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1260: Encyclopedia - 1260
For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century.
1260 - Events.
1260 - Europe.
September 4 - The Senese Ghibellines, supp...
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1260: Encyclopedia Ii - 1260 - Events
1260 - Europe.
September 4 - The Senese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeats the Florentine Guelph...
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Cádiz: Encyclopedia - Cádiz
Location within Spain
Cádiz is a coastal city in southwestern Spain and part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the capita...
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Bahri Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Bahri Dynasty
The Bahri dynasty or Bahriyya Sultante المماليك البحرية was a Mamluk dynasty of Kipchak Turk origin that ruled Egypt from ...
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Braunau Am Inn: Encyclopedia - Braunau Am Inn
Longitude:
Braunau am Inn is a city in the Innviertel (River Inn area) of Upper Austria (Oberösterreich), the north-western province of ...
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Damascus: Encyclopedia - Damascus
Damascus (Arabic officially دمشق Dimashq, colloquially ash-Sham الشام) is the capital city of Syria. It is often referred to as ...
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Caliph: Encyclopedia - Caliph
Islam
History of Islam
Oneness of God
Profession of Faith
Prayer • Fasting
Pilgrimage • Charity
Muhammad
Ali • Abu Bakr
Companions...
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Cathedral Of Chartres: Encyclopedia - Cathedral Of Chartres
The Cathedral of Chartres ("Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres," French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), located in Chartres, about 5...
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Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 元朝 or 大元帝國) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also call...
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Yarkand: Encyclopedia - Yarkand
Yarkand (modern Chinese name 叶城, pinyin: Yèchéng, also Chokkuka, anciently Suoju 莎車, also written Shache and Suoche; 37°52′N...
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Baalbek: Encyclopedia - Baalbek
Modern Baalbek (Arabic: بعلبك) is a town in the Bekaa valley of Lebanon, altitude 3,850 ft (1,170 m), situated east of the Litani Ri...
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Chagatai Khanate: Encyclopedia - Chagatai Khanate
Chagatai Khan (alternative spellings Chagata, Chugta, Chagta, Djagatai, Jagatai), a son of Genghis Khan (1206—1227), controlled the par...
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Archbishopric Of Trier: Encyclopedia - Archbishopric Of Trier
The Bishopric and Archbishopric of Trier was one of the important ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. Unlike the othe...
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Nichiren: Encyclopedia - Nichiren
Nichiren (日蓮) (February 16, 1222 – October 13, 1282), born Zennichimaro (善日麿), later Zeshō-bō Renchō (是生房蓮長), an...
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Mongols: Encyclopedia - Mongols
The Mongols are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China, particularly Inner Mongolia. They currently n...
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History Of Buddhism: Encyclopedia - History Of Buddhism
The history of Buddhism spans from the 6th century BCE to the present, starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddharta Gautama. This make...
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Bengal: Encyclopedia - Bengal
Bengal, known as Bôngo (Bengali: বঙ্গ), Bangla (বাংলা), Bôngodesh (বঙ্গদেশ), or Bangladesh (বাং...
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Alawite: Encyclopedia - Alawite
Islam
History of Islam
Oneness of God
Profession of Faith
Prayer • Fasting
Pilgrimage • Charity
Muhammad
Ali • Abu Bakr
Companions...
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Albertus Magnus: Encyclopedia - Albertus Magnus
Albertus Magnus (1193? – November 15, 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a Dominican friar who beca...
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Salt Jordan: Encyclopedia - Salt Jordan
Salt (Arabic: As-Salt -- pronounced As Sàlt) is an ancient agricultural town and administrative centre in west-central Jordan. It is on ...
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Armenian Quarter: Encyclopedia - Armenian Quarter
The Armenian Quarter is one of the four quarters of the Old City of Jerusalem. It might appear that the Armenian quarter would be a part ...
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Danylo Of Halych: Encyclopedia - Danylo Of Halych
Danylo of Galicia (Ukrainian: Данило Галицький, Danylo Halyts’kyi), (1201-1264) was the 1st King of Galicia, Knyaz of H...
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Aleppo: Encyclopedia - Aleppo
Aleppo (or Halab, حلب Arabic meaning "Fresh Milk") is a city and province in northern Syria. The city has a population of around 1.7 m...
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Ayyubid Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Ayyubid Dynasty
The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries.
T...
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Bamberg: Encyclopedia - Bamberg
Bamberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in Upper Franconia on the river Regnitz, close to its confluence with the river Main...
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1320: Encyclopedia - 1320
1320 - Events.
January 20 - Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland
April 6 - The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing ...
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1328: Encyclopedia - 1328
1328 - Events.
Augustiner brew Munich
May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation a...
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1333: Encyclopedia - 1333
1333 - Events.
End of the Kamakura period and beginning of the Kemmu restoration in Japan.
End of the reign of Emperor Kogon of Japan,...
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September 3: Encyclopedia - September 3
September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years). There are 119 days remaining.
September 3 - Events.
36 BC - In the bat...
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1339: Encyclopedia - 1339
1339 - Events.
Emperor Go-Murakami ascends to the throne of Japan
Kashmir is conquered by the muslims
1339 - Births.
July 23 - Kin...
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Table Of Chinese Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Chinese Monarchs - Han Dynasty
Yuánguāng(元光)
Yuánshuò (元朔)
Yuánshòu (元狩)
Yuándǐng (元鼎)
Yuánfēng (元封)
Tàichū (太初)
Tiānhàn (天漢)
...
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Caliph: Encyclopedia Ii - Caliph - Origins Of The Caliphate
Most academic scholars agree that Muhammad had not explicitly established how the Muslim community was to be governed after his death. Tw...
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Burgos Cathedral: Encyclopedia Ii - Burgos Cathedral - History
The construction of a cathedral at Burgos was ordered by King Ferdinand III of Castile and Mauricio, the English-born Bishop of Burgos. C...
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Japanese Era Name: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese Era Name - Conversion Table From Nengō To Gregorian Calendar Years
The Japanese calendars prior to 1873 were derived from the Chinese. Japan adopted the Chinese calendar in 645.
To convert a Japanese year...
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Classical Music Of The United Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Classical Music Of The United Kingdom - Music Before 1500
The earliest surviving piece of composed music in the UK is the setting of the folk song "Sumer Is Icumen In" ("Summer is a-coming in"), ...
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Irish Battles: Encyclopedia Ii - Irish Battles - Late Medieval Battles
Irish battles - Bruce Wars in Ireland.
1316 - Second Battle of Athenry
1318 - Battle of Dysert O'Dea
1318 - Battle of Faughart
132...
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Principality Of Antioch: Encyclopedia Ii - Principality Of Antioch - Foundation
While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade cont...
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Nichiren: Encyclopedia Ii - Nichiren - Lifetime
Nichiren - Birth education initial teaching.
Nichiren was born in the fishing village of Kominato in the province of Awa. Though Komina...
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History Of Early Arab Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Early Arab Egypt - The Fatimid Period
Jauhar immediately began the building of a new city, Cairo, to furnish quarters for the army which he had brought. A palace for the Calip...
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Cathedral Of Magdeburg: Encyclopedia Ii - Cathedral Of Magdeburg - History
Cathedral of Magdeburg - Previous building.
The first church was founded September 21, 937 at the location of the current cathedral was...
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County Of Marche: Encyclopedia Ii - County Of Marche - Counts Of Marche
County of Marche - Marche dynasty.
Boso I the Old, count of Marche and Périgord (958–988)
Aldebert I, count of Marche and Périgord...
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Golden Legend: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Legend - Fanciful Etymologies
The book sought to compile traditional lore about all of the saints which were officially held up for veneration at the time of its compi...
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Dukes Of Pomerania: Encyclopedia Ii - Dukes Of Pomerania - Duchy Of Pomerania Western - Ksiestwo Pomorskie Zachodnie
After 1202 Pomeranian Duchy is divided into several duchies, most important being Wolgast and Szczecin duchies, united into one Pomerania...
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Alawite: Encyclopedia Ii - Alawite - Religion
Theologically, Alawites today claim to be Twelver Shiites, but traditionally they have been designated as "extremists" (Arabic غلاة g...
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Franciscan: Encyclopedia Ii - Franciscan - Development Of The Order After The Death Of Francis
Franciscan - Dissentions during the life of Francis.
The controversy about poverty which extends through the first three centuries of F...
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William De Ferrers 5th Earl Of Derby: Encyclopedia Ii - William De Ferrers 5th Earl Of Derby - Family And Children
William Ferrers married Sibyl Marshal, one of the daughters and co-heirs of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke. They had seven daughte...
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Albertus Magnus: Encyclopedia Ii - Albertus Magnus - Biography
He was born of the noble family of Bollstadt in Lauingen, Bavaria, Germany on the Danube, sometime between 1193 and 1206. The term "magnu...
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Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Yuan Dynasty - Birth Of The Yuan
Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire.
Temujin, later to be more prominently known as Genghis Khan, was the first in the line of Yuan ruler...
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Bamberg: Encyclopedia Ii - Bamberg - History
During the post-Roman centuries of Germanic migration and settlement, the region afterwards included in the Diocese of Bamberg was inhabi...
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Kingdom Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Kingdom Of Jerusalem - Life In The Kingdom
The Latin population of the kingdom was always small; although a steady stream of settlers and new crusaders continually arrived, most of...
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Counts And Dukes Of Angoulême: Encyclopedia Ii - Counts And Dukes Of Angoulême - Counts Of Angoulême
Counts and dukes of Angoulême - House of Taillefer.
Turpion (839–863)
Emenon (863–866)
Wulgrin I (866–886)
Alduin I (886–916)...
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History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - Ancient Animosity Towards Jews
3rd century BCE: Manetho, a Hellenistic Egyptian chronicler and priest, alleges that Moses was not a Jew, but an Egyptian renegade priest...
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Cutting Of The Elm: Encyclopedia Ii - Cutting Of The Elm - The Royal Meeting-place
There is some evidence that the field, and the tree, were used as a meeting-place for important persons, including the kings of England a...
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David Vii Ulu: Encyclopedia Ii - David Vii Ulu - Life
He was an illegitimate son of King Giorgi IV Lasha by a non-noble woman. Fearing that David would pretend to the throne, his aunt, Queen ...
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Joachim Of Fiore: Encyclopedia Ii - Joachim Of Fiore - Theory Of The Three Ages
The mystical basis of his teaching is his doctrine of the "Eternal Gospel," founded on aninterpretation of the text in Revelation xiv, 6....
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Bourne Abbey: Encyclopedia Ii - Bourne Abbey - Monastic Origins
While Domesday Book makes it clear that there was a church in Bourne in 1066 and there is a suggestion that there was an Anglo-Saxon abbe...
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Alfonso X Of Castile: Encyclopedia Ii - Alfonso X Of Castile - Family
In 1246, Alfonso X married Violante of Aragon, the daughter of King James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary. Because of her young age (V...
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Alfonso X Of Castile: Encyclopedia Ii - Alfonso X Of Castile - Family
In 1246, Alfonso X married Violante of Aragon, the daughter of King James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary. Because of her young age (V...
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Mamluk: Encyclopedia Ii - Mamluk - Overview
The first Mamluks worked for Abbasid caliphs in 9th century Baghdad. The Abbasids recruited them from enslaved mainly Turkic non-Muslim f...
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Notre Dame De Paris: Encyclopedia Ii - Notre Dame De Paris - Features
Notre Dame de Paris - The Western Façade.
The Western Façade of the cathedral is the single most well-known feature. It is divided in...
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Pre-columbian Trans-oceanic Contact: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-columbian Trans-oceanic Contact - Overview
Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact - The diffusionist view.
Theories of pre-Columbian contact have been fairly popular in the Western ...
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Amir Khusro: Encyclopedia Ii - Amir Khusro - Some Samples Of Khusro's Poetry
Agar firdaus bar roo-e zameen ast,
Hameen ast-o hameen ast-o hameen ast.
If there is a paradise on earth,
It is this, it is this, it is t...
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Regensburg: Encyclopedia Ii - Regensburg - History
The first settlements in Regensburg date to the Stone Ages. The Celtic name Radasbona was the oldest name given to a settlement near the ...
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Meißen: Encyclopedia Ii - Meißen - History
In 929, King Henry I erected a stronghold on the hill that is the center of today's old town, where formerly a Slavic castle had been loc...
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Agnes Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Agnes Of France - Empress Consort Of The Eastern Roman Empire
Agnes of France (1171 - 1240) was the only daughter of Louis VII of France by his third wife Adèle of Champagne.
She was a younger half-...
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Song Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Song Dynasty - Arts Culture And Economy
The founders of the Song dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials. Regional military go...
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Mongols: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongols - History
Mongols - Genghis Khan.
The Mongols were originally a confederation of tribes in competition with the Tatar, Kerait, Merkit and Naiman ...
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1260s: Encyclopedia Ii - 1260s - War And Politics
1260s - Europe.
1260 - The Baltic Samogatians and Curonians defeat the Teutonic knights in the Battle of Durbe.
1263 - October - Kin...
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Alawite: Encyclopedia Ii - Alawite - Religion
Theologically, Alawites today claim to be Twelver Shiites, but traditionally they have been designated as "extremists" (Arabic غلاة g...
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Louis Ix Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Louis Ix Of France - Life
Much of what we know of Louis' life comes from Jean de Joinville's famous biography of Louis, Life of Saint Louis. Joinville was a close ...
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Saxony: Encyclopedia Ii - Saxony - History
Main article: History of Saxony
Prehistoric Saxony was the site of some of the largest of the ancient Central European monumental temples...
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Battle Of Montaperti: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of Montaperti - The Battle
The two armies met at the hill of Montaperti, outside Siena, on the morning of September 4th. The battle raged all day, but despite their...
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Battle Of La Forbie: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of La Forbie - Prelude
The capture of Jerusalem by the Khwarezmians in August had excited great alarm among both the Chrisitan and the Muslim states. Al-Mansur,...
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Belstone: Encyclopedia Ii - Belstone - Early History
The Nine Maidens stone circle comprises the remains of the outer wall of a Bronze Age burial chamber. Along with other erected granite st...
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Bisham Abbey: Encyclopedia Ii - Bisham Abbey - Early History
Bisham Abbey in Berkshire was had its origins in a preceptory built about 1260 for the Knights Templars. Their order was suppressed in 13...
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Early History Of Switzerland: Encyclopedia Ii - Early History Of Switzerland - Middle Ages
Under the Carolingian kings, the feudal system proliferated, and monasteries and bishopries were important bases for maintaining the rule...
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List Of Estonian Rulers: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Estonian Rulers - Vaddjamå
(partly on the territory of Estonia)
Title: Elder (Vanem) (- 12th century)
...
See also:List of Estonian rulers, List of Estonian ruler...
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Baibars: Encyclopedia Ii - Baibars - Biography
He was a commander of the Mamluks in around 1250, when he defeated the Seventh Crusade of Louis IX of France. He was still a commander un...
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Pre-columbian Trans-oceanic Contact: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-columbian Trans-oceanic Contact - Overview
Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact - The diffusionist view.
Theories of pre-Columbian contact have been fairly popular in the Western ...
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List Of Assassinated People: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Assassinated People - Assassinations In Africa
List of assassinated people - Algeria.
Hiempsal, (117 BC), co-ruler of Numidia, by Jugurtha
François Darlan, (1942), French Admiral, ...
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Schwerin: Encyclopedia Ii - Schwerin - History
Schwerin is surrounded by lakes. The largest of these lakes, the Schweriner See, has an area of 60 km². In the midst of the lakes there ...
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Pope Honorius Iv: Encyclopedia Ii - Pope Honorius Iv - Early Career
Savelli studied at the University of Paris, during which time he held a prebend and a canonry at the cathedral of Châlons-sur-Marne. Lat...
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List Of Mongol Khans: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Mongol Khans - Yuan Dynasty
The Mongols under Kublai who fully conquered China had theoretical suzerainty over the entire Mongol Empire, but this became nominal even...
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Siena: Encyclopedia Ii - Siena - History Of Siena
Siena, like many other Tuscan hill towns, was first settled in the time of the Etruscans (circa 900BC to 400BC) when it was inhabited by ...
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Kublai Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Kublai Khan - Empire
The empire was separated into four khanates, each ruled by a separate khan and overseen by the Great Khan. The Kipchak Khanate (also call...
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History Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Jerusalem - Arab Caliphates Christian Crusaders And Early Ottoman Rule 638-1800s
Although the Qur'an does not mention the name "Jerusalem", the hadith specify that it was from Jerusalem that Muhammad ascended to heaven...
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Mamluk: Encyclopedia Ii - Mamluk - Overview
The first Mamluks served the Abbasid caliphs in 9th century Baghdad. The Abbasids recruited them from enslaved mainly Turkic non-Muslim f...
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Lusignan: Encyclopedia Ii - Lusignan - Crusader Kings
The Lusignans were among the French nobles who made great careers in the Crusades. An ancestor of the later Lusignan dynasty in the Holy ...
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Mongol Invasions Of Japan: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Invasions Of Japan - The Invasions
Kublai Khan became Emperor of China in 1260 and established his capital at Beijing in 1264. After nearly three decades of invasions, Kore...
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Nichiren: Encyclopedia Ii - Nichiren - Lifetime
Nichiren - Birth education initial teaching.
Nichiren was born in the fishing village of Kominato in the province of Awa. Though Komina...
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Principality Of Galilee: Encyclopedia Ii - Principality Of Galilee - Princes Of Galilee
(Italicized names are of titular princes.)
Tancred, Prince of Galilee (1099–1101)
Hugh of St. Omer (1105–?)
Gervaise de Bazoches
Jos...
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Chagatai Khanate: Encyclopedia Ii - Chagatai Khanate - The Chagatai Khanate After Chagatai
Chagatai died shortly after Ögedei. The Chagataites, who had previously accepted Guyuk, consented to the succession to Möngke as Great ...
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Louis Ii Duke Of Bavaria: Encyclopedia Ii - Louis Ii Duke Of Bavaria - Life
He was a son of duke Otto II and Agnes. Her grandfathers were duke Henry the Lion and the Hohenstaufen Conrad. When the Wittelsbach count...
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History Of Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Buddhism - Mahayana Expansion 1st C.ce–10th C.ce
From that point on, and in the space of a few centuries, Mahayana was to flourish and spread in the East from India to South-East Asia, a...
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Armenian Quarter: Encyclopedia Ii - Armenian Quarter - The Armenian People And Their Establishment In Jerusalem: 95 Bc–640 Ad
The Armenians are an ancient people who have inhabited parts of Turkey, Iran and the Caucasus for more than three thousand years. The fir...
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Lichfield Cathedral: Encyclopedia Ii - Lichfield Cathedral - About Lichfield Cathedral
The cathedral internal length is 370 ft., and the breadth of the nave 68 ft., the central spire is 77m (252') high and the western spires...
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Empoli: Encyclopedia Ii - Empoli - History
Archaeological finds have revealed that Empoli was already settled in the early Roman Empire times, and continued to exist until 4th cent...
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Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Yuan Dynasty - Birth Of The Yuan
Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire.
Temujin, later to be more prominently known as Genghis Khan, was the first in the line of Yuan ruler...
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Lordship Of Sidon: Encyclopedia Ii - Lordship Of Sidon - Lords Of Sidon
Lordship of Sidon - Lordship of the Schuf.
The Schuf was created out of the Lordship of Sidon as a vassal around 1170. It was centred o...
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Regensburg: Encyclopedia Ii - Regensburg - History
The first settlements in Regensburg date to the Stone Ages. The Celtic name Radasbona was the oldest name given to a settlement near the ...
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Reggio Emilia: Encyclopedia Ii - Reggio Emilia - History
Reggio Emilia - Ancient and early Middle Ages Reggio.
Though not Roman in origin, Reggio began as an historical site with the construct...
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