1299

1299 - Events. Osman I declares the independence of the Ottoman Principality The house of Holland becomes extinct. The County of Holland becomes a part of a personal union with the County of Hainaut. April 1, 1299 Kings Towne on the River Hull granted city status by Royal Charter of King Edward I of England. The Mexica settle Chapultepec, a former Toltec stronghold. 1299 - Births. Alfonso IV of Aragon (died 1366) Pierre Ber ...

Including:

• 1299 - Events
• 1299 - Births
• 1299 - Deaths

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The beginnings of the County came in 1102, when Count Raymond IV of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, began a lengthy war with the Banu Ammar Emirs of Tripoli (theoretically vassals of the Fatimid caliphs in Cairo), gradually seizing much of their territory and besieging them within Tripoli itself. Raymond died in 1105, leaving his infant son Alfonso-Jordan as his heir, with a cousin, William-Jordan of Cerdagne, as regent. William-Jordan continued the siege of Tripoli for the next four years, when a bastard son of Raymond, B ...

See also:

County of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - History, County of Tripoli - Vassals of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - Lordship of Gibelet, County of Tripoli - Lordship of Botron, County of Tripoli - Counts of Tripoli 1102-1289, County of Tripoli - Titular Counts of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - Great Officers of Tripoli

Read more here: » County of Tripoli: Encyclopedia II - County of Tripoli - History

Ala-ud-din Khilji (real name Juna Khan) (d. 1316), second and greatest Indian ruler of the Khilji dynasty. He reigned from 1296–1316 and was the first Muslim to rule the entirety of what is today India. Ala-ud-din was the nephew and son in law of Jalal-ud-din. In first, Jalal-ud-din appointed Ala-ud-Din as the governor of Kara. In 1296 Ala-ud-Din killed his uncle. But Malika Jahan, the widow of Jalal-ud-din, put her younger son Rukun ud din Khilji to the throne. Ala-ud-din quickly marched on Delhi from Kara. He entered ...

Including:

• Ala ud din Khilji - Sack of Chittor

Read more here: » Ala ud din Khilji: Encyclopedia - Ala ud din Khilji

The Bishopric and Archbishopric of Trier was one of the important ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. Unlike the other Rhenish archbishoprics— Mainz and Cologne— Trier, as the important Roman provincial capital of Augusta Treverorum, had been the seat of a bishop since Roman times. It was raised to to archepiscopal status during the reign of Charlemagne, whose will mentio ...

Including:

• Archbishopric of Trier - Reference
• Archbishopric of Trier - Bishops and Archbishops of Augusta Treverorum 50-791
• Archbishopric of Trier - Archbishops of Trier 791-1242
• Archbishopric of Trier - Archbishop-Electors of Trier 1242-1803
• Archbishopric of Trier - Modern Bishops of Trier 1801-present

Read more here: » Archbishopric of Trier: Encyclopedia - Archbishopric of Trier

For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. 1281 - Events. 1281 - Europe. Pope Martin IV authorizes the Ninth Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year. 1281 - Middle East. October 29 - Mamluk sultan Qalawun defeats an invasion of Syria by Mongol Ilkh ...

Including:

• 1281 - Events
• 1281 - Europe
• 1281 - Middle East
• 1281 - Asia
• 1281 - Births
• 1281 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1281: Encyclopedia - 1281

An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress is the feminine form and can either be the wife of an emperor or a woman being an imperial monarch herself. Emperors are generally recognised to be above kings in honour and rank. Emperor Akihito of Japan is the world's only reigning emperor. the last imperial monarch in europe was the King-Emperor George VI who ruled as Emperor of India Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of ...

Including:

• Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch
• Emperor - Imperium maius
• Emperor - Historical development
• Emperor - Europe
• Emperor - The Americas
• Emperor - Africa
• Emperor - Asia
• Emperor - Persian tradition
• Emperor - Pre-Columbian American traditions
• Emperor - Other traditions
• Emperor - Lists of emperors
• Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires
• Emperor - Emperors of short-lived 'empires'
• Emperor - Self-proclaimed emperors
• Emperor - Fictional emperors
• Emperor - Notes
• Emperor - Trivia

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1240s 1250s 1260s - 1270s - 1280s 1290s 1300s 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 The 1280s is the decade starting January 1, 1280 and ending December 31, 1289. Europe in the 1280s was marked by naval warfare on the Mediterranean Sea and consolidation of power by the major states. Ongoing struggles over the control of Sicily provoked lengthy naval warfare: after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion, the French Angevins struggled against Aragon for control of the island. King Rudolph I of G ...

Including:

• 1280s - War and politics
• 1280s - Europe
• 1280s - The Mongol Empire sphere of influence
• 1280s - The Mamluk Sultanate sphere of influence: the Middle East
• 1280s - Culture
• 1280s - Natural events
• 1280s - Science literature and industry
• 1280s - Civic laws and institutions
• 1280s - Art and architecture
• 1280s - Cities and institutions
• 1280s - Religion
• 1280s - Births
• 1280s - Deaths

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The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Ayyubid Dynasty was founded by Saladin (Salah ah-Din), who, with his uncle Shirkuh, conquered Egypt for the Zengid King Nur ad-Din of Damascus in 1169. In 1171, Saladin deposed the last Fatimid Caliph, but he gradually became estranged from his former master. When Nur ed-Din died in 1174, Saladin declared war against Nur ed-Din's young son, As-Salih Ismail, and seized Damascus. Ismail fled ...

Including:

• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Damascus
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Aleppo
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Hamah
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Homs
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Yemen
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Rulers of the Jezireh

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1284 - War and politics. King Charles II of Naples is captured in a naval battle off Naples by Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon. The Statute of Rhuddlan is created, formally incorporating Wales into England in the entity England and Wales. The Italian city-state of Genoa defeats its rival Pisa in the naval Battle of Meloria, ending Pisa's marine power and hastening the city's decline in power. Stefan Dragutin, king of Serbia, receives Belgrade, Srem, and other ...

Including:

• 1284 - Events
• 1284 - War and politics
• 1284 - Culture
• 1284 - Births
• 1284 - Deaths
• 1284 - In legend

Read more here: » 1284: Encyclopedia - 1284

Charles II, known as the Lame (Fr. le Boiteux) (born c. 1248, died 5 May 1309, Naples) was the King of Naples and Sicily, titular king of Jerusalem, and Prince of Salerno. He was a son of Charles I of Naples. He had been captured by Roger of Lauria in the naval battle at Naples in 1284. When his father died, he was still a prisoner of Peter III of Aragon. In 1288 King Edward I of England mediated to make peace, and Charles was liberated only to retain Naples alone. Sicily was left to the Aragonese. Charles ...

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The County of Tripoli was the last of the four major Crusader states in the Levant to be created. Some prominent cities that were part of the County include Safita, Tartous, and Tripoli. County of Tripoli - History. The beginnings of the County came in 1102, when Count Raymond IV of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, began a lengthy war with the Banu Ammar Emirs of Tripoli (theoretically vassals of the Fatimid caliphs in Cairo), gradually seizing much of their territory and besieging them wi ...

Including:

• County of Tripoli - History
• County of Tripoli - Vassals of Tripoli
• County of Tripoli - Lordship of Gibelet
• County of Tripoli - Lordship of Botron
• County of Tripoli - Counts of Tripoli 1102-1289
• County of Tripoli - Titular Counts of Tripoli
• County of Tripoli - Great Officers of Tripoli

Read more here: » County of Tripoli: Encyclopedia - County of Tripoli

The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), also known as the Ukrainian Catholic Church, is one of the successor Churches to the acceptance of Christianity by Grand Prince Vladimir the Great (Ukrainian Volodymyr) of Kiev (Kyiv), in 988. UGCC is the largest Eastern Rite sui juris particular church in full communion with the Holy See, and is directly subject to the Roman Pope. The Primate of the Church, in union with the Pope, holds the office of Archbishop-Major of Kiev-Halych and All Rus, though the hierarchs of the chur ...

Including:

• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - History
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - Early pre-history
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - Old Ruthenian period
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - Middle Ruthenian period
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - The era of Catholic-Orthodox rivalry and separation
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - The Ukrainian period
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - 19th century: West Ukrainian period
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - 20th century: persecution and internationalization
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - External References

Read more here: » Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church: Encyclopedia - Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between Scotland and England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of Scotland in 1296, and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. The Second War (1332–1357) began with the English supported invasion of Edward Balliol and the 'Disinherited' in 1332, and ended around 1357 with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick. The wars were part of a grea ...

Including:

• Wars of Scottish Independence - The First War of Independence: 1296-1328
• Wars of Scottish Independence - Background to the war: 1286-92
• Wars of Scottish Independence - Beginning of the war: 1296–1306
• Wars of Scottish Independence - King Robert the Bruce: 1306–1314
• Wars of Scottish Independence - From Bannockburn to Edinburgh-Northampton: 1314–1328
• Wars of Scottish Independence - The Second War of Independence: 1332–1357

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Chersonesos (Greek Χερσόνησος, also Chersones, Khersones, Korsun, Russian and Ukrainian: Херсонес; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was an ancient Greek colony founded approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern part of the Crimea, known then as the Tauric Chersonese. The colony was established in the ...

Including:

• Chersonesos - History
• Chersonesos - Archaeological site
• Chersonesos - Current studies
• Chersonesos - Sources

Read more here: » Chersonesos: Encyclopedia - Chersonesos

Data from Statistics Norway Bergen is a municipality and city in the county of Hordaland, Norway. Bergen is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast-line of Norway, between de syv fjell, "the seven mountains", according to folklore. Bergen is also known as the gateway to the fjords of Norway. Bergen Norway - History. Bergen was founded as a city by Olaf Kyrre in AD 1070, and considered to be Norway's capital until 1299, Toward the end of the thi ...

Including:

• Bergen Norway - History
• Bergen Norway - Cityscape
• Bergen Norway - Administration
• Bergen Norway - Weather
• Bergen Norway - Universities and research
• Bergen Norway - Industry
• Bergen Norway - Communication
• Bergen Norway - Culture and sports
• Bergen Norway - Famous people from Bergen
• Bergen Norway - Twin cities

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Bothwell Castle is a large medieval castle sited on a high steep bank above a bend in the River Clyde between Uddingston and the small town of Bothwell in Lanarkshire, Scotland, about 10 miles (16 km) south of Glasgow. The huge cylindrical Donjon was built in the 13th century, but before the rest of the castle was completed it was severely damaged in a series of sieges. Rebuilding in the early 15th century enlarged the castle, but it was abandoned by the 18th century and became the present massive rectangular ruin, with the Donjon to the west and the later Great Hall to the east side of the rectang ...

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The Bahri dynasty or Bahriyya Sultante المماليك البحرية was a Mamluk dynasty of Kipchak Turk origin that ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1382 when they were succeeded by the Burji dynasty, another group of Mamluks. Their name means 'of the sea', referring to them ruling from al-Manyal island in the Nile (Bahr al-Nil) off Cairo. In 1250, when the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub died, the Mamluks owned by sultan killed his owner's heir, and the Mamluk general Aybak (who ruled 1250 - 1257) married Shajar al-Dur ...

Including:

• Bahri dynasty - List of Bahri Sultans

Read more here: » Bahri dynasty: Encyclopedia - Bahri dynasty

Constantine III of Armenia (1278- c.1310) was briefly king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1298 to 1299. He was the son of Leo III of Armenia and Kyranna de Lampron. He helped his brother Sempad to usurp the throne in 1296, but turned against him two years later in 1298 to restore his older brother Hethum II. He assumed the throne for a year while Hethum recovered from his imprisonement. Shortly after Hethum's resumption in 1299, Constantine plotted to restore Se ...

Including:

• Constantine III of Armenia - Bibliography

Read more here: » Constantine III of Armenia: Encyclopedia - Constantine III of Armenia

The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430), are several Roman Catholic monastic orders and congregations of both men and women living according to a guide to religious life known as the Rule of Saint Augustine. The two main branches of Augustinians comprise: The Canons Regular of Saint Augustine called The Augustinian Canons, or Austin Canons (austin being a corruption of 'Augustinian'), one of the oldest and most prestigious orders The Order of the Her ...

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1352 - Events. June 4 - Glarus joins the Swiss Confederation. June 27 - Zug joins the Swiss Confederation. December 18 - Innocent VI is elected Pope. Morroccan traveller Ibn Battuta reports the existence of the ngoni and balafon instruments at the court of Mansa Musa. Dragos¸ becomes voivode of Moldova. Corpus Christi College founded as a College of the University of Cambridge by the Guilds of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Ottoman Turk ...

Including:

• 1352 - Events
• 1352 - Births
• 1352 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1352: Encyclopedia - 1352