Encyclopedia - 1247: Encyclopedia - 1247
1247 - Events. Shams ad-Din disappears resulting in Jalal Uddin Rumi writing 30,000 verses of poetry about his disappearance. Romford,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earl Of Pembroke: Encyclopedia Ii - Earl Of Pembroke - History In The 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica
The title of earl of Pembroke has been held successively by several English families, the jurisdiction and dignity of a palatine earldom ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sieges Of Galway: Encyclopedia Ii - Sieges Of Galway - Dun Beal Gallimhe
Dun Beal Gallimhe can be translated as "fort at the mouth of the Gallimhe river." It is believed to have being situated on the site of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Ii Count Of Holland: Encyclopedia - William Ii Count Of Holland
William II of Holland, (February 1228-28 January 1256), was a count of Holland and Zeeland (1235-1256) and king of Germany (1247-1256). H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sieges Of Galway: Encyclopedia Ii - Sieges Of Galway - O Brian's Siege Of 1132
Naval-based warfare became something of a regular occurrence in early 12th century Ireland. The Annals of Inisfallen note raids of this n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sieges Of Galway: Encyclopedia Ii - Sieges Of Galway - O Brian's Siege Of 1149
The 1149 siege of Dún Béal Gallimhe was led by Toirdhealbhach O Brían, then King of Thomond. It was a combined raid of plunder (t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sieges Of Galway: Encyclopedia Ii - Sieges Of Galway - De Burgh's Siege Of 1230
Cathal Crobderg Ua Conchobair had owed his position as King of Connacht to King John, and the support of the latter's vassals in Ireland....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Armand De Périgord: Encyclopedia - Armand De Périgord
Armand de Périgord (or Hermann de Pierre-Grosse) (1178–1247?) was a descendant of the Counts of Périgord and Grand Master of the Knig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Andrew Of Longjumeau: Encyclopedia - Andrew Of Longjumeau
Andrew of Longjumeau (also Longumeau, Lonjumel, etc.) was a 13th century French Dominican, explorer and diplomat. He accompanied the miss...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bethlem Royal Hospital: Encyclopedia - Bethlem Royal Hospital
The Bethlem Royal Hospital of London, which has been variously known as Bethlem Hospital, Bethlehem Hospital and Bedlam, is the world's o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles I Of Sicily: Encyclopedia - Charles I Of Sicily
Charles of Anjou (1227–1285), also Charles I of Sicily. He was King of Sicily 1262–1282 (and under that title, King of Naples 1282–...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sieges Of Galway: Encyclopedia Ii - Sieges Of Galway - Lord Forbes's Siege Of 1642
On the morning of the 7th August 1642, to the "considerable agitation and suspense [of the] town", a naval squadron of seventeen ships ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thuringia: Encyclopedia Ii - Thuringia - History
Named after the Thuringian people who occupied it around 300 AD, Thuringia came under Frankish domination in the 6th century, forming a p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bethlem Royal Hospital: Encyclopedia Ii - Bethlem Royal Hospital - History Of Bethlem
Bethlem has been a part of London since 1247, first as a priory for the sisters and brethren of the order of the Star of Bethlehem. Its f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beauvais: Encyclopedia Ii - Beauvais - Cathédrale De Saint-pierre
Main article: Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais Its cathedral of St Pierre, in some respects the most daring achievement of Gothic arc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Delmenhorst: Encyclopedia Ii - Delmenhorst - History
Delmenhorst was first mentioned in a charter in the year 1254, after the Count of Oldenburg, Otto I, bought the place near the river Delm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chinese Remainder Theorem: Encyclopedia Ii - Chinese Remainder Theorem - Simultaneous Congruences Of Integers
The original form of the theorem, contained in a third-century book by Chinese mathematician Sun Tzu and later republished in a 1247 book...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romford: Encyclopedia Ii - Romford - History
Romford has been a market town since 1247, and it holds the exclusive right to hold markets over an area of radius "six and two thirds mi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuneaton: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuneaton - History
Nuneaton's name came from a 12th century Benedictine nunnery (parts of which still survive) from which much of the town grew around. Prio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zalaegerszeg: Encyclopedia Ii - Zalaegerszeg - History
The area was already inhabited in the Upper Paleolithic, according to archaeological findings (the oldest ones in Zala county.) Later the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles I Of Sicily: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles I Of Sicily - Biography
Charles I of Sicily - Early Life. Charles was born in 1227, shortly after the death of his father, King Louis VIII. In his will, his fa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - History
The town of Brycgstow (Old English, "the place at the bridge") was in existence by the beginning of the 11th century, and under Norman ru...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hesse: Encyclopedia Ii - Hesse - History
In the early Middle Ages, Hesse was a part of Thuringia, but in the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247-64) Hesse gained its independe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William De Burgh: Encyclopedia Ii - William De Burgh - Descedants
He was survived by his sons Richard Mor de Burgh (d.1242), Bishop Hubert de Burgh of Limerick (d. 1251), Sheriff William de Burgh (d. 124...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Henry I Of Hesse: Encyclopedia Ii - Henry I Of Hesse - Life
After the death of the last Landgrave of Thuringia, Heinrich Raspe, the Thuringian-hessian succession war (1247 - 1264) began. Heinrichs ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haakon Iv Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Haakon Iv Of Norway - Later Reign
From this time onward Håkon’s reign was marked by internal peace and more prosperity than Norway had known for many years. This was th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mike Carey: Encyclopedia Ii - Mike Carey - Bibliography
Mike Carey - Comics work. 24 Minute Comic #1 and #2 (charity story for Just 1 Page) A Night 2 Remember (in 2000 AD #1280) Aquarius: Pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Møn: Encyclopedia Ii - Møn - The Town Of Stege
Stege grew up around what is now one of the best preserved fortresses in the Nordic countryies, Stegehus, which was erected in 1247. Cons...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Opposition To Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Opposition To Anti-semitism - 1200 To 1300
(The Apostolic See and the Jews, Documents: 492-1404; Simonsohn, Shlomo, p.143,154,162,163,165) Pope Innocent IV 7 October 1246 "Reques...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shield Of The Trinity: Encyclopedia Ii - Shield Of The Trinity - Name
The only name for this diagram which was in any regular use during the middle ages was "Scutum Fidei" (a Latin phrase meaning "Shield of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1271: Encyclopedia - 1271
For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. 1271 - Events. July 2 - Kings Otakar II of Bohemia and Stephen V of Hungar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1255: Encyclopedia - 1255
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. 1255 - Events. August - The final Cathar stronghold in southern France f...   » Read the article

Article - Budapest
Location of Budapest in Hungary Budapest (pronounced ['budɒˌpɛʃt]) is the capital city of Hungary and the country's principal politi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Budapest: Encyclopedia - Budapest
Location of Budapest in Hungary Budapest (pronounced ['budɒˌpɛʃt]) is the capital city of Hungary and the country's principal politi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Knights Templar: Encyclopedia - Knights Templar
The largest, and most powerful of the Christian military orders, the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon, originally named ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1318: Encyclopedia - 1318
1318 - Events. 1 April: Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English Emperor Go-Daigo ascends to the throne of Japa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1337: Encyclopedia - 1337
1337 - Events. March 17 - Edward, the Black Prince is created Duke of Cornwall, becoming the first English Duke Beginning of the Hundr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1304: Encyclopedia - 1304
1304 - Events. 20 July - Fall of Stirling Castle: Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1204: Encyclopedia - 1204
1204 - Events. February - Byzantine emperor Alexius IV is overthrown in a revolution, and Alexius V is proclaimed emperor. April 12 - ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Carmelites: New Age Spirituality Dictionary On Carmelites
Carmelites Members of a Catholic religious order that originated as an organization of lay hermits near Haifa on Mt. Carmel ca. 1200. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irish Battles: Encyclopedia Ii - Irish Battles - Late Medieval Battles
Irish battles - Bruce Wars in Ireland. 1316 - Second Battle of Athenry 1318 - Battle of Dysert O'Dea 1318 - Battle of Faughart 132...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frederick Ii Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Frederick Ii Holy Roman Emperor - Life
Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor - Early years. Born in Jesi, near Ancona, Frederick was the son of the emperor Henry VI. Some old chron...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eisenach: Encyclopedia Ii - Eisenach - Sights
The Wartburg castle is by far the most popular tourist attraction. Following is a selection of other sights in Eisenach: Karlsplatz: adj...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Jerusalem - Arab Caliphates Christian Crusaders And Early Ottoman Rule 638-1800s
Although the Qur'an does not mention the name "Jerusalem", the hadith specify that it was from Jerusalem that Muhammad ascended to heaven...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Budapest: Encyclopedia Ii - Budapest - History
Budapest's recorded history begins with the Roman town of Aquincum, founded around 89 AD on the site of an earlier Celtic settlement near...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - Local Government
The Avon traditionally marks the border between Gloucestershire and Somerset. In 1373 Edward III of England proclaimed "that the said tow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hesse: Encyclopedia Ii - Hesse - Geography
Situated in western-central Germany, Hessen borders on (from the north-west and clockwise) the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia, L...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychiatric Hospital: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychiatric Hospital - History Of Psychiatric Hospitals
The history of psychiatric hospitals is linked heavily with social and scientific attitudes towards mental health, and the attitudes towa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese Era Name: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese Era Name - Conversion Table From Nengō To Gregorian Calendar Years
The Japanese calendars prior to 1873 were derived from the Chinese. Japan adopted the Chinese calendar in 645. To convert a Japanese year...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Persian Poets And Authors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Persian Poets And Authors - 20th Century And Beyond
List of Persian poets and authors - Prose. Ali Mohammad Afghani, writer (علی محمد افغانی) Ahmad-Reza Ahmadi Mehdi Akhava...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Historians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Historians - Modern Historians After 1900
List of historians - A. Irving Abella, Canadian historian & author Robert G. Albion, maritime history Gar Alperovitz, American his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1255: Encyclopedia Ii - 1255 - Events
1255 - Europe. August - The final Cathar stronghold in southern France falls, eliminating the last refuge of the heretical Cathars af...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1271: Encyclopedia Ii - 1271 - Events
1271 - Europe. July 2 - Kings Otakar II of Bohemia and Stephen V of Hungary sign the first Peace of Pressburg, settling territorial cl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franciscan: Encyclopedia Ii - Franciscan - Development Of The Order After The Death Of Francis
Franciscan - Dissentions during the life of Francis. The controversy about poverty which extends through the first three centuries of F...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sessho And Kampaku: Encyclopedia Ii - Sessho And Kampaku - Overview
The Sesshō and Kampaku had held the practical powers of the ruling emperor, conducting cloistered rule until shogunates took over the po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery: Encyclopedia Ii - Age Of Discovery - Exploration By Land
The prelude to the Age of Exploration was a series of European expeditions crossing Eurasia by land in the late Middle Ages. While the Mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - Dialect
Many Bristolians speak a distinctive dialect of English (known colloquially as Brizzle or Bristle). Uniquely for an urban area of Britain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - Transport
There are two principal railway stations in Bristol: Bristol Parkway and Bristol Temple Meads. Bristol was never well served by suburban ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - History
The town of Brycgstow (Old English, "the place at the bridge") was in existence by the beginning of the 11th century, and under Norman ru...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - Arts, Leisure And Media
The city has two significant football clubs: Bristol City F.C. who play in Football League One and Bristol Rovers F.C. who play in Footba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - Local Government
The Avon traditionally marks the border between Gloucestershire and Somerset. In 1373 Edward III of England proclaimed "that the said tow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - Aeronautics
In the 20th century, Bristol's manufacturing activities expanded to include aircraft production at Filton, six miles (10 km) north of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irish Battles: Encyclopedia Ii - Irish Battles - Early Modern Era
The Mac an Iarla Wars 1572 - sack of Athenry 1573 - Beal an Chip 1577 - sack of Athenry 1577 - siege of Loughrea 1580 - sack of Loughrea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychiatric Hospital: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychiatric Hospital - Mental Hospitals In The Media
Mental hospitals are often depicted as frightening places in fiction, where treatments are forced upon inmates by uncaring staff, or inma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese Era Name: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese Era Name - Overview
Nengō, originated in China in 140 BC, was adopted by Japan in AD 645 during the reign of Empress Kōtoku (孝徳天皇). The first era n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franciscan: Encyclopedia Ii - Franciscan - The Third Order
Franciscan - Origin and rule. The first Rule given to lay men and women passionate about following St. Francis was found in the Guarnac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franciscan: Encyclopedia Ii - Franciscan - The Three Rules Of The Order And The Testament Of Saint Francis
Franciscan - The first rule. The oldest "rule", referred to above, no longer preserved in its original form, seems to have contained no...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese Era Name: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese Era Name - Unofficial Nengō System 私年号
Besides the official nengō system, one encounters in pre-modern works the use of private or unofficial nengō system, known as shinengō...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Jerusalem - Antiquity Prehistory - 6 Ce
This city has known many wars, and various periods of occupation. According to one Jewish tradition, it was founded by Abraham's forefath...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychiatric Hospital: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychiatric Hospital - Anti-psychiatry Objections To Mental Hospitals
Some observers, notably psychiatrist Dr. Thomas Szasz, have objected to calling mental hospitals "hospitals" (see anti-psychiatry). Lawre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychiatric Hospital: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychiatric Hospital - Types Of Psychiatric Hospitals
There are a number of different types of modern psychiatric hospitals or wards. Psychiatric hospital - Crisis stabilisation. One type i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franciscan: Encyclopedia Ii - Franciscan - The Last Years Of Francis
Francis had to suffer from the dissensions just alluded to and the transformation which they operated in the originally simple constituti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Jerusalem - Jerusalem And The Arab-israeli Conflict 1948-
Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Jerusalem was divided. The Western half of the New City became part of the new state of Israel, whil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Jerusalem - British Mandate 1917-1948
The British were victorious over the Turks in the Middle East during World War I and with victory in Palestine, General Sir Edmund Allenb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Jerusalem - Revival Of Jerusalem 1800s-1917
The modern history of Jerusalem began in the mid-nineteenth century, with the decline of the Ottoman Empire. At that time, the city was a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Jerusalem - Roman Rule 6 Ce - 638
Jerusalem became the birthplace of Christianity in the first century CE. According to the Bible it is the location of both the Crucifixio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery: Encyclopedia Ii - Age Of Discovery - Conquest Of Siberia
In 1552 Russian tsar Ivan IV the Terrible conquered the Kazan khanate, which opened new opportunities in conquests in the East. In 1580 Y...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery: Encyclopedia Ii - Age Of Discovery - Effect On Europe
The effect of the Age of Exploration was unprecedented. For millennia it had been the Mediterranean economy that had been the continent's...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beauvais: Encyclopedia Ii - Beauvais - History
Beauvais was known to the Romans as Caesaromagnus (though the post-Renaissance Latin rendering is Bellovacum) and took its present name f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beauvais: Encyclopedia Ii - Beauvais - Bishops Of Beauvais
Main article: Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis The early bishops of Beauvais are largely legendary, but a document records that the bisho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bethlem Royal Hospital: Encyclopedia Ii - Bethlem Royal Hospital - Bethlem Royal Today
Bethlem Royal Hospital is now part of the South London & Maudsley NHS Trust ('SLaM'), along with the Maudsley Hospital in Camberwell....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery: Encyclopedia Ii - Age Of Discovery - Northern European Involvement
The nations outside of Iberia refused to acknowledge the Treaty of Tordesillas. France, the Netherlands, and Britain each had a long mari...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery: Encyclopedia Ii - Age Of Discovery - Decline Of The Portuguese Monopoly
Portuguese exploration and colonization continued despite the new rivalry with Spain. The Portuguese became the first westerners to reach...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Knights Templar: Encyclopedia Ii - Knights Templar - Claims Of Descent And Revival
Some historians and authors have tried to draw a link from Freemasonry and its many branches to the Templars. This alleged link remains a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Knights Templar: Encyclopedia Ii - Knights Templar - Legends
The rapid succession of the last direct Capetian kings of France between 1314 and 1328, the three sons of Philip IV the Fair, led many to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery: Encyclopedia Ii - Age Of Discovery - Exploration Begins In Portugal
It was not until the carrack and then the caravel were developed in Iberia that European thoughts returned to the fabled East. These expl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery: Encyclopedia Ii - Age Of Discovery - Discovery Of The Americas
Portugal's rival Castile had been somewhat slower than their neighbour to begin exploring the Atlantic, and it was not until late in the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bethlem Royal Hospital: Encyclopedia Ii - Bethlem Royal Hospital - Museum And Archives
Since 1970 there has been a small museum at Bethlem Royal Hospital. It is open to the public on weekdays. The museum is mainly used to di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Budapest: Encyclopedia Ii - Budapest - Districts Of Budapest
Budapest's districts are numbered basically clockwise, in widening circles, and are organized similarly to the arrondissements in Metropo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frederick Ii Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Frederick Ii Holy Roman Emperor - Heirs
All the heirs of Frederick met unlucky fates. Frederick's son Henry, sometimes styled Henry VII, especially during his period of rebelli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frederick Ii Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Frederick Ii Holy Roman Emperor - Personality
Frederick II was a religious sceptic. He is said to have denounced Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad as all being frauds and deceivers of mankin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frederick Ii Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Frederick Ii Holy Roman Emperor - Law Reforms
His 1241 Edict of Salerno (sometimes called "Constitution of Salerno") made the first legally fixed separation of the occupations of phys...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frederick Ii Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Frederick Ii Holy Roman Emperor - Summary
Frederick II was considered singular among the European Christian monarchs of the Middle Ages. This was observed even in his own time, al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eisenach: Encyclopedia Ii - Eisenach - History
The history of Eisenach is linked with the Wartburg castle, which was built according to legend in 1067. There were at least three settle...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - Dialect
Many Bristolians speak a distinctive dialect of English (known colloquially as Brizzle or Bristle). Uniquely for an urban area of Britain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Budapest: Encyclopedia Ii - Budapest - Transport
Budapest - Airport. Budapest Ferihegy International Airport, which has 3 different passenger terminals: Ferihegy 1, Ferihegy 2/A and Fe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - Aeronautics
In the 20th century, Bristol's manufacturing activities expanded to include aircraft production at Filton, six miles (10 km) north of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - Arts Leisure And Media
The city has two significant football clubs: Bristol City F.C. who play in Football League One and Bristol Rovers F.C. who play in Footba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bristol: Encyclopedia Ii - Bristol - Transport
There are two principal railway stations in Bristol: Bristol Parkway and Bristol Temple Meads. Bristol was never well served by suburban ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franciscan: Encyclopedia Ii - Franciscan - The Beginning Of The Brotherhood
A sermon which Francis heard in 1209 on Matt. x. 9 made such an impression on him that he decided to devote himself wholly to a life of a...   » Read the article