1294

Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire. Temujin, later to be more prominently known as Genghis Khan, was the first in the line of Yuan rulers. He was the son of Yesügei, the tribal chief of the Kiyad — a tribe in fractured Mongolia. His father was killed in his early life by a rival tribe, the [[heir. This led to bitterness on the part of Senggum, Wang's former heir, who planned to assassinate Temüjin. Temüjin learned of Senggum's intentions however, and a large civil war broke out among the Mong ...

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Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire, Yuan Dynasty - Aspirations to China, Yuan Dynasty - Northern Conquest, Yuan Dynasty - Golden Age of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Establishment of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Early Rule, Yuan Dynasty - Impact, Yuan Dynasty - Downfall of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Civil Unrest, Yuan Dynasty - Loss of China, Yuan Dynasty - Northern Yuan

Read more here: » Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan

Buckley (the name comes from the Anglo-Saxon bok lee, meaning meadow, or field) was an Anglo-Saxon location, with some of its houses recorded in the Domesday Book of the 11th Century. However, the first documented evidence of its existence dates from 1294, when it was described as the pasturage of the Manor of Ewloe. The town, near Mold, became an industrial heartland for pottery and coal between the 17th and 19th centuries. However, it only grew into any kind of prominence during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th Century, ...

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Buckley, Buckley - History, Buckley - Mining and pottery, Buckley - Buckley dialect, Buckley - The 'Buckley Panto', Buckley - Present day, Buckley - Geography, Buckley - The Jubilee, Buckley - Royal Buckley Town Band, Buckley - Schools, Buckley - Music / culture

Read more here: » Buckley: Encyclopedia II - Buckley - History

Sieradz - Sieradz constituency. Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Sieradz constituency Anita Błochowiak, SLD-UP Borczyk Waldemar, Samoobrona Gajda Tadeusz, PSL Grabarczyk Cezary, PO Grabicka Krystyna, LPR Kaczmarek Michał, SLD-UP Krzywicki Piotr, PiS Nowacka Irena, SLD-UP Olejniczak Wojciech, SLD-UP Pęczak Andrzej, SLD-UP Rochnowska Renata, Samoobrona Zarzycki Wojciech, PSL Sieradz - Municipal politics. Thi ...

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Sieradz, Sieradz - Education, Sieradz - Politics, Sieradz - Sieradz constituency, Sieradz - Municipal politics, Sieradz - Dukes of Sieradz-Leczyca, Sieradz - Dukes of Sieradz

Read more here: » Sieradz: Encyclopedia II - Sieradz - Politics

Before 1277 he became a duke of Poznań, and after the death of his uncle Boleslaus the Pious in 1279 he became the duke of whole of Greater Poland. According to the Treaty of Kępno (1282) he was co-ruler with Mestwin II, duke of Eastern Pomerania (Poland) and in 1294 his successor in Poland. In 1287 this alliace was extended to duke Bogusław IV of Western Pomerania. According to the last will of Henry IV Probus, duke of Silesia and high-duke of Poland, he inherited in 1290 the provinces of Kraków and Sandomierz (both were called L ...

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Przemysł II, Przemysł II - Realm of power, Przemysł II - Married to, Przemysł II - Biography

Read more here: » Przemysł II: Encyclopedia II - Przemysł II - Biography

Chagatai died shortly after Ögedei. The Chagataites, who had previously accepted Guyuk, consented to the succession to Möngke as Great Khan with some reluctance, but on the whole the Mongol Empire did not disgregate. Möngke died during his campaign against Song China. Kublai (Qubilai) succeeded him as Great Khan in 1260, but faced a succession crisis. His younger brother, Arigboka (Arigboqa), claimed the great khanate. Kublai brought him to heel with the help of A ...

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Chagatai Khanate, Chagatai Khanate - Mongol successor states, Chagatai Khanate - The Chagatai Khanate after Chagatai, Chagatai Khanate - Tughlugh Timur and Tamerlane, Chagatai Khanate - Successors of the Chagataites

Read more here: » Chagatai Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Chagatai Khanate - The Chagatai Khanate after Chagatai

Dante wrote the work at the suggestion of his friend, the poet Guido Cavalcanti, as a means of: first, collecting and publishing the lyrics dealing with Dante's love for Beatrice; second, explaining the autobiographical context of their composition; third, pointing out the expository structure of each lyric as an aid to careful reading. Accordingly each chapter typically consists of three parts, the autobiographical narrative, the lyric that resulted from those circ ...

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La Vita Nuova, La Vita Nuova - History and context of La Vita Nuova, La Vita Nuova - The structure of La Vita Nuova, La Vita Nuova - Personality in La Vita Nuova

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Dante Alighieri - Early history and family. Dante was born in 1265 and he tells us he was born under the sign of Gemini, placing his birthday in June. Dante was born 'Durante' and the name Dante is a shortened version of his name. He was born into the prominent Alighieri family of Florence, with loyalties to the Guelfs, a political alliance that supported the Papacy, involved in complex opposition to the Ghibellines, who were backed by the Holy Roman Emperor. These factions fashioned their names after the ones of ...

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Dante Alighieri, Dante Alighieri - Life, Dante Alighieri - Early history and family, Dante Alighieri - Education and poetry, Dante Alighieri - Florence and politics, Dante Alighieri - Exile and death, Dante Alighieri - Works

Read more here: » Dante Alighieri: Encyclopedia II - Dante Alighieri - Life

Little is known about the early life of Jakub Świnka, nor are his parents known. It is probable that Świnka was a descendant of a peasant family from Greater Poland or Silesia. His family started a career in Greater Poland, but with a limited success. It is known that his elder brother Sułek did not hold any official posts while his uncle Jan Świnka was mentioned in 1286 as the castellan of a tiny town of Spicymierz. Jakub Świnka must have joined the Catholic Church and it is also probable that he graduated from a law school (pro ...

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Jakub Świnka, Jakub Świnka - Biography, Jakub Świnka - Bibliography

Read more here: » Jakub Świnka: Encyclopedia II - Jakub Świnka - Biography

John of Ruysbroeck - Until his ordination. John had a devout mother, who brought him up in the Catholic faith; of his father we know nothing. John's surname Van Ruusbroec is not a surname in the modern sense but a toponym that refers to his native hamlet, modern-day Ruisbroek near Brussels (compare John of Salisbury or Democritus of Abdera). At the age of eleven he left his mother, departing without leave or warning, to place himself under the guidance and tuition of his uncle, Jan Hinckaert, a canon of St ...

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John of Ruysbroeck, John of Ruysbroeck - Life, John of Ruysbroeck - Until his ordination, John of Ruysbroeck - Priest in Brussels, John of Ruysbroeck - Priest in Groenendaal, John of Ruysbroeck - After death, John of Ruysbroeck - Works and philosophy

Read more here: » John of Ruysbroeck: Encyclopedia II - John of Ruysbroeck - Life

Alfred the Great has traditionally been recognized as the "founder of the navy"; in 897 he had a number of ships built, of at least 60 oars each, and used them to counter Danish raids along the south coast of England. Although there is evidence of subsequent attempts to fund a national naval force, there was no opposition to the landings of Sweyn Forkbeard from 1003 on, nor to the takeover by Cnut in 1016. Harold Godwinson did have some ships cruising off the Isle of Wight in the summer of 1066, but they ende ...

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History of the Royal Navy, History of the Royal Navy - King's ships to 1500, History of the Royal Navy - The beginnings of an organised navy 1500–1642, History of the Royal Navy - The formation of a fighting force 1642–1689, History of the Royal Navy - Wars with France 1690–1815, History of the Royal Navy - Developments during the Pax Britannica 1815–1895, History of the Royal Navy - Operations, History of the Royal Navy - Technology, History of the Royal Navy - Age of the battleship 1895–1919, History of the Royal Navy - Interwar and World War II 1919–1946, History of the Royal Navy - The Navy from 1946

Read more here: » History of the Royal Navy: Encyclopedia II - History of the Royal Navy - King's ships to 1500

(Jerusalem lost in 1187; seat of the Patriarch moved to Acre) (Vacant 1191-1194) Aymar the Monk (1194-1202) Soffred (1202-1204) Albert Avogadro (1204-1214) Raoul of Merencourt (1214-1225) Gerald of Lausanne (1225-1238) (Vacant 1238-1240; Jacques de Vitry appointed but never served) Robert of Nantes (1240-1254) Jacques Pantaléon (1255-1261), future Pope Urban IV of Rome William II of Agen (1261-1270) Thomas Agni of Cosenza (1271-1277) ...

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Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem - Crusader patriarchate, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem - Modern patriarchate, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem - List of Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem

Read more here: » Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem - List of Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem

The Bytham River is now considered to have been the route taken by the first humans to colonise Britain, around or before 500,000 years ago, when southern and eastern Britain was linked to continental Europe by a wide land bridge. Though many traces of the major river valley associated with the Bytham are thought to have vanished during the Anglian Ice Age it originally stretched from the area near Birmingham and drained the Midlands in the Early-Middle Pleistocene period. The Bytham flowed eastwards from the West Midlands and Southern Penni ...

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History of Sheffield, History of Sheffield - Pre-Anglo-Saxon History of the Sheffield Area, History of Sheffield - Anglo-Saxon and Norman Sheffield, History of Sheffield - Mediaeval Sheffield, History of Sheffield - Industrial Sheffield, History of Sheffield - The 20th century to the present, History of Sheffield - Notes

Read more here: » History of Sheffield: Encyclopedia II - History of Sheffield - Pre-Anglo-Saxon History of the Sheffield Area

(partly on the territory of Estonia) Title: Elder (Vanem) (- 12th century) ...

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List of Estonian rulers, List of Estonian rulers - Vaddjamå, List of Estonian rulers - Metsapoole, List of Estonian rulers - Sakala, List of Estonian rulers - Alempois, List of Estonian rulers - Harjumaa, List of Estonian rulers - Jogentagan, List of Estonian rulers - Järvamaa, List of Estonian rulers - Läänemaa, List of Estonian rulers - Mõhu, List of Estonian rulers - Nurmekund, List of Estonian rulers - Soopoolitse, List of Estonian rulers - Ugandi, List of Estonian rulers - Vaiga, List of Estonian rulers - Virumaa, List of Estonian rulers - Hiiumaa, List of Estonian rulers - Revala, List of Estonian rulers - Saaremaa, List of Estonian rulers - Kievan Rus', List of Estonian rulers - Kingdom of Denmark, List of Estonian rulers - Bishopric of Dorpat, List of Estonian rulers - Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, List of Estonian rulers - Livonian Order, List of Estonian rulers - Kindom of Poland, List of Estonian rulers - Dynastia Jagiellonów, List of Estonian rulers - Rzeczpospolita, List of Estonian rulers - Dynastia Jagiellonów, List of Estonian rulers - House of Vasa, List of Estonian rulers - Kingdom of Sweden, List of Estonian rulers - House of Vasa, List of Estonian rulers - House of Pfalz, List of Estonian rulers - House of Hesse, List of Estonian rulers - Kingdom of Livonia, List of Estonian rulers - House of Oldenburg, List of Estonian rulers - Muscovy, List of Estonian rulers - House of Romanov, List of Estonian rulers - Russia, List of Estonian rulers - House of Romanov, List of Estonian rulers - Russian Provisional Government 1917, List of Estonian rulers - Republic of Velise, List of Estonian rulers - German State, List of Estonian rulers - Hohenzollern, List of Estonian rulers - Estland, List of Estonian rulers - Soviet Republic of Naissaar, List of Estonian rulers - Republic of Estonia, List of Estonian rulers - Baltic Duchy, List of Estonian rulers - Commune of the Working People of Estonia, List of Estonian rulers - Estonian SSR, List of Estonian rulers - Soviet Union, List of Estonian rulers - Great-German State

Read more here: » List of Estonian rulers: Encyclopedia II - List of Estonian rulers - Vaddjamå

Knights Hospitaller - Foundation and early history. In 600, Abbot Probus was commissioned by Pope Gregory the Great to build a hospital in Jerusalem to treat and care for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 800, Charlemagne, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, enlarged Probus' hostel and added a library to it. About 200 years later, in 1005, Caliph El Hakim destroyed the hostel and three thousand other buildings. He made the Christians wear wooden crosses, half a meter long by half a meter wide, around their ne ...

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Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitaller - History, Knights Hospitaller - Foundation and early history, Knights Hospitaller - Knights of Cyprus and Rhodes, Knights Hospitaller - Knights of Malta, Knights Hospitaller - Turmoil in Europe, Knights Hospitaller - The loss of Malta, Knights Hospitaller - Revival in England as the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller - Protestant Continuation in Continental Europe, Knights Hospitaller - The modern Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Knights Hospitaller - Name and motto, Knights Hospitaller - International status of the Order, Knights Hospitaller - Government of the Order, Knights Hospitaller - Mimic Orders, Knights Hospitaller - List of Grand Masters

Read more here: » Knights Hospitaller: Encyclopedia II - Knights Hospitaller - History

The diamond was taken from the Rajah of Malwa by force by Sultan Ala ud din Khilji and then owned by a succession of Mogul rulers including Babur himself in 1526. The Taj Mahal was constructed by the Emperor Shah Jahan between 1630 and 1653. When Shah Jahan's son, Emperor Aurangazeb, put his ailing father under house arrest at nearby Agra Fort, legend has it that he had the Koh-i-noor stationed against a window so that Shah Jahan could look at the stone and see the Taj reflected in it. There it stayed until the invasion of Nadir Shah ...

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Koh-i-Noor, Koh-i-Noor - Origins and early history, Koh-i-Noor - Stone of the emperors, Koh-i-Noor - The diamond passes out of India, Koh-i-Noor - The Great Exhibition, Koh-i-Noor - The Crown Jewels, Koh-i-Noor - Campaign to return the Koh-i-noor to India

Read more here: » Koh-i-Noor: Encyclopedia II - Koh-i-Noor - Stone of the emperors

Both Catholic and Orthodox Christians believe that during the Celebration of the Eucharist the offerings (or gifts) of bread and wine are permanently changed: their substance is transformed into the body and blood of Jesus Christ, while the appearance of bread and wine remain. Since Christians believe Jesus Christ to be "true God and true man", his body and blood in the form of the consecrated host are worshipped or adored in the Catholic and Orthodox Churches. On the other hand, theft, sale, misuse of the consecrated host, or using it for s ...

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Host desecration, Host desecration - Background of the concept, Host desecration - Accusations against Jews, Host desecration - Violence against Jews, Host desecration - Occurrences of the accusations against the Jews

Read more here: » Host desecration: Encyclopedia II - Host desecration - Background of the concept

After the death of the last Landgrave of Thuringia, Heinrich Raspe, the Thuringian-hessian succession war (1247 - 1264) began. Heinrichs mother fought for the entire inheritance Thuringia and Hesse as a closest heiress of Heinrich Raspe against Heinrich of Meissen for its child. By the Contract of Langsdorf of 1265 guaranted Sophie for their son the landgraviate of Hesse. At this time these cover the region between Wolfhagen, Zierenberg, Eschwege, Alsfeld, Grünberg, Frankenberg and Biedenkopf. In the same year Heinrich acquired a part of th ...

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Henry I of Hesse, Henry I of Hesse - Life, Henry I of Hesse - Family and children

Read more here: » Henry I of Hesse: Encyclopedia II - Henry I of Hesse - Life

Among the more powerful of the early kings of Gwynedd were Cadwallon ap Cadfan who invaded Northumbria and briefly controlled it, and Rhodri the Great (844 - 878) who was able to add Powys and part of southern Wales to his realm, becoming the first ruler to control the greater part of Wales. On the other hand Howell the Good (942-950) of Deheubarth was able to annex Gwynedd to his own kingdom. During the period of the Norman conquest of Wales, between the years 1066 and 1282, Gwynedd was a centre of national resistance, the last stron ...

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Kingdom of Gwynedd, Kingdom of Gwynedd - Government, Kingdom of Gwynedd - Administration, Kingdom of Gwynedd - End of Independence, Kingdom of Gwynedd - List of Kings/Princes, Kingdom of Gwynedd - Fictional reference

Read more here: » Kingdom of Gwynedd: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Gwynedd - Government

The empire was separated into four khanates, each ruled by a separate khan and overseen by the Great Khan. The Kipchak Khanate (also called the Golden Horde) ruled Russia; the Ilkhanate ruled the Middle East, the Chagatai Khanate ruled over western Asia, and the Great Khanate controlled Mongolia and eventually China. The empire reached its greatest extent under Kublai with his conquest of China, completed with the final defeat of the Song Dynasty in 1279. He ruled well, promoting economic growth with the rebuilding of the Grand Canal, repair ...

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Kublai Khan, Kublai Khan - Empire, Kublai Khan - Invasions of Japan, Kublai Khan - Kublai Khan in fiction, Kublai Khan - Notes

Read more here: » Kublai Khan: Encyclopedia II - Kublai Khan - Empire

Sis (also known as Sissu, Sision, later Flavias or Flaviopolis) has had an important place in Armenian Apostolic Church ecclesiastical history. In 302, Gregory the Illuminator was consecrated the first Catholicos of Armenia, but transferred his see to Vagarshabad (Echmiadzin), whence, after the fall of the Arsacids, it passed to Tovin. In 704, Sis was besieged by the Arabs, but relieved by the Byzantines. The Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil took it and refortified it, but it soon returned to Byzantine h ...

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Kozan Adana, Kozan Adana - Economy, Kozan Adana - History

Read more here: » Kozan Adana: Encyclopedia II - Kozan Adana - History

The empire was separated into four khanates, each ruled by a separate khan and overseen by the Great Khan. The Kipchak Khanate (also called the Golden Horde) ruled Russia; the Ilkhanate ruled the Middle East, the Chagatai Khanate ruled over western Asia, and the Great Khanate controlled Mongolia and eventually China. The empire reached its greatest extent under Kublai with his conquest of China, completed with the final defeat of the Song Dynasty in 1279. He ruled better than his predecessors, promoting economic growth with the rebuilding of ...

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Kublai Khan, Kublai Khan - Empire, Kublai Khan - Invasions of Japan, Kublai Khan - Notes

Read more here: » Kublai Khan: Encyclopedia II - Kublai Khan - Empire

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