For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century.
1294 - Events.
December 13 - Pope Celestine V abdicates the papacy, only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 7, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.
John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, and instead informs the French of Edward's plans and negotiates the Auld Alliance with France and Nor ...
1253 - Europe.
July 6 - Mindaugas is crowned as King of Lithuania.
July - William II, Count of Holland defeats the Flemish army at Westkapelle.
A series of naval wars begins between the Italian city-states of Genoa and Venice, which will continue sporadically until 1371.
King Henry III of England meets with English nobles and church leaders to reaffirm the validity of the Magna Carta.
Pope Innocent IV returns to Rome, having left nine years earlier in 1244 to depo ...
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century.
1253 - Events.
July 6 - Mindaugas is crowned as King of Lithuania.
July - William II, Count of Holland defeats the Flemish army at Westkapelle.
A series of naval wars begins between the Italian city-states of Genoa and Venice, which will continue sporadically until 1371.
King Henry III of England meets with English nobles and church leaders to reaffirm the validity of the Magna Carta.
Pope I ...
Boniface VIII, né Benedetto Caetani (Anagni, ca. 1235 – October 11, 1303) was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303. Boniface's given name was either Benedict Cajetan or Benedetto Caetani. He was elected in 1294 after Celestine V abdicated. (One of Boniface's first acts as pontiff was to imprison his predecessor in the castle of Fumone, where he died at the age of 91, attended by two monks of his order.) In 1300, Boniface instituted the jubilees, which afterwards ...
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century.
1250 - Events.
1250 - Europe.
October 12 - A great storm shifts the mouth of the River Rother 12 miles (20 km) to the west; a battering series of strong storms significantly alter other coastal geography as well (see Romney Marsh).
December 13 - Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, dies, beginning a 23-year-long interregnum known as the great interregnum. Frederick II is the last Holy Roman Emp ...
Buckley (Welsh: Bwcle) is a town in Flintshire, Wales, United Kingdom. It is the second largest town in Flintshire in terms of population and is 2 miles from Mold, the county town. It is located on the A549 road.
Buckley - History.
Buckley (the name comes from the Anglo-Saxon bok lee, meaning meadow, or field) was an Anglo-Saxon location, with some of its houses recorded in the Domesday Book of the 11th Century. However, the first documented evidence of its existence dates from 1 ...
A papal election is the method by which the Roman Catholic Church fills the office of Bishop of Rome, whose incumbent is known as the Pope, the head of the Church. The electors form a conclave, from the Latin phrase cum clave ("with a key"), referring to the "locking away" of the electors during the process. Conclaves have been employed since the Second Council of Lyons decreed in 1274 that the electors should meet in seclusion. They are now hel ...
Bologna (from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in the local dialect) is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, between the Po River and the Apennines.
Bologna - History.
Bologna was founded by the Etruscans with the name Felsina (ca. 534 BC) in an area previously long inhabitated by the villanovians, a people of farmers and shepherds. The Etruscan city grew around a sanctuary built on a hill, and was surrounded by a necropolis. In the 4th century BC the city was conquered by the ...
Blood libels were the false accusations that Jews used human blood, especially the blood of Christian children, in religious rituals. In many cases, anti-Semitic blood libels served as the basis for a blood libel cult, in which the alleged victim of human sacrifice was worshipped as a Christian martyr. The first recorded instance was in the writings of Apion, who claimed that the Jews sacrificed Greek victims in the Temple, but there were no other incidents recorded from the ancient Greeks until the 12th century, when blood lib ...
The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance between England (succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal is the oldest alliance in the world which is still in force. It was signed in 1373.
This alliance, which goes back to the Middle Ages, has served both countries, despite the common Portuguese complaint that England has profited from her alliance with her weaker ally. It is worth noting, however, that for a long time Portugal was the stronger ally and that both countries have profited from this (now largely unused) alliance. It was very ...
In the history of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1305 to 1378 during which the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, lived in Avignon (now a part of France) rather than in Rome. Seven popes, all French, resided in Avignon during this period:
Pope Clement V: 1305–1314
Pope John XXII: 1316–1334
Pope Benedict XII: 1334–1342
Pope Clement VI: 1342–1352
Pope Innocent VI: 1352–1362
Pope Urban V: 136 ...
The Basilica of the Holy House, or Chiesa della Casa Santa, is a Catholic place of pilgrimage in Loreto (AN), Italy.
Chiesa della Casa Santa Loreto - Basilica of the Holy House.
The basilica is a Late Gothic structure continued by Giuliano da Maiano, Giuliano da Sangallo and Bramante. The handsome façade of the church was erected under Sixtus V, who fortified Loreto and gave it the privileges of a town (1586); his colossal statue stands in the middle of the flight of steps in front. Over the ...
Chagatai Khan (alternative spellings Chagata, Chugta, Chagta, Djagatai, Jagatai), a son of Genghis Khan (1206—1227), controlled the part of the Mongol Empire which extended from the Ili river (eastern Kazakhstan) and Kashgaria (western Tarim Basin) to Transoxiana. He inherited most of what are now the five Central Asian states and northern Iran after the death of his father which he ruled until his death in 1242. The Empire later came to be known as the Chagatai Khanate, part of the Mongol Empire. These te ...
Convivio is a work written by Dante Alighieri roughly in a ten year period between 1294 and 1307. It contains details of the author's growing interest in philosophy, particularly in reference to the works of Cicero and Boethius. It also includes philosophical commentary by the author.
Other related archives1294, 1307, Boethius, Cicero, Dante Alighieri
The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between Scotland and England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.
The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of Scotland in 1296, and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. The Second War (1332–1357) began with the English supported invasion of Edward Balliol and the 'Disinherited' in 1332, and ended around 1357 with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick. The wars were part of a grea ...
Her Majesty's Customs and Excise (HMCE) was a department of the British Government in the UK. It was responsible for the collection of Value-added tax, Customs Duties, Excise Duties, and other indirect taxes such as Air Passenger Duty, Climate Change Levy, Insurance Premium Tax, Landfill Tax and Aggregates Levy. It was also responsible for managing the import and export of goods and services into the UK. HMCE was merged with the Inland Revenue to form a new dep ...
Durante degli Alighieri, better known as Dante, (c. June 1, 1265 – September 13/14, 1321) was an Italian Florentine poet. His greatest work, La divina commedia (The Divine Comedy), is considered the greatest literary statement produced in Europe in the medieval period, and the basis of the modern Italian language.
Dante Alighieri - Life.
Dante Alighieri - Early history and family.
Dante was born in 1265 and he tells us he was born under the sign of Gemini, ...
A yellow badge, also referred to as a Jewish badge, is a mandatory mark or a piece of cloth of specific geometric shape, worn on the outer garment in order to distinguish a person of certain religion or ethnicity in public. It is traditionally associated with the persecution of Jews. In some countries a badge was accompanied or replaced by identifying garb or hat. In the Middle Ages clothes worn by differen ...
The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 元朝 or 大元帝國) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty, was the name given to the significant ruling family of Borjigin in Asia. It invaded and ruled, during its hundred year life, over the Mongol Empire (stretching from Eastern Europe to the Middle-east to Russia), Korea and China. In the historiography of China, it followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty in China.
Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yu ...
Saint Celestine V, né Pietro Angelerio (according to some sources Angelario or Angelieri or Angelliero or Angeleri), also known as Pietro del Morrone (1215 – May 19, 1296) was pope in the year 1294. He was born in 1215 near Isernia (Molise) (there is no proof to the actual village) as the son of Angelo Angelerio and Maria Leone. He was the eleventh of the twelve children of a family described as "poor but honest, deeply religious peasants". After the father's untimely death he started to work in the fiel ...
