For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. 1253 - Events. July 6 - Mindaugas is crowned as King of Lithuania. July - William II, Count of Holland defeats the Flemish army at Westkapelle. A series of naval wars begins between the Italian city-states of Genoa and Venice, which will continue sporadically until 1371. King Henry III of England meets with English nobles and church leaders to reaffirm the validity of the Magna Carta. Pope I ...

Including:

• 1253 - Events
• 1253 - Asia
• 1253 - Births
• 1253 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1253: Encyclopedia - 1253

See also:

1253, 1253 - Events, 1253 - Europe, 1253 - Asia, 1253 - Births, 1253 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1253: Encyclopedia II - 1253 - Events

1253 - Europe. July 6 - Mindaugas is crowned as King of Lithuania. July - William II, Count of Holland defeats the Flemish army at Westkapelle. A series of naval wars begins between the Italian city-states of Genoa and Venice, which will continue sporadically until 1371. King Henry III of England meets with English nobles and church leaders to reaffirm the validity of the Magna Carta. Pope Innocent IV returns to Rome, having left nine years earlier in 1244 to depo ...

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1253, 1253 - Events, 1253 - Europe, 1253 - Asia, 1253 - Births, 1253 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1253: Encyclopedia II - Events

Danylo of Galicia (Ukrainian: Данило Галицький, Danylo Halyts’kyi), (1201-1264) was the 1st King of Galicia, Knyaz of Halych (1205–1206, 1211–1212, 1229–1231, 1233–1235, 1238–1255), Peremyshl (1211), and Volodymyr-Volynsky (1212–1231). He was crowned by a papal archbishop in Dorohychyn 1253/1255 as the 1st King of Galicia (1253–1264). Danylo of Halych - Biography. In 1205, after the death of his father, Roman Mstyslavyc ...

Including:

• Danylo of Halych - Biography
• Danylo of Halych - Family
• Danylo of Halych - Mother
• Danylo of Halych - Father
• Danylo of Halych - Wives
• Danylo of Halych - Brother
• Danylo of Halych - Sisters
• Danylo of Halych - Sons
• Danylo of Halych - Daughters

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Dōgen Zenji (道元禅師; January 19, 1200 - September 22, 1253) was a Japanese Zen Buddhist teacher and founder of the Soto school of Zen in Japan. He was a leading religious figure and important philosopher. "Zenji" is a title meaning zen master, and the name Dogen means roughly "Source of the Way." Dogen came from a noble family and he quickly learned the meaning of the word "mujo" (impermanence). His parents died when he was still young, and it is said that this early glimpse of impermanence inspired him to become a monk. ...

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Sōtō (曹洞宗; Japanese: Sōtō-shū, Chinese: Caodong-zong) is one of the two major Japanese Zen sects (the other major one being Rinzai). It is an extension or subbranch of the Chinese Caodong, which was brought to Japan by Dogen Zenji (1200-1253), and which after his death became known as the Soto school. Soto - Characteristics. With 14,700 temples and nearly 7 million adherents (in 1989) Soto is the largest Zen sect in Japan, surpassing Rinzai and Obaku. In Japanese history, Soto gaine ...

Including:

• Soto - Characteristics
• Soto - History
• Soto - Important texts

Read more here: » Soto: Encyclopedia - Soto

Shikantaza (只管打座) is literally translated as "only focused on doing sitting". More often it is called: "just sitting" or "silent illumination". It is the main meditation technique of the Soto school of Zen Buddhism. The "just" in "just sitting" has two connotations: Firstly, one should do nothing but the sitting. Secondly, one should sit in the right "mindful" way. The Shobogenzo, an ancient document by the zen master Dogen Zenji (1200-1253), is the most important description of shikantaza. Shikantaza - Meditatio ...

Including:

• Shikantaza - Meditation method
• Shikantaza - Empirical explanation of central Buddhist concepts
• Shikantaza - Theoretical context

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April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 247 days remaining. April 28 - Events. 1253 - Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Nam Myoho Renge Kyo for the first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism. 1788 - Maryland becomes the 7th state to ratify the Constitution of the United States. 1789 - Mutiny on the HMS Bounty. Captain William ...

Including:

• April 28 - Events
• April 28 - Births
• April 28 - Deaths
• April 28 - Holidays and observances

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William of Rubruck (also William of Rubruk, Guillaume de Rubrouck, Willielmus de Rubruquis, born ca. 1220 in Rubrouck, northern France, died ca. 1293) was a Flemish Franciscan missionary and explorer. His account is one of the masterpieces of medieval geographical literature comparable to that of Marco Polo. William of Rubruck - Mission. William accompanied Louis IX on the Seventh Crusade in 1248. In May, 1253, on Louis' orders, he set out from Constantinople on a missionary journey to convert the Tartars. ...

Including:

• William of Rubruck - Mission
• William of Rubruck - Travels
• William of Rubruck - Account
• William of Rubruck - Table of Contents

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Saint Clare of Assisi, born Chiara Offreduccio, (July 16, 1194 – August 11, 1253) was one of the first followers of Francis of Assisi and founded the Order of Poor Ladies to organize the women who chose to take the Franciscan vow of poverty and celibacy. Clare was born in Assisi, Italy in 1194 as the eldest daughter of Favorino Scifi, Count of Sasso-Rosso. In 1210, Clare heard Francis preaching in the streets of Assisi about his new mendicant order (then newly-approved by the Pope) and was moved by his words. On March ...

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Abul Hasan Yaminuddin Khusro (1253-1325 CE), better known as Amir Khusro Dehlavi, is one of the iconic figures in the cultural history of the Indian subcontinent. A Sufi mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi, Amir Khusro (or Khusrau or Khusraw) was not only one of India's greatest poets, he is also credited with being the founder of both Hindustani classical musi ...

Including:

• Amir Khusro - Amir Khusro and the origins of the Sitar and the Tabla
• Amir Khusro - Works
• Amir Khusro - References used

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Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō (南無妙法蓮華経, also transliterated Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō) is a mantra that is chanted as the central practice of all forms of Nichiren Buddhism. The mantra is referred to as daimoku (題目, "title") and was first "revealed" by the Japanese Buddhist teacher Nichiren on the 28th day of the fourth lunar month of 1253 ce at Kiyosumi-dera (also, Seichōji) near Kominato in current-day Chiba, Japan. The practice ...

Including:

• Nam Myoho Renge Kyo - Meaning

Read more here: » Nam Myoho Renge Kyo: Encyclopedia - Nam Myoho Renge Kyo

The Shōbōgenzō (正法眼蔵), lit. "Treasury of the True Dharma Eye", is Dōgen Zenji's collection of Zen Buddhist fascicles, written between 1231 and 1253 -- the year of Dogen's death (Dōgen, 2002, p. xi). Unlike earlier Zen writings originating in Japan, the Kana Shōbōgenzō was written in Japanese -- not Chinese. Other works by Dōgen, notably the Eihei Koroku and the Shobogenzo Sanbyakusoku, are written in Chinese. Shobogenzo Sanbyakusoku consists of over 300 Koan (open cases), and is distinct from the Kana Shōbōgenzō discussed herein. See: H ...

Including:

• Shobogenzo - External link

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1250s - Mongol Empire. 1251 - Möngke Khan is elected as the fourth khan of the Mongol Empire. 1253 - Galicia becomes a vassal state to the expanding Mongol Empire. 1253 - The Mongol Empire launches attacks on the Muslim cities of Baghdad and Cairo. 1253 - The Mongol Empire destroys the Kingdom of Dali (Yunnan) in Laos and incorporates the region into their empire. 1253 - Kublai Khan introduces the baisha xiyue song and dance suite to the music of Yunnan.See also:

1250s, 1250s - War and politics, 1250s - Mongol Empire, 1250s - Europe, 1250s - Asia and Africa, 1250s - Culture, 1250s - Science and literature, 1250s - Art and architecture, 1250s - Cities and institutions, 1250s - Religion, 1250s - Births, 1250s - Deaths

Read more here: » 1250s: Encyclopedia II - 1250s - War and politics

House of Savoy - Counts of Savoy. Main Branch Umberto I Biancamano : 1003-1047 or 1048 Amedeo I Coda : 1048-1051 or 1056 Oddone : 1051 or 1056 - 1060 Pietro I : 1060-1078 Amedeo II : 1060-1080 Umberto II : 1080-1103 Amedeo III : 1103-1148 Umberto III : 1148-1189 Tommaso I : 1189-1233 Amedeo IV : 1233-1253 Bonifacio : 1253-1263 Tommaso II  ...

See also:

House of Savoy, House of Savoy - List of rulers, House of Savoy - Counts of Savoy, House of Savoy - Dukes of Savoy, House of Savoy - Kings of Sardinia, House of Savoy - Kings of Italy, House of Savoy - Rulers of other countries, House of Savoy - Heads of the House of Savoy since 1946:, House of Savoy - Name motto titles, House of Savoy - Dynastic Orders

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Dali is the ancient capital of both the Bai kingdom Nanzhao, which flourished in the area during the 8th and 9th centuries, and the Kingdom of Dali, which reigned from 937-1253. Dali was also the center of the Panthay Rebellion from 1856 - 1863. Dali is also famous for the many types of wood it produces, which are used primarily in construction and for decorative objects. In fact, Dali is so famous for the stone that the name of wood in Chinese is literally "Dali wood" (Chinese � ...

See also:

Dali, Dali - History, Dali - Culture, Dali - Sites of Interest, Dali - Economy, Dali - Transportation, Dali - External link

Read more here: » Dali: Encyclopedia II - Dali - History

Microsoft defined a number of Windows code pages that are proprietary extensions of existing code pages. These extensions are subtly (or grossly) incompatible with those by other vendors: 1250 — East European Latin 1251 — Cyrillic 1252 — West European Latin 1253 — Greek 1254 — Turkish 1255 — Hebrew 1256 — Arabic 1 ...

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Code page, Code page - Background, Code page - Relationship to ASCII, Code page - Partial list of IBM code pages, Code page - Other code pages of note, Code page - Microsoft code pages, Code page - Private code pages

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In 1246, Alfonso X married Violante of Aragon, the daughter of King James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary. Because of her young age (Violante was only 10-years-old at the time of the marriage) she produced no children for several years and it was feared that she was barren. Alfonso almost had their marriage annulled, but they went on to have twelve children: Fernando, died in infancy, and buried at Las Huelgas in Burgos. Berengaria of Castile (October or November 1253-after 1284). She was betrothed to Louis, the son ...

See also:

Alfonso X of Castile, Alfonso X of Castile - Family, Alfonso X of Castile - Sources

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Microsoft defined a number of proprietary code page extensions which were subtly (or grossly) incompatible with those by other vendors: 1250 — East European Latin 1251 — Cyrillic 1252 — West European Latin 1253 — Greek 1254 — Turkish 1255 — Hebrew 1256 — Arabic 1257 — Baltic 1258 — Vietnamese The most notable of these is the windows-1252 code page, which contains a range of typographical punctuation characters, the euro sign, and a few other special characters, in character positions which were reserved for control ...

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Code page, Code page - Background, Code page - Relationship to ASCII, Code page - Partial list of IBM code pages, Code page - Other code pages of note, Code page - Microsoft code pages, Code page - Private code pages

Read more here: » Code page: Encyclopedia II - Code page - Microsoft code pages

The town of Frankfurt was founded in the 13th century (local government charter in 1253) at the free ford (frank furt means a free crossing) known as the Brandendamm. The early settlers lived on the western banks of the Oder: later the town was extended to the eastern bank (which is today Polish). In late medieval times the town dominated the trade on the river between Wrocław (Breslau) and Szczecin (Stettin). In 1430 Frankfurt joined the Hanseatic League, but was a member for only a short time. The Elector of Brandenburg founded a university here, the Viadrina, whose Chancellor, Bishop Georg von Blumenthal (1490- ...

See also:

Frankfurt an der Oder, Frankfurt an der Oder - History, Frankfurt an der Oder - External link

Read more here: » Frankfurt an der Oder: Encyclopedia II - Frankfurt an der Oder - History