For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. 1290 - Events. 1290 - Europe. March 1 - The University of Coimbra is founded in Lisbon, Portugal by King Denis of Portugal; it moves to Coimbra in 1308. July 18 - King Edward I of England banishes all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from Britain; Jews traditionally hold that this event occurs on Tisha B'Av, a sorrowful Jewish holiday. August 1 - The country of Wallachia is founded (traditional date ...

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1290 - Events
1290 - Europe 1290 - Asia
1290 - Births 1290 - Deaths

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1290, 1290 - Events, 1290 - Europe, 1290 - Asia, 1290 - Births, 1290 - Deaths

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1241 - Events. April 5 - Mongols of Golden Horde under the command of Subotai defeat feudal Polish nobility, including Knights Templar, in the battle of Liegnitz April 27 - Mongols defeat Bela IV of Hungary in the battle of Sajo. 1241 - Births. September 4 - King Alexander III of Scotland (died 1286) Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (died 1290) 1241 - Deaths. April 9 - King Hen ...

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1241 - Events 1241 - Births 1241 - Deaths

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Jew - Jews and migrations. Throughout Jewish history, Jews have repeatedly been directly or indirectly expelled from both their original homeland, and the areas in which they have resided. This experience as both immigrants and emigrants (see: Jewish refugees) have shaped Jewish identity and religious practice in many ways. An incomplete list of such migrations includes: The patriarch Abraham was a migrant to the land of Canaan from Ur of the Chaldees. The Children of Israel experienced the ...

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Jew, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

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The counts of Foix flourished from the 11th to the 15th century. They were at first feudatories of the counts of Toulouse, but soon succeeded in establishing their independence, and during the 13th and 14th centuries the counts of Foix figured among the most powerful of the French feudal nobles. Living on the borders of France, having constant interaction with Navarre, and in frequent communication with England through Gascony and Aquitaine, they were in a position favorable to an assertion of independence, and acted more like the eq ...

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Counts of Foix, Counts of Foix - House of Foix, Counts of Foix - House of Foix-Béarn, Counts of Foix - House of Foix-Grailly, Counts of Foix - Houses of Albret and Bourbon, Counts of Foix - Reference

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There are quite a number of peoples today who cling to the ancient tradition that they are descended from the Jewish Lost Tribes: the tribesmen of Afghanistan, the Mohammedan Berbers of West Africa, and the six million Christian Igbo people of Nigeria. Unquestionably, they all practice certain ancient Hebraic customs and beliefs, which lends some credibility to their fantastic-sounding claims. (cited on p. 217, Pictorial History of t ...

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Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to the controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - Later-day Saints movement, Ten Lost Tribes - Biblical Support of the Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

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For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. 1266 - Events. 1266 - Europe. February 26 - In the Battle of Benevento, an army led by Charles, Count of Anjou, defeats a combined German and Sicilian force led by King Manfred of Sicily. Manfred is killed in the battle and Pope Clement IV invests Charles as king of Sicily and Naples. October - In England, the Second Barons' War winds down as supporters of the slain rebel leader Simon de Montfort make an ...

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1266 - Events
1266 - Europe 1266 - Asia
1266 - Births 1266 - Deaths

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1240s 1250s 1260s - 1270s - 1280s 1290s 1300s 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 The 1280s is the decade starting January 1, 1280 and ending December 31, 1289. Europe in the 1280s was marked by naval warfare on the Mediterranean Sea and consolidation of power by the major states. Ongoing struggles over the control of Sicily provoked lengthy naval warfare: after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion, the French Angevins struggled against Aragon for control of the island. King Rudolph I of G ...

Including:

1280s - War and politics
1280s - Europe 1280s - The Mongol Empire sphere of influence 1280s - The Mamluk Sultanate sphere of influence: the Middle East
1280s - Culture
1280s - Natural events 1280s - Science literature and industry 1280s - Civic laws and institutions 1280s - Art and architecture 1280s - Cities and institutions 1280s - Religion
1280s - Births 1280s - Deaths

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For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. 1271 - Events. 1271 - Europe. July 2 - Kings Otakar II of Bohemia and Stephen V of Hungary sign the first Peace of Pressburg, settling territorial claims following the failed invasion of Hungary by Otakar II. September 1 - Pope Gregory X is elected pope by compromise between French and Italian cardinals, ending a three-year conclave, the longest ever. The County of Toulouse is returned to the cro ...

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1271 - Events
1271 - Europe 1271 - North Africa and the Middle East 1271 - Asia
1271 - Births 1271 - Deaths

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For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. 1283 - Events. 1283 - Europe. June 1 - The young Duke Rudolph II of Austria is forced to yield his claim on the Duchies of Austria and Styria to his elder brother, Albert I of Germany, under the Treaty of Rheinfelden. July 8 - At the naval Battle of Malta at Valletta, an Angevin fleet sent to help put down a rebellion on Malta is defeated by the fleet of Roger of Lauria. October 3 - Death by draw ...

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1283 - Events
1283 - Europe 1283 - Asia
1283 - Births 1283 - Deaths

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Although the details surrounding the life of Beatrice Portinari, pronounced bay'-a-treech-ey, (1266-1290) are subject to much dispute, there is little doubt she was a major influence in Dante Alighieri's life, influencing particularly his works of La Vita Nuova and La Divina Commedia. Beatrice Portinari - Beatrice's relationship with Dante Alighieri. Dante first met Beatrice in Florence, his home city, when he was nine years old and she was eight. This meeting occurred roughly around 1274. She was dr ...

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Beatrice Portinari - Beatrice's relationship with Dante Alighieri Beatrice Portinari - Dante's love for Beatrice Beatrice Portinari - Beatrice's influence on Dante's work

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Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish) was the name by which the Imperial Russia designated the eastern part of the principality of Moldavia annexed by Russia in 1812. The remaining Moldavia united with Wallachia in 1859 in what would become the Kingdom of Romania. In 1918, Bessarabia declared its independence from Russia and at the end of World War I, it united with the Kingdom of Romania. USSR annexed Bessarabia in the beginning of World War II (see Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) and a ...

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Bessarabia - Geography Bessarabia - History
Bessarabia - Ancient times Bessarabia - The Age of the migrations Bessarabia - Principality of Moldavia Bessarabia - Part of Russia Bessarabia - Part of Romania Bessarabia - World War II Bessarabia - Part of the Soviet Union Bessarabia - Rise of the Independent Moldova
Bessarabia - Population Bessarabia - Economy

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Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the English West Midlands. It is commonly considered to be England's "second city" and is the largest of England's core cities. The City of Birmingham has a population of 992,400 (2004 estimate). It also forms part of the large West Midlands conurbation, which has a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census) and includes several neighbouring towns and cities, such as Sutton Coldfield, Solihull, Wolverhampton, the towns of the Black ...

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Birmingham - History Birmingham - Geography Birmingham - Economy Birmingham - Architecture Birmingham - Politics Birmingham - Places of interest Birmingham - Famous residents Birmingham - Transport Birmingham - Education Birmingham - Sport Birmingham - Food & drink Birmingham - Culture and arts
Birmingham - Popular music Birmingham - Classical music Birmingham - Theatre Birmingham - Literature Birmingham - Visual art Birmingham - Festivals and shows Birmingham - Film and media
Birmingham - Science and invention Birmingham - Partner cities

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The Bahri dynasty or Bahriyya Sultante المماليك البحرية was a Mamluk dynasty of Kipchak Turk origin that ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1382 when they were succeeded by the Burji dynasty, another group of Mamluks. Their name means 'of the sea', referring to them ruling from al-Manyal island in the Nile (Bahr al-Nil) off Cairo. In 1250, when the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub died, the Mamluks owned by sultan killed his owner's heir, and the Mamluk general Aybak (who ruled 1250 - 1257) married Shajar al-Dur ...

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Bahri dynasty - List of Bahri Sultans

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August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. August 4 - Events. 1265 - The Battle of Evesham of the Second Barons' War is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of future King Edward I of England defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and killing de Montfort and many of his allies. This is sometimes considered the death of chivalry in England. 1578 - Battle of A ...

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August 4 - Events August 4 - Births August 4 - Deaths August 4 - Holidays and observances

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1284 - War and politics. King Charles II of Naples is captured in a naval battle off Naples by Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon. The Statute of Rhuddlan is created, formally incorporating Wales into England in the entity England and Wales. The Italian city-state of Genoa defeats its rival Pisa in the naval Battle of Meloria, ending Pisa's marine power and hastening the city's decline in power. Stefan Dragutin, king of Serbia, receives Belgrade, Srem, and other ...

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1284 - Events
1284 - War and politics 1284 - Culture
1284 - Births 1284 - Deaths 1284 - In legend

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Durante degli Alighieri, better known as Dante, (c. June 1, 1265 – September 13/14, 1321) was an Italian Florentine poet. His greatest work, La divina commedia (The Divine Comedy), is considered the greatest literary statement produced in Europe in the medieval period, and the basis of the modern Italian language. Dante Alighieri - Life. Dante Alighieri - Early history and family. Dante was born in 1265 and he tells us he was born under the sign of Gemini, ...

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Dante Alighieri - Life
Dante Alighieri - Early history and family Dante Alighieri - Education and poetry Dante Alighieri - Florence and politics Dante Alighieri - Exile and death
Dante Alighieri - Works

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The postal system is a system by which written documents typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages containing other matter, are delivered to destinations around the world. Anything sent through the postal system is called mail or post. In principle, a postal service can be private or official. Restrictions are generally placed on private systems by governments. Since the 19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as government monopolies with a fee on the article prepaid, ...

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Mail - Early postal systems
Mail - Persia Mail - China Mail - Rome Mail - Other systems
Mail - Modern mail
Mail - Organization Mail - Payment Mail - Rules and etiquette Mail - Rise of electronic correspondence Mail - Collecting Mail - Deregulation
Mail - Types of mail
Mail - Letters Mail - Postal cards and postcards Mail - Other
Mail - Famous letters Mail - List of national postal services

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The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. It is widely considered one of the world's most elite universities. Early records indicate that the university grew out of an association of scholars in the city of Cambridge, England, probably formed in 1209 by scholars escaping fr ...

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University of Cambridge - General information University of Cambridge - History University of Cambridge - Research and Teaching University of Cambridge - Admission University of Cambridge - Sports and recreation University of Cambridge - Myths and legends University of Cambridge - Miscellaneous University of Cambridge - Colleges University of Cambridge - Cambridge University in literature & popular culture
University of Cambridge - Fiction University of Cambridge - Non-fiction University of Cambridge - Selected alumni
University of Cambridge - University activities
University of Cambridge - History and traditions University of Cambridge - Societies and leisure activities University of Cambridge - Organisations and institutions associated with the university

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William of Ware (called the Doctor Fundatus; flourished 1290–1305) was a Franciscan friar and theologian, born at Ware in Hertfordshire. He almost certainly studied at Oxford University and lectured on the Sentences of Pierre Lombard there, but he is not listed among the Oxford masters. There is some evidence, but no certainty, that he also taught at the University of Paris, perhaps lecturing there too on the Sentences. He was known as the Doctor Fundatus (established doctor) and less commonly the Doctor Praeclarus (very clear doc ...

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