1271

For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. 1271 - Events. 1271 - Europe. July 2 - Kings Otakar II of Bohemia and Stephen V of Hungary sign the first Peace of Pressburg, settling territorial claims following the failed invasion of Hungary by Otakar II. September 1 - Pope Gregory X is elected pope by compromise between French and Italian cardinals, ending a three-year conclave, the longest ever. The County of Toulouse is returned to the cro ...

Including:

• 1271 - Events
• 1271 - Europe
• 1271 - North Africa and the Middle East
• 1271 - Asia
• 1271 - Births
• 1271 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1271: Encyclopedia - 1271

1271 - Europe. July 2 - Kings Otakar II of Bohemia and Stephen V of Hungary sign the first Peace of Pressburg, settling territorial claims following the failed invasion of Hungary by Otakar II. September 1 - Pope Gregory X is elected pope by compromise between French and Italian cardinals, ending a three-year conclave, the longest ever. The County of Toulouse is returned to the crown of France. Marco Polo departs from Venice with his father and uncle on his famous journey to Kubla ...

See also:

1271, 1271 - Events, 1271 - Europe, 1271 - North Africa and the Middle East, 1271 - Asia, 1271 - Births, 1271 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1271: Encyclopedia II - 1271 - Events

1247 - Events. Shams ad-Din disappears resulting in Jalal Uddin Rumi writing 30,000 verses of poetry about his disappearance. Romford, London, England is chartered as a market town. Bedlam becomes part of London. Thuringian War of Succession begins. Ch'in Chiu-Shao publishes the original form of the Chinese remainder theorem. Pope Innocent IV sends missionaries to attempt to convert the Mongols. Egypt takes control of Jerusalem from the Kharezmians. ...

Including:

• 1247 - Events
• 1247 - Births
• 1247 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1247: Encyclopedia - 1247

Cremona - Ancient city. Cremona was originally a settlement of the Cenomani, a Gaul tribe. The today's city was founded in 218 BC by the Romans as a military outpost (castrum), together with the twin city of Piacenza. It quickly grew into one of the largest towns in northern Italy, as it was on the main road connecting Genoa to Aquileia, the Via Posthumia. In 40 BC the heirs of the veterans who had sided with Marcus Iunius Brutus and the Senate forfeited their lands to Augustus' men. The city's prosperity ...

See also:

Cremona, Cremona - History, Cremona - Ancient city, Cremona - The city in the High Middle Ages, Cremona - Cremona as a Commune, Cremona - The Seignory, Cremona - Foreign occupations, Cremona - Economy, Cremona - Music, Cremona - Sport, Cremona - Main monuments, Cremona - Notable people born in Cremona

Read more here: » Cremona: Encyclopedia II - Cremona - History

The Comtat Venaissin, often called the Comtat for short, is the former name of the region around the city of Avignon in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. It comprised roughly the area between the Rhône, the Durance and Mont Ventoux, with a small exclave located to the north around the town of Valréas. The entire region was an enclave within the Kingdom of France. Avignon itself was, however, never part of the Comtat but constituted a separate comtat (county) in its own ...

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Borjigin was the family name of Genghis Khan and his family. The family ruled over a united Mongol Empire in the 13th century as head of the Grand Khanate. In 1271, Kublai Khan—who, as a direct descendent of Genghis, also carried the name—established the Yuan Dynasty in China, finally taking full control of China in 1279. The family continued to rule over the Mongol Empire, China, and other parts of Asia for much of the following century. In 1368, under Emperor Huizong of Yuan China, the dynasty lost the country. Members of the family continu ...

Including:

• Borjigin - Modern relevance

Read more here: » Borjigin: Encyclopedia - Borjigin

The Coptic Orthodox Church is a member of the Oriental Orthodox churches, not to be mistaken with the Eastern Orthodox group of churches. The Coptic Orthodox Chruch has its own Pope and Patriarch, whom is currently His Holiness Pope Shenouda III, Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and the See of St. Mark. The following is a list of all the Popes who have held led the Coptic Orthodox Church since the Council of Chalcedon. For the earlier Patriarchs of Alexandria prior to the schism, see List of Patriarchs of Alexandr ...

Read more here: » List of Coptic Popes: Encyclopedia - List of Coptic Popes

This article is about the city of Cremona. For the Italian mathematician see Luigi Cremona. Cremona is a city in Northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left shore of the Po river in the middle of the Pianura padana (Po valley). It is a small city and the capital of the province of Cremona. Cremona - History. Cremona - Ancient city. Cremona was originally a settlement of the Cenomani, a Gaul tribe. The today's city was founded in 218 BC by the Romans as ...

Including:

• Cremona - History
• Cremona - Ancient city
• Cremona - The city in the High Middle Ages
• Cremona - Cremona as a Commune
• Cremona - The Seignory
• Cremona - Foreign occupations
• Cremona - Economy
• Cremona - Music
• Cremona - Sport
• Cremona - Main monuments
• Cremona - Notable people born in Cremona

Read more here: » Cremona: Encyclopedia - Cremona

Nichiren (日蓮) (February 16, 1222 – October 13, 1282), born Zennichimaro (善日麿), later Zeshō-bō Renchō (是生房蓮長), and finally Nichiren (日蓮), was a Buddhist monk of 13th century Japan. A controversial figure during his lifetime, he is founder of Nichiren Buddhism, a major Japanese Buddhist stream encompassing several schools of often widely conflicting doctrine. Nichiren - Lifetime. Nichiren - Birth education initial teaching. Nichiren was b ...

Including:

• Nichiren - Lifetime
• Nichiren - Birth education initial teaching
• Nichiren - First remonstration and early years of teaching
• Nichiren - Turning point
• Nichiren - Retirement to Mt. Minobu
• Nichiren - Completion of mission in this world
• Nichiren - No known documentary evidence by Nichiren that he inscribed the Dai-Gohonzon
• Nichiren - Passing
• Nichiren - Writings
• Nichiren - Nichiren's teachings after his passing
• Nichiren - Posthumous names and titles of respect
• Nichiren - Addenda
• Nichiren - Related articles
• Nichiren - Sources
• Nichiren - References
• Nichiren - External links
• Nichiren - Notes

Read more here: » Nichiren: Encyclopedia - Nichiren

The Crusades were a series of several military campaigns—usually sanctioned by the Papacy—that took place during the 11th through 13th centuries. Originally, they were Roman Catholic endeavors to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims, but some were directed against other Europeans, such as the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople, the Albigensian Crusade against the Ca ...

Including:

• The Crusades - Historical background
• The Crusades - Historical context
• The Crusades - The major crusades
• The Crusades - First Crusade
• The Crusades - Second Crusade
• The Crusades - Third Crusade
• The Crusades - Fourth Crusade
• The Crusades - Albigensian Crusade
• The Crusades - Children's Crusade
• The Crusades - Fifth Crusade
• The Crusades - Sixth Crusade
• The Crusades - Crusade versus the Stedingers
• The Crusades - Seventh Crusade
• The Crusades - Eighth Crusade
• The Crusades - Ninth Crusade
• The Crusades - Crusades in Baltic and Central Europe
• The Crusades - Crusade legacy
• The Crusades - Europe
• The Crusades - Islamic world
• The Crusades - Jewish community
• The Crusades - The Caucasus
• The Crusades - Usage of the term crusade
• The Crusades - Popular reputation
• The Crusades - Eastern Orthodoxy
• The Crusades - References and further reading

Read more here: » The Crusades: Encyclopedia - The Crusades

For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. 1279 - Events. 1279 - Europe. March 5 - Lithuanian forces led by Traidenis defeat the Teutonic Knights in the Battle of Aizkraukle. The first of the Statutes of Mortmain are passed under king Edward I of England, which prevents land from passing into possession of the church. The second of two main surveys of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book completed ...

Including:

• 1279 - Events
• 1279 - Europe
• 1279 - Asia
• 1279 - Births
• 1279 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1279: Encyclopedia - 1279

For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. 1290 - Events. 1290 - Europe. March 1 - The University of Coimbra is founded in Lisbon, Portugal by King Denis of Portugal; it moves to Coimbra in 1308. July 18 - King Edward I of England banishes all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from Britain; Jews traditionally hold that this event occurs on Tisha B'Av, a sorrowful Jewish holiday. August 1 - The country of Wallachia is founded (traditional date ...

Including:

• 1290 - Events
• 1290 - Europe
• 1290 - Asia
• 1290 - Births
• 1290 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1290: Encyclopedia - 1290

Viterbo is an ancient town and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of Viterbo province. It is approximately 100 kilometers (60 mi) north of Rome on the Via Cassia, and it is surrounded by the Monti Cimini and Monti Volsini. Apart from agriculture, the main resources of Viterbo's area are pottery, marble and wood. The town also hosts the Italian gold reserves, an important Academy of Fine Arts, the University of Tuscia and is located in a wide thermal area attracting many tourist from the whole c ...

Including:

• Viterbo - History
• Viterbo - Landmarks
• Viterbo - Patron Saints
• Viterbo - La Macchina di Santa Rosa
• Viterbo - Stampate

Read more here: » Viterbo: Encyclopedia - Viterbo

The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 元朝 or 大元帝國) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty, was the name given to the significant ruling family of Borjigin in Asia. It invaded and ruled, during its hundred year life, over the Mongol Empire (stretching from Eastern Europe to the Middle-east to Russia), Korea and China. In the historiography of China, it followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty in China. Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yu ...

Including:

• Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan
• Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire
• Yuan Dynasty - Aspirations to China
• Yuan Dynasty - Northern Conquest
• Yuan Dynasty - Golden Age of the Yuan
• Yuan Dynasty - Establishment of the Yuan
• Yuan Dynasty - Early Rule
• Yuan Dynasty - Impact
• Yuan Dynasty - Downfall of the Yuan
• Yuan Dynasty - Civil Unrest
• Yuan Dynasty - Loss of China
• Yuan Dynasty - Northern Yuan

Read more here: » Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Yuan Dynasty

April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). There are 268 days remaining. April 7 - Events. 529 - first draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I 1348 - Charles University is founded in Prague. 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Cebu 1541 - Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies. 1655 - Fab ...

Including:

• April 7 - Events
• April 7 - Births
• April 7 - Deaths
• April 7 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 7: Encyclopedia - April 7

Tver (Russian: Тверь) is a city in Russia, an administrative center of Tver Oblast. Formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and the model provinical town of Imperial Russia, it has a population of 453,000 (as of 2003). Tver is located at 56°52′N 35°55′E, at the confluence of Volga and Tvertsa rivers. The city was known as Kalinin (Калинин) from 1931 to 1990. Tver - Medieval origins. The first written record of Tver is dated 1164. Origin ...

Including:

• Tver - Medieval origins
• Tver - Grand princedom
• Tver - Later history

Read more here: » Tver: Encyclopedia - Tver

Charles of Anjou (1227–1285), also Charles I of Sicily. He was King of Sicily 1262–1282 (and under that title, King of Naples 1282–1285), King of Albania 1272–1285, King of Jerusalem 1277–1285, Prince of Achaea 1278–1285, Count of Provence and Forcalquier 1246–1285, and Count of Anjou and Maine 1247–1285. He was the posthumous son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile, and hence brother to Louis IX of France and Alphonse of Toulouse. He conquered the Kingdom of Sicily from the Hohenstaufen in 1266 and began to ...

Including:

• Charles I of Sicily - Biography
• Charles I of Sicily - Early Life
• Charles I of Sicily - Marriage and Children
• Charles I of Sicily - Accession in Provence
• Charles I of Sicily - Seventh Crusade and Return
• Charles I of Sicily - Wider Ambitions
• Charles I of Sicily - Conquest of Sicily
• Charles I of Sicily - Ambitions in the Latin Empire
• Charles I of Sicily - Eighth Crusade
• Charles I of Sicily - Conquest of Albania and Genoese War
• Charles I of Sicily - Breakdown of the Union
• Charles I of Sicily - Sicilian Vespers
• Charles I of Sicily - War with Aragon
• Charles I of Sicily - Death and legacy

Read more here: » Charles I of Sicily: Encyclopedia - Charles I of Sicily

Caerphilly Castle is a Norman castle that dominates the centre of the town of Caerphilly in south Wales. It is the largest castle in Wales, the second largest in Britain (second to Windsor castle) and is one of the largest fortresses in Europe. Built mainly between 1268 and 1271, it is an early example of a concentric castle and is surrounded by large but fairly shallow artificial lakes to ...

Read more here: » Caerphilly Castle: Encyclopedia - Caerphilly Castle

The so-called Age of Discovery was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century, during which European ships traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners to feed burgeoning capitalism in Europe. In the process, Europeans encountered peoples and mapped lands previously unknown to them. Among the most famous explorers of the period were Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Pedro Álvares Cabral, John Cabo ...

Including:

• Age of Discovery - Exploration by land
• Age of Discovery - Exploration begins in Portugal
• Age of Discovery - Discovery of the Americas
• Age of Discovery - Decline of the Portuguese monopoly
• Age of Discovery - Northern European involvement
• Age of Discovery - Conquest of Siberia
• Age of Discovery - Effect on Europe
• Age of Discovery - End of the Age of Exploration

Read more here: » Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia - Age of Discovery

August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 132 days remaining. August 21 - Events. 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the de facto ruler of Japan. (Traditional Japanese date: July 12, 1192) 1680 - Pueblo Indians capture Santa Fe from Spanish during the Pueblo Revolt 1770 - James Cook formally claims eastern Australia for Great Britain, naming it New South Wales. 17 ...

Including:

• August 21 - Events
• August 21 - Births
• August 21 - Deaths
• August 21 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 21: Encyclopedia - August 21