1257

For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. 1257 - Events. Robert de Sorbon founds the Collège de Sorbonne at Paris, giving a formal college (and still-common name) to the already existing University of Paris in France. Matthew Paris, English historian, personally intreviews King Henry III of England for a week straight while compiling his major work of English history, Chronica Majora. King Henry III of England orders the production of an twenty pence ...

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• 1257 - Events
• 1257 - Births
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Boleslaus the Chaste or the Shy (Polish: Bolesław Wstydliwy) (21 June 1226 O.S. – 7 December 1279 O.S.) was the son of Leszek the White. Several years after the death of Henry the Pious at the battle of Legnica (1241), he became king in Kraków, and thereby the predominant prince of the deeply partitioned Poland. He was married to Kinga or Cunegunda, daughter of the Hungarian king Béla IV. According to medieval chronicles the marriage was never consummated. Kinga, being extremely pious, was averse to fulfillin ...

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The Bahri dynasty or Bahriyya Sultante المماليك البحرية was a Mamluk dynasty of Kipchak Turk origin that ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1382 when they were succeeded by the Burji dynasty, another group of Mamluks. Their name means 'of the sea', referring to them ruling from al-Manyal island in the Nile (Bahr al-Nil) off Cairo. In 1250, when the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub died, the Mamluks owned by sultan killed his owner's heir, and the Mamluk general Aybak (who ruled 1250 - 1257) married Shajar al-Dur ...

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• Bahri dynasty - List of Bahri Sultans

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Charles II, known as the Lame (Fr. le Boiteux) (born c. 1248, died 5 May 1309, Naples) was the King of Naples and Sicily, titular king of Jerusalem, and Prince of Salerno. He was a son of Charles I of Naples. He had been captured by Roger of Lauria in the naval battle at Naples in 1284. When his father died, he was still a prisoner of Peter III of Aragon. In 1288 King Edward I of England mediated to make peace, and Charles was liberated only to retain Naples alone. Sicily was left to the Aragonese. Charles ...

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Berke was the ruler of the Golden Horde from 1257 to 1266, in the aftermath of the reign of his brother Batu. Berke was one of the sons of Jochi, himself the eldest son of Genghis Khan. In 1235, Berke joined his brothers Orda, Sinkur, and Siban and an assortment of cousins under the leadership of Batu. The vast army, comprising some 150,000 soldiers, marched from Siberia and into the territory of the Bulgars and Kipchaks, whom they subdued. Next they devastated the principalities of Ryazan and Suzd ...

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• Berke - Sources

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Code page is the traditional IBM term used for a specific character encoding table: a mapping in which a sequence of bits, usually a single octet representing integer values 0 through 255, is associated with a specific character. Code page - Background. A few code pages use more than 8 bits per character and thus encode more than 256 characters. The term cmap (character map) is used in technical documentation on Macintosh platforms. Although IBM created and maintained many code pages, the term ...

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• Code page - Background
• Code page - Relationship to ASCII
• Code page - Partial list of IBM code pages
• Code page - Other code pages of note
• Code page - Microsoft code pages
• Code page - Private code pages

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The historic University of Paris (French: Université de Paris) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganized as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). The university is often referred to as the Sorbonne or La Sorbonne after the collegiate institution (Collège de Sorbonne) founded about 1257 by Robert de Sorbon, but the university as such is older and was never completely centered on the Sorbonne. Of the 13 current successor universities, the first f ...

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• University of Paris - Origin and organization of the medieval university
• University of Paris - The Collège de Sorbonne
• University of Paris - Other colleges
• University of Paris - Student revolt and reorganization
• University of Paris - Present universities

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Kraków (pronounced: ['krakuf]; variant English spelling Cracow; in full Royal Capital City of Kraków, Polish: Królewskie Stołeczne Miasto Kraków, see also Names of European cities in different languages) is one of the oldest and largest cities of Poland, with a 2004 population of 760,000 (1.2 million, counting adjacent communities). This historic city is situated on the Vistula (Wisła) River at the foot of Wawel Hill in the southerly region of Little Poland (Małopolska). It is the capital of ...

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• Kraków - Modern landmarks
• Kraków - Historic districts
• Kraków - Administrative districts
• Kraków - History
• Kraków - Medieval
• Kraków - Renaissance
• Kraków - Decline
• Kraków - After the partition of Poland
• Kraków - 20th century
• Kraków - Politics
• Kraków - Kraków constituency
• Kraków - Education
• Kraków - Culture
• Kraków - Kraków by Night
• Kraków - Sports
• Kraków - Sons and daughters of the city

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Tsar Constantine Tikh of Bulgaria (ruled 1257-1277) took the throne of Bulgaria after the assassination of Michael II Asen of Bulgaria in 1256. His rule was rather unsuccessful. He was defeated by the Byzantine Empire in 1263, which led to Bulgaria losing the southern Black Sea littoral. Mentally broken by the defeat, Constantine Tikh retired in the Turnovo castle, leaving state affairs in dismay. The kingdom suffered badly from the raids of the Tartars, which ultimately led to a popular uprising, led by Ivailo. ...

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The Battle of Baghdad in 1258 was a victory of Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan. Baghdad was the capital of an Islamic state and was ruled by Al-Musta'sim, the current Abbasid Caliph. The Abbasid state had been in existence for over 500 years, since the accesssion of the first caliph in Baghdad 751 CE following the defeat of the previously ruling Umayyads. In century or so before the Mongol invasion, the state had lost much of its former strength ...

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• Battle of Baghdad 1258 - External link

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Viterbo is an ancient town and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of Viterbo province. It is approximately 100 kilometers (60 mi) north of Rome on the Via Cassia, and it is surrounded by the Monti Cimini and Monti Volsini. Apart from agriculture, the main resources of Viterbo's area are pottery, marble and wood. The town also hosts the Italian gold reserves, an important Academy of Fine Arts, the University of Tuscia and is located in a wide thermal area attracting many tourist from the whole c ...

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• Viterbo - History
• Viterbo - Landmarks
• Viterbo - Patron Saints
• Viterbo - La Macchina di Santa Rosa
• Viterbo - Stampate

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October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in Leap years). There are 91 days remaining. October 1 - Events. 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. 959 - Edgar the Peaceable becomes king of all England. 965 - John XIII becomes Pope. 1788 - Nguyen Hue declares himself emperor of Viet Nam. 1791 - First session of the French Legislative Assembly. 1795 - Belgium is conquered by Fran ...

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• October 1 - Holidays and observances

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1296 - Events. March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. He slaughtered almost everyone who resided there, even if they fled to the churches. April 27 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated by Edward I of England. 'Ala al-Din Khalji succeeds to the Delhi Sultanate, as a member of the Khilji dynasty. 1296 - Births. August 10 - John I, Count of Luxemburg (died 1346) ...

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• 1296 - Events
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1295 - Events. Mongol leader Ghazan Khan is converted to Islam, ending a line of Tantric Buddhist leaders. Philip IV of France and Pope Boniface VIII begin having disagreements. Jayavarman VIII of the Khmer Empire in Cambodia abdicates. Marco Polo returns to Italy from his travels to China. Edward I summons the Model Parliament. 1295 - Births. September 16 - Elizabeth de Clare, English noblemwoman (died 1360) John ...

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• 1295 - Events
• 1295 - Births
• 1295 - Deaths

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The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. It is led by the Archbishop of Milan who serves as metropolitan to the dioceses of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Crema, Cremona, Lodi, Mantova, Pavia and Vigevano. The Church in Milan was first established in the 1st century as a small diocese. It was elevated to the rank of an archdiocese in the 4th century. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan - Bishops and Archbishops. St. Barnabas (ca.50-5 ...

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• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan - Bishops and Archbishops
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan - Resources

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Shōka (正嘉) was a Japanese era after Kōgen and before Shōgen that spanned from 1257 to 1259. The reigning emperor was Emperor Go-Fukakusa. Shoka 1st 2nd 3rd Gregorian 1257 1258 1259 Preceded by: Kōgen Japanese ...

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1218 - Ongoing events. Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) 1218 - Births. February 12 - Kujo Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (died 1256) May 1 - John I, Count of Hainaut (died 1257) May 1 - Rudolph I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1291) October 30 - Emperor Chūkyō of Japan (died 1234) Abel of Denmark (died 1252) 1218 - Deaths. February 2 - Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (b ...

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• 1218 - Events
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• 1218 - Births
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Prague (Czech: Praha, see also other names) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated on the Vltava river in central Bohemia, it is home to approximately 1.2 million people. (It can be derived from jobs statistics, however, that an additional 300,000 work there without having registered as residents.) Prague is widely regarded as one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Nicknames for Prague have included "city of a hundred spires", "the golden city", "the Left Bank of the Nineties", the "mothe ...

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• Prague - Taxis
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• Prague - Miscellaneous
• Prague - Prague - Venue
• Prague - Famous People connected with Prague
• Prague - Historical population

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Saint Thomas Aquinas [Thomas of Aquin, or Aquino] (c. 1225 – March 7, 1274) was an Italian Catholic philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition, known as Doctor Angelicus, Doctor Universalis. He is the most famous classical proponent of natural theology. He gave birth to the Thomistic school of philosophy, which was long the primary philosophical approach of the Catholic Church. He is considered by the Catholic Church to be its greatest theologian and one of the thirty-three Doctors of the Church. The ...

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• Thomas Aquinas - Biography
• Thomas Aquinas - Early years
• Thomas Aquinas - Career
• Thomas Aquinas - Death and canonization
• Thomas Aquinas - Writings
• Thomas Aquinas - Exegetical homiletical and liturgical writings
• Thomas Aquinas - Dogmatic apologetic and ethical writings
• Thomas Aquinas - Philosophical writings
• Thomas Aquinas - Notable works
• Thomas Aquinas - Modern criticism
• Thomas Aquinas - Editions

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Adam Marsh (Adam de Marisco) (ca. 1200 – November 18, 1259), English Franciscan, scholar and theologian, was born about 1200 in the diocese of Bath, and educated at Oxford (Greyfriars) under the famous Grosseteste. Before 1226 Marsh received the benefice of Wearmouth from his uncle, Richard Marsh, bishop of Durham; but between that year and 1230 he entered the Franciscan order. About 1238 he became the lecturer of the Franciscan house at Oxford, and within a few years was regarded by the English province of that order as an intellectual and spiritual leader. Roger Bacon, his pupil, speaks highl ...

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