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126 BCE | A Wisdom Archive on 126 BCE | | 126 BCE A selection of articles related to 126 BCE | |
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126 BCE
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 126 BCE | | | |  126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Parthia - GovernmentAfter the conquest of Media, Assyria, Babylonia and Elam, the Parthians had to organize their empire. The former elites of these countries were Greek, and the new rulers had to adapt to their customs if they wanted their rule to last. As a result, the cities retained their ancient rights and civil administrations remained more or less undisturbed. An interesting detail is coinage: legends were written in the Greek alphabet, a practice that continued until the 2nd century CE, when local knowledge of the language was in decline and few people knew ho ...
See also:Parthia, Parthia - Origins, Parthia - The Parthian Empire, Parthia - Government, Parthia - Contact with China, Parthia - Conflicts with Rome, Parthia - Expansion to India, Parthia - Decline and fall, Parthia - Parthian rulers, Parthia - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthia: Encyclopedia II - Parthia - Government |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - The Euthydemid dynasty 230 BCE Euthydemus overthrew Diodotus II around 230 BCE and started his dynasty. Euthydemus's control extended to Sogdiana, reaching and going beyond the city of Alexandria Eschate founded by Alexander the Great in Ferghana.
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Conflict with the Seleucid empire and Parthia.
Euthydemus was attacked by the Seleucid ruler Antiochus III around 210 BCE. Although he commanded 10,000 horsemen, Euthydemus initially lost a battle on the Arius [4] and had to ret ...
See also:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Independence from the Seleucid Empire 250 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - The Euthydemid dynasty 230 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Conflict with the Seleucid empire and Parthia, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Greek culture in Bactria, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Geographic expansion, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Contacts with Eastern Central Asia and China, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Contacts with India 250–180, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Expansion into India after 180 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Usurpation of Eucratides, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Defeat against Parthia, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Nomadic invasions, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - First Yueh-Chih expansion c. 162 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Second Yueh-Chih expansion c. 120 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Main Greco-Bactrian kings and territories, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - House of Diodotus, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - House of Euthydemus, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - House of Eucratides, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Greco-Bactrian Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - The Euthydemid dynasty 230 BCE |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Economy Very little is known about the economy of the Indo-Greeks. The abundance of their coins would tend to suggest large mining operations, particularly in the mountainous area of the Hindu-Kush, and an important monetary economy. The Indo-Greek did strike bilingual coins both in the Greek "round" standard and in the Indian "square" standard, suggesting that monetary circulation extended to all parts of society. The adoption of Indo-Greek monetary conventions by neighbouring kingdoms, such as the Kunindas to the east and the Satavahanas to the south, would also suggest that Indo-Greek coins ...
See also:Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Early History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Evidence of the initial invasion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Consolidation and rise of Menander I, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Bactrian invasions against Indo-Greek Kingdoms, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Culture, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Zoroastrianism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greeks in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Economy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Armed forces, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Later History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Enduring legacy of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art and religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Astronomy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Military role, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Linguistic legacy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Influence of Indo-Greek coinage, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Genetic contribution, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Greco-Roman exchanges with India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - List of the Indo-Greek kings and their territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Indo-Greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Economy |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Armed forces The coins of the Indo-Greeks provide rich clues on their uniforms and weapons. Typical Hellenistic uniforms are depicted, with helmets being either round in the Greco-Bactrian style, or the flat kausia of the Macedonians (coins of Apollodotus I).
Their weapons were spears, swords, longbow (on the coins of Agathokleia) and arrows. Interestingly, around 130 BCE the Central Asian recurve bow of the steppes with its gorytos box starts to appear for the first time on the coins of Zoilos I, suggesting strong interactions (and apparently an ...
See also:Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Early History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Evidence of the initial invasion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Consolidation and rise of Menander I, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Bactrian invasions against Indo-Greek Kingdoms, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Culture, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Zoroastrianism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greeks in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Economy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Armed forces, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Later History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Enduring legacy of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art and religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Astronomy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Military role, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Linguistic legacy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Influence of Indo-Greek coinage, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Genetic contribution, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Greco-Roman exchanges with India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - List of the Indo-Greek kings and their territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Indo-Greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Armed forces |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Later History
Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories.
After around 100 BCE, Indian kings recovered the area of Mathura and Eastern Punjab east of the Ravi River, and started to mint their own coins. The Arjunayanas (area of Mathura) and Yaudheyas mention military victories on their coins ("Victory of the Arjunayanas", "Victory of the Yaudheyas"). During the 1st century BCE, the Trigartas, Audumbaras and finally the Kunindas (closest to Punjab) also started to mint their own coins, usually ...
See also:Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Early History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Evidence of the initial invasion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Consolidation and rise of Menander I, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Bactrian invasions against Indo-Greek Kingdoms, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Culture, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Zoroastrianism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greeks in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Economy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Armed forces, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Later History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Enduring legacy of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art and religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Astronomy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Military role, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Linguistic legacy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Influence of Indo-Greek coinage, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Genetic contribution, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Greco-Roman exchanges with India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - List of the Indo-Greek kings and their territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Indo-Greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Later History |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Enduring legacy of the Indo-Greek Kingdom From the 1st century CE, the Greek communities of central Asia and northwestern India lived under the control of the Kushan branch of the Yuezhi, apart from a short-lived invasion of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom. The Kushans founded the Kushan Empire, which was to prosper for several centuries. In the south, the Greeks were under the rule of the Western Kshatrapas.
It is unclear how much longer the Greeks managed to maintain a distinct presence in the Indian su ...
See also:Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Early History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Evidence of the initial invasion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Consolidation and rise of Menander I, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Bactrian invasions against Indo-Greek Kingdoms, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Culture, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Zoroastrianism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greeks in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Economy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Armed forces, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Later History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Enduring legacy of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art and religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Astronomy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Military role, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Linguistic legacy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Influence of Indo-Greek coinage, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Genetic contribution, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Greco-Roman exchanges with India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - List of the Indo-Greek kings and their territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Indo-Greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Enduring legacy of the Indo-Greek Kingdom |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art
Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art.
Main article: Greco-Buddhist art
In general, the art of the Indo-Greeks is poorly documented, and few works of art (apart from their coins and a few stone palettes) are directly attributed to them. Traditionally, no sculptural remains have been attributed to the Indo-Greeks, although their Hellenistic heritage and artistic proficiency would naturally have encouraged such creations (as neighbouring and contemporary Ai-Khanoum abundantly suggests). On ...
See also:Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Early History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Evidence of the initial invasion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Consolidation and rise of Menander I, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Bactrian invasions against Indo-Greek Kingdoms, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Culture, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Zoroastrianism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greeks in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Economy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Armed forces, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Later History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Enduring legacy of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art and religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Astronomy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Military role, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Linguistic legacy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Influence of Indo-Greek coinage, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Genetic contribution, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Greco-Roman exchanges with India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - List of the Indo-Greek kings and their territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Indo-Greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Culture Buddhism flourished under the Indo-Greek kings, and it has been suggested that their invasion of India was intended to show their support for the philhellenic Mauryan empire, and to protect the Buddhist faith from the religious persecutions of the Sungas.
Demetrius, who organized the invasion, was named Dharmamita ("Friend of the Dharma") in the Indian text of the Yuga-Purana. The city of Sirkap founded by Demetrius combines Greek and Indian influences without ...
See also:Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Early History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Evidence of the initial invasion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Consolidation and rise of Menander I, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Bactrian invasions against Indo-Greek Kingdoms, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Culture, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Zoroastrianism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greeks in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Economy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Armed forces, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Later History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Enduring legacy of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art and religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Astronomy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Military role, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Linguistic legacy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Influence of Indo-Greek coinage, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Genetic contribution, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Greco-Roman exchanges with India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - List of the Indo-Greek kings and their territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Indo-Greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Culture |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Scythians - Indo-Scythians in Ancient Indian Litterature The Indo-Scythians were named "Shaka" in India, an extension on the name Saka used by the Persians to designate Scythians. From the time of the Mahabharata wars (1500-500 BCE) Shakas receive numerous mentions in texts like the Puranas, the Manusmriti, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the Mahabhasiya of Patanjali, the Brhat Samhita of Vraha Mihira, the Kavyamimamsa, the Brihat-Katha-Manjari, the Katha-Saritsagara and several other old texts. They are described as part of an amalgam of o ...
See also:Indo-Scythians, Indo-Scythians - Origins, Indo-Scythians - Indo-Scythian kingdoms, Indo-Scythians - Abiria to Surastrene, Indo-Scythians - Gandhara and Punjab, Indo-Scythians - Mathura, Indo-Scythians - Kushan and Indo-Parthian conquests, Indo-Scythians - Western Kshatrapas legacy, Indo-Scythians - The Indo-Scythians and Buddhism, Indo-Scythians - Mathura lion capital, Indo-Scythians - Coinage, Indo-Scythians - Indo-Scythians in Ancient Indian Litterature, Indo-Scythians - Degraded Kshatriyas from the northwest, Indo-Scythians - Invasion of India 180 BCE onward, Indo-Scythians - Extinction in the 5th century CE, Indo-Scythians - Main Indo-Scythian rulers Read more here: » Indo-Scythians: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Scythians - Indo-Scythians in Ancient Indian Litterature |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Usurpation of Eucratides Back in Bactria, Eucratides, either a general of Demetrius or an ally of the Seleucids, managed to overthrow the Euthydemid dynasty and establish his own rule around 170 BCE, probably dethroning Antimachus I and Antimachus II. The Indian branch of the Euthydemids tried to strike back. An Indian king called Demetrius (very likely Demetrius II) is said to have returned to Bactria with 60,000 men to oust the usurper, but he apparently was defeated and killed in the encounter:
"Eucratides led many wars with great courage, and, wh ...
See also:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Independence from the Seleucid Empire 250 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - The Euthydemid dynasty 230 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Conflict with the Seleucid empire and Parthia, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Greek culture in Bactria, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Geographic expansion, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Contacts with Eastern Central Asia and China, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Contacts with India 250–180, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Expansion into India after 180 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Usurpation of Eucratides, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Defeat against Parthia, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Nomadic invasions, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - First Yueh-Chih expansion c. 162 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Second Yueh-Chih expansion c. 120 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Main Greco-Bactrian kings and territories, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - House of Diodotus, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - House of Euthydemus, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - House of Eucratides, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Greco-Bactrian Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Usurpation of Eucratides |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Early History Local turmoil preceded the invasion of northern India undertaken by Demetrius, son of the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus, circa 180 BCE. General Pusyamitra Sunga had destroyed the ruling Mauryan King and had recently founded the Sunga dynasty (185–78 BCE). Written evidence of the initial Greek invasion survives in the Greek writings of Strabo and in Sanskrit in the records of Patanjali, Kālidāsa, and in the Yuga Parana, among others. Coins and architectural evidence also att ...
See also:Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Early History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Evidence of the initial invasion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Consolidation and rise of Menander I, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Bactrian invasions against Indo-Greek Kingdoms, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Culture, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Zoroastrianism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greeks in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Economy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Armed forces, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Later History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Enduring legacy of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art and religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Astronomy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Military role, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Linguistic legacy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Influence of Indo-Greek coinage, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Genetic contribution, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Greco-Roman exchanges with India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - List of the Indo-Greek kings and their territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Indo-Greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Early History |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Independence from the Seleucid Empire 250 BCE The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was founded around 250 BCE when the Seleucid military governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana, named Diodotus (Theodotos), wrestled independence for his territory from the Seleucid Empire:
Theodotus, the governor of the thousand cities of Bactria (Latin: "Theodotus, mille urbium Bactrianarum praefectus"), defected and proclaimed himself king; all the other people of the Orient followed his example and seceded from ...
See also:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Independence from the Seleucid Empire 250 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - The Euthydemid dynasty 230 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Conflict with the Seleucid empire and Parthia, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Greek culture in Bactria, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Geographic expansion, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Contacts with Eastern Central Asia and China, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Contacts with India 250–180, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Expansion into India after 180 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Usurpation of Eucratides, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Defeat against Parthia, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Nomadic invasions, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - First Yueh-Chih expansion c. 162 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Second Yueh-Chih expansion c. 120 BCE, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Main Greco-Bactrian kings and territories, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - House of Diodotus, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - House of Euthydemus, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - House of Eucratides, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Greco-Bactrian Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Bactrian Kingdom - Independence from the Seleucid Empire 250 BCE |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Scythian and Kushan invasions From 130 BCE, Indo-European nomads (the Scythians and then the Yuezhi) started to invade Bactria from the north. In 125 BCE the Greco-Bactrian king Heliocles abandoned Bactria and moved his capital to the Kabul valley, from where he ruled his Indian holdings.
While the Yuezhi were to stay in Bactria for more than a century, the Scythians went on to the south-east into northern Pakistan to form Indo-Scythian kingdoms, se ...
See also:Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Historical outline, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Occupation of Northern India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Consolidation, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - The Indo-Greeks and Indian culture, Indo-Greek Kingdom - The Indo-Greeks and Buddhism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - The conversion of Menander, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhist proselytism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhist symbolism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Representation of the Buddha, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - The Indo-Greeks and other faiths, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Zoroastrianism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greeks in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Scythian and Kushan invasions, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Aftermaths, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art and religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Astronomy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Military role, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Linguistic legacy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Influence of Indo-Greek coinage, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Genetic contribution, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Greco-Roman exchanges with India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Main Indo-Greek kings timeline and territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greek princelets Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Indo-Greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Scythian and Kushan invasions |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - Settlement in Transoxiana The Yuezhi were visited by a Chinese mission, led by Zhang Qian in 126 BCE, that was seeking an offensive alliance with the Yuezhi to counter the Xiongnu threat to the north. Although the request for an alliance was denied by the son of the slain Yuezhi king, who preferred to maintain peace in Transoxiana rather than to seek revenge, Zhang Qian made a detailed account, reported in the Shiji, that gives a lot of insi ...
See also:Yuezhi, Yuezhi - Origins, Yuezhi - The Yuezhi exodus, Yuezhi - Settlement in Transoxiana, Yuezhi - Invasion of Bactria, Yuezhi - Expansion into the Hindu-Kush, Yuezhi - Founders of the Kushan empire, Yuezhi - Yuezhi monarchs Read more here: » Yuezhi: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - Settlement in Transoxiana |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - The Yuezhi exodus The Yuezhi sometimes practiced the exchange of hostages with the Xiongnu, and at one time were hosts to Maodun (Ch:冒頓), son of the Xiongnu leader. Maodun stole a horse and escaped when the Yuezhi tried to kill him in retaliation for an attack by his father. Maodun subsequently became ruler of the Xiongnu after killing his father.
Around 177 BCE, led by one of Maodun's tribal chiefs, the Xiongnu invaded Yuezhi territory in the Gansu region and achieved a crushing victory. Maodun boasted in a letter to the Han emperor that due to "t ...
See also:Yuezhi, Yuezhi - Origins, Yuezhi - The Yuezhi exodus, Yuezhi - Settlement in Transoxiana, Yuezhi - Invasion of Bactria, Yuezhi - Expansion into the Hindu-Kush, Yuezhi - Founders of the Kushan empire, Yuezhi - Yuezhi monarchs Read more here: » Yuezhi: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - The Yuezhi exodus |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - Invasion of Bactria Some time after 126 BCE, possibly disturbed by further incursions of rivals from the north, and apparently vanquished by the Parthian king Mithridates II, the Yuezhi moved south to Bactria. Bactria had been conquered by the Macedonians under Alexander the Great in 330 BCE, and since settled by the Hellenistic civilization of the Seleucids and the Greco-Bactrians for two centuries.
This event is recorded in Classical Greek sources, when Strabo presented them as a Scythian tribe, and explained that the Tokharians -- together with the As ...
See also:Yuezhi, Yuezhi - Origins, Yuezhi - The Yuezhi exodus, Yuezhi - Settlement in Transoxiana, Yuezhi - Invasion of Bactria, Yuezhi - Expansion into the Hindu-Kush, Yuezhi - Founders of the Kushan empire, Yuezhi - Yuezhi monarchs Read more here: » Yuezhi: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - Invasion of Bactria |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - Expansion into the Hindu-Kush The area of the Hindu-Kush (Paropamisadae) was ruled by the western Indo-Greek king until the reign of Hermaeus (reigned c. 90–70 BCE). After that date, no Indo-Greek kings are known in the area, which was probably overtaken by the neighbouring Yuezhi, who had been in relation with the Greeks for a long time. According to Bopearachchi, no trace of Indo-Scythians occupation (nor coins of major Indo-Scythian rulers such as Maues or Azes I) ha ...
See also:Yuezhi, Yuezhi - Origins, Yuezhi - The Yuezhi exodus, Yuezhi - Settlement in Transoxiana, Yuezhi - Invasion of Bactria, Yuezhi - Expansion into the Hindu-Kush, Yuezhi - Founders of the Kushan empire, Yuezhi - Yuezhi monarchs Read more here: » Yuezhi: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - Expansion into the Hindu-Kush |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - Founders of the Kushan empire By the end of the 1st century BCE, one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi, the Kui-Shan (Ch: 貴霜, Guishang, origin of name Kushan adopted in the West), managed to take control of the Yuezhi confederation. From that point, the Yuezhi extended their control over the northwestern area of the Indian subcontinent, founding the Kushan Empire, which was to rule the region for several centuries. The Yuezhi came to be known as Kushan among Western civilizations, however the Chinese kept calling them Yuezhi throughout thei ...
See also:Yuezhi, Yuezhi - Origins, Yuezhi - The Yuezhi exodus, Yuezhi - Settlement in Transoxiana, Yuezhi - Invasion of Bactria, Yuezhi - Expansion into the Hindu-Kush, Yuezhi - Founders of the Kushan empire, Yuezhi - Yuezhi monarchs Read more here: » Yuezhi: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - Founders of the Kushan empire |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Decline and fall The Armenian compromise served its purpose, but nothing in it covered the deposition of an Armenian king. After 110 CE, the Parthian king Vologases III dethroned the Armenian ruler, and the Roman emperor Trajan decided to invade Parthia in retaliation. War broke out in 114 CE and the Parthians were severely beaten. The Romans conquered Armenia, and in the following year, Trajan marched to the south, where the Parthians were forced to evacuate their strongholds. In 116 CE, Trajan captured Ctesiphon, and ...
See also:Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Origins, Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Government, Parthian Empire - Contact with China, Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome, Parthian Empire - Expansion to India, Parthian Empire - Decline and fall, Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers, Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Decline and fall |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Expansion to India Main article:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
Also during the 1st century BCE, the Parthians started to make inroads into eastern territories that had been occupied by the Indo-Scythians and the Yuezhi. The Parthians gained control of parts of Bactria and extensive territories in northern India, after defeating local rulers such as the Kushan Empire ruler Kujula Kadphises, in the Gandhara region.
Around 20 CE, Gondophares, one of the Parthian conquerors, declared his independence from the Parthian empire and established t ...
See also:Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Origins, Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Government, Parthian Empire - Contact with China, Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome, Parthian Empire - Expansion to India, Parthian Empire - Decline and fall, Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers, Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Expansion to India |
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| | | | | 126 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire Initially, ca. 250 BCE, a king named Arsaces established his dynasty's independence from Seleucid rule in remote areas of northern Iran in what is today known as Turkmenistan, where his descendants of the same name ruled until Antiochus III the Great briefly made them submit to Seleucid authority again in 206 BCE.
It was not until the 2nd century BCE that the Parthians were able to profit from the continuing erosion of the Seleucid Empire, gradually capturing all its territories east of Syria. Once the Parthians had gained Herat, the ...
See also:Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Origins, Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Government, Parthian Empire - Contact with China, Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome, Parthian Empire - Expansion to India, Parthian Empire - Decline and fall, Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers, Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire |
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