1249

1249 - Europe. February 16 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by King Louis IX of France as an ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols. August 15 - The First Battle of Athenry is fought in Galway, Ireland. University College, the first College at Oxford, is founded with money gifted from the estate of William of Durham. The Moors lose possession of Alicante in Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain). King Afonso III of Portugal captures Faro, Portugal from the Moors. See also:

1249, 1249 - Events, 1249 - Europe, 1249 - Asia, 1249 - Africa, 1249 - Births, 1249 - Deaths

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William I "the Lion" ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scotland from 1165 to 1214. His reign was the longest in Scottish history before the Act of Union with England in 1707. He became King following his brother Malcolm IV's death on 9 December 1165 and was crowned on 24 December 1165. In contrast to his deeply religious, frail brother, William was powerfully-built, redheaded, and headstrong. He was an effective monarch whose reign was marred by his ill-fated ...

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• William I of Scotland - Sources

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Ceuta is a Spanish exclave in North Africa, located on a northern tip of the Maghreb, on the Mediterranean coast near the Strait of Gibraltar. It is known in Arabic as سبتة (Sabtah in Standard Arabic, Sebta in Morocco). Its area is approximately 28 km². Ceuta is dominated by a hill called Monte Hacho, on which there is a fort occupied by the Spanish army. Monte Hacho is one of the possible locations for the southern Pillars of Hercules of Greek Legend, the other possibility being Jebel Musa. Ceu ...

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• Ceuta - History
• Ceuta - Administration

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Birger jarl ▶ (help·info) (English: "Earl Birger"), full name Birger Magnusson of Bjälbo (1210 – October 21, 1266), was a Swedish statesman and the founder of Stockholm. He was a member of the ancient noble family of the Folkung (Folkungaätten). Birger jarl - Biography. Birger was born in 1210 (exact date uncertain) as the son of Magnus Minnesköld of Bjälbo and Ingrid Ylva, nephew to the Earl Birger Brosa. In 12 ...

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• Birger jarl - Biography
• Birger jarl - Children
• Birger jarl - Mother unknown
• Birger jarl - With Ingeborg Eriksdotter
• Birger jarl - With Mechtild doubtful

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For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. 1268 - Events. 1268 - Europe. October 29 - Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles I of Sicily, a political rival and ally to the hostile Catholic church. King Stephen V of Hungary launches a war against Bulgaria. The county of Wernigerode ...

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• 1268 - Events
• 1268 - Europe
• 1268 - Asia
• 1268 - Births
• 1268 - Deaths
• 1268 - In fiction

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William II Villehardouin (died May 1, 1278) was the last Villehardouin prince of Achaea and ruled the principality at the height of its power and influence. William was the son of Geoffrey I Villehardouin. In 1236 he aided the Latin Empire against the Byzantine Empire of Nicaea, and was rewarded with the overlordship of the Venetian Duchy of the Archipelago and other Venetian territories in the Aegean Sea. He came to power in ...

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• William II Villehardouin - Also see

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The term university college is used in a number of countries to denote institutions that provide tertiary education but do not have full or independent university status. Precise usage varies between countries. University college - Australia. In Australia, the term "university college" or "residential college" is used to denote an institution which provides accommodation, academic support (such as tutorials) and social activities to students of its affiliated university, but usually does not form a fundamen ...

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• University college - Australia
• University college - Canada
• University college - External links for Canada
• University college - Ireland
• University college - New Zealand
• University college - Sweden
• University college - United Kingdom
• University college - United States

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The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Ayyubid Dynasty was founded by Saladin (Salah ah-Din), who, with his uncle Shirkuh, conquered Egypt for the Zengid King Nur ad-Din of Damascus in 1169. In 1171, Saladin deposed the last Fatimid Caliph, but he gradually became estranged from his former master. When Nur ed-Din died in 1174, Saladin declared war against Nur ed-Din's young son, As-Salih Ismail, and seized Damascus. Ismail fled ...

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• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Damascus
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Aleppo
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Hamah
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Homs
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Yemen
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Rulers of the Jezireh

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Damietta (Arabic: ‎ مدينة دمياط, medīnat dimyāt) is a port in Dimyat, Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea at the Nile delta, about 200 kilometres north of Cairo. In ancient Egypt the city was known as Tamiat, but it became less important in the Hellenic period after the construction of Alexandria. Damietta was important in the 12th and 13th centuries during the time of the Crusades. In 1169 a fleet from the Kingdom of Jerusalem, with support from the Byzantine Empire, att ...

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University College (in full, the College of the Great Hall of the University, commonly known as University College in the University of Oxford, usually known by its abbreviation, Univ.), is a contender for the claim to be the oldest of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, and is amongst the largest in population terms. It is one of the more wealth ...

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• University College Oxford - Notable alumni
• University College Oxford - Partial list of fellows and lecturers
• University College Oxford - Grace

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Alicante (Castillian Spanish) or Alacant (Valencian Catalan) is the capital of the province of Alicante and of the comarca of the Alacantí, in the southern part of the Land of Valencia, Spain, a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city of Alicante proper was 319,380, estimated as of 2005, of the entire urban area, 427,217. Population of the metropolitan area (including satellite towns) was 711,215 as of 2005 estimates, ranking as ...

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• Alicante - Population
• Alicante - History
• Alicante - Famous citizens

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The University of Oxford comprises 39 Colleges and 7 religious Permanent Private Halls (PPHs), which are autonomous self-governing corporations within the university. All teaching staff and students studying for a degree of the university must belong to one of the colleges or PPHs. These colleges are not only houses of residence, but have substantial responsibility for the teaching of undergraduates. Generally tutorials (the main method of teaching in Oxford) and classes are the responsibility of colleges, while lectures, ex ...

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• Colleges of the University of Oxford - History
• Colleges of the University of Oxford - List of colleges
• Colleges of the University of Oxford - List of Permanent Private Halls
• Colleges of the University of Oxford - Academic rankings
• Colleges of the University of Oxford - Fictional Colleges of Oxford

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Bridgwater in Somerset, England, is a market town, the administrative centre of the Sedgemoor district, and the leading industrial town in the county. Bridgwater is located on the major communication routes through South West England, between two junctions of the M5 motorway and on the edge of the Somerset Levels. It is thought that the town was originally called Brigg, meaning Quay. In the Doomsday Book the town is listed as Brugie, while Brugia was also used. After the Norman invasion the land was given to Walter Douai (a Nor ...

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• Bridgwater - History
• Bridgwater - 20th century
• Bridgwater - Industry
• Bridgwater - Present
• Bridgwater - Arts
• Bridgwater - Annual events
• Bridgwater - Notable people
• Bridgwater - Members of Parliament
• Bridgwater - Natural environment
• Bridgwater - Twinning

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1216 - Births. Robert I of Artois Eric IV of Denmark (died 1250) Zahed Gilani, Grand master of the Zahediyeh Sufi Order (died 1301) 1216 - Deaths. June 11 - Henry of Flanders, emperor of the Latin Empire (poisoned) (born c. 1174) June 16 - Pope Innocent III October 18 - John of England (born 1166) Ida, Countess of Boulogne Eric X of Sweden (born 1180) Kamo no Chomei, Japanese author (born 1155)Including:

• 1216 - Events
• 1216 - Births
• 1216 - Deaths
• 1216 - Heads of state

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Andrew of Longjumeau (also Longumeau, Lonjumel, etc.) was a 13th century French Dominican, explorer and diplomat. He accompanied the mission under Friar Ascehn, sent by Pope Innocent IV to the Mongols in 1247; at the Tatars camp near Kars he met a certain David, who next year (1248) appeared at the court of King Louis IX of France in Cyprus. Andrew, who was now with Saint Louis, interpreted to the king David's message, a real or pretended offer of alliance from the Mongol general Ilchikdai (Ilchikadai), and a proposal of a join ...

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1198 - Events. End of the reign of Emperor Go-Toba, emperor of Japan Emperor Tsuchimikado ascends to the throne of Japan January 8 - Pope Innocent III ascends Papal Throne Frederick II, infant son of German King Henry VI, crowned King of Sicily 1198 - Births. August 24 - King Alexander II of Scotland (died 1249) Ertugrul, Turkish leader, father of Osman I Ferdinand III of Castile (died 1252) Sybilla of Lus ...

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• 1198 - Events
• 1198 - Births
• 1198 - Deaths

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1197 - Events. Amalric II succeeds Henry II of Champagne as king of Jerusalem. Theobald III becomes Count of Champagne. The town of Arbroath, Angus, Scotland is consecrated, and dedicated to St Thomas Becket. Kaloyan becomes tsar of Bulgaria. Corfu is occupied by the Genoese. Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, negotiates a peace with Wales. North Crawley is split into Great Crawley and Little Crawley. Philip of Swabia marries Irene Angela, ...

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• 1197 - Events
• 1197 - Births
• 1197 - Deaths

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1190 - Events. March 16 - Massacre and mass-suicide of the Jews of York, England prompted by Crusaders and Richard Malebys kill 150-500 Jews in Clifford's Tower June 10 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowned in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. October 4 - Richard I of England threatens war against Tancred of Sicily, and captures Messina "On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy" (ar. Kitab fasl al-maqal) first published. Coronation of Richar ...

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• 1190 - Events
• 1190 - Births
• 1190 - Deaths

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1305 - Events. August 5 - English troops capture William Wallace Wenceslas III becomes king of Bohemia The Papacy removed to France following riots in the Papal State. 1305 - Births. Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese shogun (died 1358) 1305 - Deaths. April 4 - Joan I of Navarre, queen of Philip IV of France June 21 - King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Poland (born 1271) August 23 - W ...

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• 1305 - Events
• 1305 - Births
• 1305 - Deaths

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1297 - Events. 8 January - Monaco gains independence. English Church refuses to pay taxes, resulting in crisis. William Wallace begins his revolt against the English. Canonization of Louis IX, King of France August 28 - Edward I unsuccessfully invades Flanders. 11 September - Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots of Andrew de Moray and William Wallace defeat English. 1297 - Births. March 25 - Arnost of Pardubice, Archbi ...

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• 1297 - Events
• 1297 - Births
• 1297 - Deaths

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