For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. 1262 - Events. King Mindaugas of Lithuania renounces Christianity, returning to his pagan roots and reverting to Grand Duke of Lithuania. The Icelandic Commonwealth enters into a treaty establishing a union with Norway and acknowledges Norwegian King Haakon IV as its ruler. Strasbourg becomes an Imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire. King Henry III of England obtains a papal bull releasing him from the Provisi ...

Including:

• 1262 - Events
• 1262 - Births
• 1262 - Deaths

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Location within Spain Cádiz is a coastal city in southwestern Spain and part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the capital of the province of Cádiz. According to the 2004 census, the population of Cádiz proper is 133,242, while the population of the entire urban area is estimated to be 629,054. The city is located on a peninsula protruding into the Bay of Cádiz, part of much larger Gulf of Cádiz. Cádiz is of typical Andalusian character. The old part of Cádiz, commonly referred to as the Old C ...

Including:

• Cádiz - History
• Cádiz - Major Landmarks
• Cádiz - Cathedral
• Cádiz - Gran Teatro Falla
• Cádiz - Ayuntamiento
• Cádiz - Torre Tavira
• Cádiz - Las Puertas de Tierra
• Cádiz - Pylons of Cádiz
• Cádiz - Beaches
• Cádiz - La Playa de la Caleta
• Cádiz - La Playa de la Victoria
• Cádiz - La Playa de Santa María del Mar
• Cádiz - Others
• Cádiz - See Also

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Wrocław, ([:vrɔʦwaf], German Breslau, Czech Vratislav, Latin Wratislavia; many Polish documents in English use the spelling Wroclaw) is the capital of Lower Silesia in southwestern Poland, situated on the Oder River (Odra). As of 2004, the city's population was estimated to be 638,000. It is the principal city of the Lower Silesia region and the administrative seat of the Lower Silesian Voivodship (since 1999), previously of Wrocław Voivo ...

Including:

• Wrocław - City's name
• Wrocław - History
• Wrocław - Significant events in the 20th century
• Wrocław - Historical population
• Wrocław - Administrative division
• Wrocław - Prominent people from Wrocław
• Wrocław - Nobel Prize laureates from Wrocław
• Wrocław - Education
• Wrocław - Economy and transportation
• Wrocław - Economy
• Wrocław - Major corporations
• Wrocław - Politics
• Wrocław - Wrocław constituency
• Wrocław - Municipal politics
• Wrocław - Sports
• Wrocław - Men's professional teams
• Wrocław - Women's professional teams
• Wrocław - Amateur teams
• Wrocław - Notable places and buildings
• Wrocław - Books

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Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence • Theology Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Politi ...

Including:

• Caliph - Origins of the caliphate
• Caliph - Succession to Muhammad
• Caliph - The authority of the caliph
• Caliph - The history of the caliphate
• Caliph - How the Caliphate came to an end
• Caliph - Reasons for the fall and continuing dormancy of the Caliphate
• Caliph - Famous caliphs
• Caliph - Dynasties
• Caliph - Claims to the caliphate
• Caliph - Lists of Caliphal dynasties and seats
• Caliph - The Rashidun Righteously Guided
• Caliph - The Umayyads of Damascus
• Caliph - The Abbasids of Baghdad
• Caliph - The Abbasid branch of Cairo
• Caliph - The Ottoman Padishahs
• Caliph - The secular Republic of Turkey
• Caliph - The Sharifan house in now Saudi Arabia
• Caliph - Sources and references

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Berke was the ruler of the Golden Horde from 1257 to 1266, in the aftermath of the reign of his brother Batu. Berke was one of the sons of Jochi, himself the eldest son of Genghis Khan. In 1235, Berke joined his brothers Orda, Sinkur, and Siban and an assortment of cousins under the leadership of Batu. The vast army, comprising some 150,000 soldiers, marched from Siberia and into the territory of the Bulgars and Kipchaks, whom they subdued. Next they devastated the principalities of Ryazan and Suzd ...

Including:

• Berke - Sources

Read more here: » Berke: Encyclopedia - Berke

August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. August 27 - Events. 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan commander of the Greek army in the Battle of Plataea. Along the with the Greek victory on the same day in the Battle of Mycale, the Persian invasion of Greece ended. 55 BC - Julius Caesar lands in Britain for the first time. AD 410 - Visigo ...

Including:

• August 27 - Events
• August 27 - Births
• August 27 - Deaths
• August 27 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 27: Encyclopedia - August 27

For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. 1290 - Events. 1290 - Europe. March 1 - The University of Coimbra is founded in Lisbon, Portugal by King Denis of Portugal; it moves to Coimbra in 1308. July 18 - King Edward I of England banishes all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from Britain; Jews traditionally hold that this event occurs on Tisha B'Av, a sorrowful Jewish holiday. August 1 - The country of Wallachia is founded (traditional date ...

Including:

• 1290 - Events
• 1290 - Europe
• 1290 - Asia
• 1290 - Births
• 1290 - Deaths

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The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. It is led by the Archbishop of Milan who serves as metropolitan to the dioceses of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Crema, Cremona, Lodi, Mantova, Pavia and Vigevano. The Church in Milan was first established in the 1st century as a small diocese. It was elevated to the rank of an archdiocese in the 4th century. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan - Bishops and Archbishops. St. Barnabas (ca.50-5 ...

Including:

• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan - Bishops and Archbishops
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan - Resources

Read more here: » Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan: Encyclopedia - Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan

Charles of Anjou (1227–1285), also Charles I of Sicily. He was King of Sicily 1262–1282 (and under that title, King of Naples 1282–1285), King of Albania 1272–1285, King of Jerusalem 1277–1285, Prince of Achaea 1278–1285, Count of Provence and Forcalquier 1246–1285, and Count of Anjou and Maine 1247–1285. He was the posthumous son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile, and hence brother to Louis IX of France and Alphonse of Toulouse. He conquered the Kingdom of Sicily from the Hohenstaufen in 1266 and began to ...

Including:

• Charles I of Sicily - Biography
• Charles I of Sicily - Early Life
• Charles I of Sicily - Marriage and Children
• Charles I of Sicily - Accession in Provence
• Charles I of Sicily - Seventh Crusade and Return
• Charles I of Sicily - Wider Ambitions
• Charles I of Sicily - Conquest of Sicily
• Charles I of Sicily - Ambitions in the Latin Empire
• Charles I of Sicily - Eighth Crusade
• Charles I of Sicily - Conquest of Albania and Genoese War
• Charles I of Sicily - Breakdown of the Union
• Charles I of Sicily - Sicilian Vespers
• Charles I of Sicily - War with Aragon
• Charles I of Sicily - Death and legacy

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August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. August 4 - Events. 1265 - The Battle of Evesham of the Second Barons' War is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of future King Edward I of England defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and killing de Montfort and many of his allies. This is sometimes considered the death of chivalry in England. 1578 - Battle of A ...

Including:

• August 4 - Events
• August 4 - Births
• August 4 - Deaths
• August 4 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 4: Encyclopedia - August 4

The following is a list of the Kings of Babylon, a major city of ancient Mesopotamia, in modern Iraq. List of kings of Babylon - First Dynasty of Babylon. This uses the traditional Middle Chronology, although there is now reason to believe it may be too early by as much as a century. Sumu-abum 1894-1881 BC Sumu-la-El 1880-1845 BC Sabium 1844-1831 BC Apil-Sîn 1830-1813 BC Sin-muballit 1812-1793 BC Hammurabi 1792-1750 BC Samsu-I ...

Including:

• List of kings of Babylon - First Dynasty of Babylon
• List of kings of Babylon - Early Kassite Monarchs
• List of kings of Babylon - Sealand Dynasty Dynasty II of Babylon
• List of kings of Babylon - Kassite Dynasty Third Dynasty of Babylon
• List of kings of Babylon - Dynasty IV of Babylon from Isin
• List of kings of Babylon - Dynasty V of Babylon
• List of kings of Babylon - Dynasty VI of Babylon
• List of kings of Babylon - Dynasty VII of Babylon
• List of kings of Babylon - Dynasty VIII of Babylon
• List of kings of Babylon - Dynasty IX of Babylon
• List of kings of Babylon - Dynasty IX of Babylon
• List of kings of Babylon - Dynasty X of Babylon Assyrians and Chaldeans
• List of kings of Babylon - Dynasty XI of Babylon Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean

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1326 - Events. Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Osman I (1299-1326) to Orhan I (1326-1359) Aradia de Toscano, is initiated into a Dianic cult of Italian Witchcraft (Stregheria), and discovers through a vision that she is the human incarnation of the goddess Aradia. Known as La Bella Pelegrina amongst the outlaws near Lake Nemi, she becomes the leader of a religious anarchist movement. 1326 - Births. March 3 - Ivan II of Russia, Gra ...

Including:

• 1326 - Events
• 1326 - Births
• 1326 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1326: Encyclopedia - 1326

1298 - Events. July 2 - The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. End of the reign of Emperor Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Fushimi ascends to the throne of Japan 21 July - Battle of Falkirk (1298): England's Edward Longshank defeats William Wallace's Scottish rebels While in prison in Genoa, Marco Polo dictates his Travels to a local writer A fire causes severe damage to the Palace of Westminster.< ...

Including:

• 1298 - Events
• 1298 - Births
• 1298 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1298: Encyclopedia - 1298

Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 See also: 1222 state leaders 1222 - Events. Foundation of the University of Padua Completion of the Cistercian convent in Alcobaca, Portugal Eric XI becomes King of Sweden Premysl Ottokar I reunites Bohemia and Moravia ...

Including:

• 1222 - Events
• 1222 - Births
• 1222 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1222: Encyclopedia - 1222

Nakhon Chiang Rai (Thai เชียงราย) is a city in Amphoe Mueang, Chiang Rai Province in northern Thailand. Chiang Rai - Geography. Geographical location 19°56′N 99°51′E. Nakhon Chiang Rai is 200 km NE of Nakhon Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai Province; 62 km S of Mae Sai and the Burmese border; 60 km SW of Chiang Saen on the Mae Khong across from the PDR of Laos; and 90 km N of Nakhon Phayao, Phayao Province. Chiang Rai - Demographics. Population 62,000. ...

Including:

• Chiang Rai - Geography
• Chiang Rai - Demographics
• Chiang Rai - Government
• Chiang Rai - History
• Chiang Rai - Wats
• Chiang Rai - Schools
• Chiang Rai - Colleges and Universities
• Chiang Rai - High Schools
• Chiang Rai - Primary Schools
• Chiang Rai - Hospitals
• Chiang Rai - Transportation
• Chiang Rai - External link

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Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون Abbāsīyūn) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Islamic empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs. It seized power in 750, when it finally defeated the Umayyads in battle, and flourished for two centuries, but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army they had created, the Mamluks. Their rule was finally ended in 1258, when Hulagu Khan, the Mongol conquerer, sacked Baghdad. While they con ...

Including:

• Abbasid - Revolt against the Umayyads
• Abbasid - Consolidation and schisms
• Abbasid - The Mamluks
• Abbasid - Learning under the Abbasid dynasty
• Abbasid - The end of the caliphate
• Abbasid - Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad
• Abbasid - Abbasid Caliphs in Cairo
• Abbasid - Notes
• Abbasid - External link

Read more here: » Abbasid: Encyclopedia - Abbasid

1312 - Events. June 15 : Battle near Rozgoni Battle near Thebes Siege of Rostock begins Lancelotto Malocello, a Genoese navigator, sails to the island of Lanzarote, one of the Canary Islands, and remains there for almost two decades. 1312 - Births. November 13 - King Edward III of England (died 1377) Uzbeg Khan, Khan of the Golden Horde (died 1341) William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (died 1333) Including:

• 1312 - Events
• 1312 - Births
• 1312 - Deaths

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William II Villehardouin (died May 1, 1278) was the last Villehardouin prince of Achaea and ruled the principality at the height of its power and influence. William was the son of Geoffrey I Villehardouin. In 1236 he aided the Latin Empire against the Byzantine Empire of Nicaea, and was rewarded with the overlordship of the Venetian Duchy of the Archipelago and other Venetian territories in the Aegean Sea. He came to power in ...

Including:

• William II Villehardouin - Also see

Read more here: » William II Villehardouin: Encyclopedia - William II Villehardouin

Shinran Shonin (親鸞聖人) (1173-1262) was a pupil of Honen and the founder of the Jodo Shinshu (or True Pure Land) sect in Japan. He was born at the close of the Heian period, when political power was passing from the imperial court into the hands of warrior clans. It was during this era when the old order was crumbling, however, that Japanese Buddhism, which had been declining into formalism for several centuries, underwent intense renewal, giving birth to new paths to enlighte ...

Including:

• Shinran - Doctrine
• Shinran - Reference

Read more here: » Shinran: Encyclopedia - Shinran

Note that the early dates are traditional and of uncertain accuracy Kings of the Fairhair dynasty: Harald Fairhair Harald Hårfagre : c. 890-c. 930 Eirik Bloodaxe Eirik Blodøks : c. 930-934 Håkon the Good Håkon den Gode : 934-961 Harald Gråfell : 961-976 Haakon Jarl² Håkon Jarl : 976-995 Olaf Tryggvason¹ : 995-1000 Svein Forkbeard Svein Tjugeskjegg : 999-1015 Olaf Haraldsson, S ...

See also:

List of Norwegian monarchs, List of Norwegian monarchs - The Norwegian Kingdom ca 890-1319, List of Norwegian monarchs - The Union of Sweden and Norway 1319-1343, List of Norwegian monarchs - The Union of Denmark and Norway 1380-1396, List of Norwegian monarchs - The Kalmar Union 1397-1536, List of Norwegian monarchs - The Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll 1814, List of Norwegian monarchs - The Union of Sweden and Norway 1814-1905, List of Norwegian monarchs - The Kingdom of Norway 1905 to present, List of Norwegian monarchs - Notes, List of Norwegian monarchs - Succession to the Norwegian Throne

Read more here: » List of Norwegian monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Norwegian monarchs - The Norwegian Kingdom ca 890-1319