1256 - Deaths

For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. 1256 - Events. 1256 - Europe. April 13 - Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull constituting the Augustinian monastic order. The city of Lviv, in present-day Ukraine, is founded by Danylo King of Rus. Theodore II Lascaris, Byzantine Emperor (in exile in the Empire of Nicaea), successfully concludes a military campaign started a year earlier to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians. ...

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• 1256 - Events
• 1256 - Europe
• 1256 - Asia
• 1256 - Births
• 1256 - Deaths

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Bushido expanded and formalized the earlier code of the samurai, and stressed frugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honor to the death. Under the Bushido ideal, if a samurai failed to uphold his honor he could regain it by performing seppuku (ritual suicide). In an excerpt from the chapter "AN ACCOUNT OF THE HARA-KIRI" in Mitford's "Tales of Old Japan", the author describes a friend witnessing an act of Seppuku: "There are many stories on record of extraordinary heroism being displayed in the hara-kiri. The case of a young ...

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Bushido, Bushido - History, Bushido - Bushido ethics, Bushido - Seven virtues associated with bushido, Bushido - Major figures associated with bushido

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Portsmouth - Early history of the area. Although there have been settlements in the area since before Roman times, mostly being offshoots of Portchester, Portsmouth is commonly regarded as having been founded in 1180 by John of Gisors (Jean de Gisors). Most early records of Portsmouth are thought to have been destroyed by Norman invaders following the Norman Conquest. The earliest detailed references to Portsmouth can ...

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Portsmouth, Portsmouth - Name, Portsmouth - History, Portsmouth - Early history of the area, Portsmouth - Growth of the city, Portsmouth - War with France, Portsmouth - 20th century, Portsmouth - Education, Portsmouth - Higher and further education, Portsmouth - Secondary education, Portsmouth - Government, Portsmouth - Media, Portsmouth - Shopping, Portsmouth - Sport, Portsmouth - Tourist Attractions, Portsmouth - Transport and communications, Portsmouth - Future developments, Portsmouth - Lists, Portsmouth - Chronology, Portsmouth - Famous residents, Portsmouth - Population

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L'viv is one of the most important education centres of Ukraine. It is home to three major universities and a number of smaller schools of higher education. There are 8 institutes of the National Science Academy of Ukraine, more than 40 research institutes, 3 academies and 11 state-owned colleges. The most important are: University of Lviv (Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка) Lviv Polytechnic (Національний університет "Львівська � ...

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Lviv, Lviv - Geography, Lviv - Location, Lviv - Climate, Lviv - History, Lviv - Early history, Lviv - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Lviv - Decline of the Commonwealth, Lviv - Partitions, Lviv - 20th century, Lviv - Government, Lviv - Administrative division, Lviv - Public Transportation, Lviv - Buses, Lviv - Tramways, Lviv - Trolleybuses, Lviv - Railway, Lviv - Airports, Lviv - Culture, Lviv - Museums and art galleries, Lviv - Sport, Lviv - Films and books featuring Lviv, Lviv - Education, Lviv - Tourist attractions, Lviv - Famous Leopolitans

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The Japanese calendars prior to 1873 were derived from the Chinese. Japan adopted the Chinese calendar in 645. To convert a Japanese year to a Western year, find the first year of the nengō (=era name, see list below). When found, subtract 1, and add the number of the Japanese year. For example, the 23rd year of the Showa Era (Showa 23) would be 1948 ... 1926 − 1 = 1925, then 1925 + 23 = 1948. 645 大化 Taika 650 白雉 Hakuchi (era) 686 朱鳥 Shuchō 701 ...

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Japanese era name, Japanese era name - Overview, Japanese era name - Historical nengō, Japanese era name - Nengō in Modern Japan, Japanese era name - Conversion table from nengō to Gregorian calendar years, Japanese era name - Unofficial nengō system 私年号

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The name "assassin" is commonly believed to be a mutation of the Arabic "haššāšīn" (حشّاشين, "hashish-eaters"). However, there are those who dispute this etymology, arguing that it originates from Marco Polo's account of his visit to Alamut in 1273, in which he describes a drug whose effects are more like those of alcohol than of hashish. It is suggested by some writers that assassin simply means 'followers of Al-Hassan' (or Hasan-i Sabbah, the Sheikh of Alamut (see below). Others suggest that since hashish-eaters were gen ...

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Hashshashin, Hashshashin - Description, Hashshashin - Etymology of the word assassin, Hashshashin - History of the Hashshashin, Hashshashin - Methodology, Hashshashin - Modern parallels, Hashshashin - Influence

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Over the centuries, Bologna has acquired many nicknames: "Bologna the learned" ("Bologna la dotta") is a reference to its famous university; "Bologna the fat" ("Bologna la grassa") refers to its cuisine. Bologna is also called "Bologna the red" (Bologna la rossa) not only for its political leanings but also due to its abundance of red brick and marble buildings. Until the late nineteenth century, when a large-scale urban reconstruction project was undertaken, Bologna remained one of the best preserved Medieval cit ...

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Bologna, Bologna - History, Bologna - Overview, Bologna - Transport, Bologna - Demographics, Bologna - Cuisine, Bologna - The University, Bologna - Famous residents

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In the second half of the 7th century BC, the Medes gained their independence and were united by a dynasty. The kings who established the Mede Empire are generally recognized to be Phraortes and his son Cyaxares. They were probably chieftains of a nomadic Mede tribe in the desert and on the south shore of the Caspian, the Manda, mentioned by Sargon, and they likely founded the capital at Ecbatana. The later Babylonian king Nabonidus also designated the Mede ...

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Medes, Medes - The six Mede tribes in Herodotus, Medes - Early historical references to Medes, Medes - The Mede Empire, Medes - Persian Dominance and Assimilation, Medes - Post Achaemenid Media, Medes - Median language, Medes - External link

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1256 - Europe. April 13 - Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull constituting the Augustinian monastic order. The city of Lviv, in present-day Ukraine, is founded by Danylo King of Rus. Theodore II Lascaris, Byzantine Emperor (in exile in the Empire of Nicaea), successfully concludes a military campaign started a year earlier to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians. 1256 - Asia. October - Mongol commander Baiju (operating under Hulagu Khan's co ...

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1256, 1256 - Events, 1256 - Europe, 1256 - Asia, 1256 - Births, 1256 - Deaths

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