0 number - Negative zero, 0 number - Distinguishing zero from O, 0 number - In other fields Read more here: » 0 number: Encyclopedia II - 0 number - 0 as a number |
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| | | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - 0 number - In mathematics
0 number - Elementary algebra.
Zero (0) is the lowest non-negative integer. The natural number following zero is one and no natural number precedes zero. Zero may or may not be counted as a natural number, depending on the definition of natural numbers. Mathematical operations involving zero were first described by Brahmasphutasiddhanta in the 7th century.
In set theory, the number zero is the cardinality of the empty set: if one does not have any apples, then one has zero apples. In fact, in certai ...
See also:0 number, 0 number - 0 as a number, 0 number - 0 as a numeral, 0 number - History, 0 number - Etymology, 0 number - Babylonians and Greeks, 0 number - First use of the number, 0 number - Zero as a decimal digit, 0 number - In mathematics, 0 number - Elementary algebra, 0 number - Extended use of zero in mathematics, 0 number - In physics, 0 number - In computer science, 0 number - Numbering from 1 or 0?, 0 number - Null value, 0 number - Null pointer, 0 number - Negative zero, 0 number - Distinguishing zero from O, 0 number - In other fields Read more here: » 0 number: Encyclopedia II - 0 number - In mathematics |
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| | | | | 130: Encyclopedia II - 0 number - In computer science
0 number - Numbering from 1 or 0?.
Human beings usually number things starting from one, not zero. Yet in computer science zero has become the popular indication for a starting point. For example, in almost all old programming languages, an array starts from 1 by default, which is natural for humans. As programming languages have developed, it has become more common that an array star ...
See also:0 number, 0 number - 0 as a number, 0 number - 0 as a numeral, 0 number - History, 0 number - Etymology, 0 number - Babylonians and Greeks, 0 number - First use of the number, 0 number - Zero as a decimal digit, 0 number - In mathematics, 0 number - Elementary algebra, 0 number - Extended use of zero in mathematics, 0 number - In physics, 0 number - In computer science, 0 number - Numbering from 1 or 0?, 0 number - Null value, 0 number - Null pointer, 0 number - Negative zero, 0 number - Distinguishing zero from O, 0 number - In other fields Read more here: » 0 number: Encyclopedia II - 0 number - In computer science |
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