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1234 | A Wisdom Archive on 1234 | | 1234 A selection of articles related to 1234 | |
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1234, 1234, 1234 - Births, 1234 - Deaths, 1234 - Events, 1234 - Monarchs/Presidents, Law of Attraction, Practising Law of Attraction, Law of Attraction for Prosperity, Law of Attraction for Love, Law of Attraction - Obstacles
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1234 | | | |  1234: Encyclopedia II - Skara - HistorySkara was, according to local legend, founded in AD 988, making it one of the oldest cities of Sweden. At this time it was one of only two cities in what was to become Westrogothia, the other being Lödöse, and Skara was the location for the regional assembly, the ting.
With the Christianization of Sweden Skara in 1050 AD became the seat for the bishop and a religious centre for the ensuing centuries; there has been bishops of Skara in an un ...
See also:Skara, Skara - Geography, Skara - History, Skara - Notability, Skara - Old age, Skara - New, Skara - Reference Read more here: » Skara: Encyclopedia II - Skara - History |
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| | | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - Warmia - History The first traces of human settlement in the region come from ca. 14-15,000 years ago. They are many traces of settlements made by the Lusatian culture (13th-5th century BC), including above-ground water housings and artificially created islands.
In the early Middle Ages the area was inhabited by various Old Prussian tribes, such as the Pomesanians, Pogesanians, Warmians, Natangians, Bartians, Sambians, Nadrovians, Scalovians, Galindians and Sassinians. However, these tribes only began to coordinate after the 12th century when they were subje ...
See also:Warmia, Warmia - History, Warmia - Major towns, Warmia - Famous Warmians Read more here: » Warmia: Encyclopedia II - Warmia - History |
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| | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Navarre - Kingdom The first historic king of Navarre was his son Sancho II Garces, nicknamed Abarca, who ruled from Pamplona as king of Navarre and count of Aragon from 970 to 994. The valley of Aragon he had inherited from his mother. The Historia General de Navarra by Jaime del Burgo says that on the occasion of the donation of the villa of Alastue by the king of Pamplona to the monastery of San Juan de la Peña in 987, he titled himself "King of Navarre," the first time that title had been used. In many places he appears as the first King of Navarre and in others the third; however, he was at least the s ...
See also:Kingdom of Navarre, Kingdom of Navarre - Early history, Kingdom of Navarre - Kingdom, Kingdom of Navarre - Navarre annexed to Aragon then to Castile, Kingdom of Navarre - Later history, Kingdom of Navarre - Territory today, Kingdom of Navarre - External link Read more here: » Kingdom of Navarre: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Navarre - Kingdom |
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| | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - List of Swedish monarchs - Monarchs Regents and Viceroys of Sweden For lists of the prehistoric kings of Sweden see
Mythological kings of Sweden
Semi-legendary kings of Sweden
List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Munsö or Uppsala.
c. 970- c. 995 : Eric the Victorius (Erik Segersäll)
c. 995- c. 1022 : Olof the Treasurer (Olof Skötkonung)
c. 1022-1050 : Anund Jacob (Anund Jakob) - and in South Canut ...
See also:List of Swedish monarchs, List of Swedish monarchs - Monarchs Regents and Viceroys of Sweden, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Munsö or Uppsala, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Stenkil, List of Swedish monarchs - The Houses of Sverker and Erik, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Bjällbo, List of Swedish monarchs - Regents of the Kalmar Union and Viceroys Riksföreståndare, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Vasa, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Hesse, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Holstein-Gottorp, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Bernadotte Read more here: » List of Swedish monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Swedish monarchs - Monarchs Regents and Viceroys of Sweden |
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| | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - List of Finnish monarchs - Swedish rulers of Finland Swedish influence in Finland was considerable in pre-Christian times. The Vikings were known to Finns both due to their participation in commerce and plundering. Finland's nearly 700-year association with the Kingdom of Sweden did or did not began in approximately 1154 with the introduction of Christianity by a Crusade and an expedition by a svea (Uplandic) nobleman Eric Jedvardson, later known as Saint Eric who became King Eric IX of Sweden.
In 1362 Finnish representatives received for the first time entitlement to participate in the election of the Swedish king, whereby ...
See also:List of Finnish monarchs, List of Finnish monarchs - Swedish rulers of Finland, List of Finnish monarchs - The Houses of Sverker and Eric, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Folkung, List of Finnish monarchs - Rulers of the Kalmar Union and Regents/Viceroys, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Vasa, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Hesse, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Holstein-Gottorp, List of Finnish monarchs - Russian rulers of Finland, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Romanov, List of Finnish monarchs - Independence and the Kingdom of Finland, List of Finnish monarchs - Acting as Heads of State, List of Finnish monarchs - The House of Hesse Read more here: » List of Finnish monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Finnish monarchs - Swedish rulers of Finland |
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| | | | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - List of rulers of Wales - Deheubarth
List of rulers of Wales - Ceredigion.
Ceredig (424 - 453)
Usai (453 - 490)
Serwyl (490 - 525)
Boddw (525 - 560)
Arthfoddw (560 - 595)
Arthlwys (595 - 630)
Clydog I (630 - 665)
Seisyll (665 - 700)
Arthwyr (700 - 735)
Dyfnwal (735 - 770)
Meurig (770 - 807)
Arthen (807 - 808)
Gwgan (808 - 872)
Cadell (872 - 909)
Clydog II (909 - 920)
Unification with Deheubarth (920 - 1143)
...
See also:List of rulers of Wales, List of rulers of Wales - High King of Britain Celtic Wales, List of rulers of Wales - High King of Wales, List of rulers of Wales - King of Wales, List of rulers of Wales - Prince of Wales, List of rulers of Wales - Deheubarth, List of rulers of Wales - Ceredigion, List of rulers of Wales - Gwynedd, List of rulers of Wales - Morgannwg/ Glamorgan, List of rulers of Wales - Glywysing, List of rulers of Wales - Gwent, List of rulers of Wales - Powys Read more here: » List of rulers of Wales: Encyclopedia II - List of rulers of Wales - Deheubarth |
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| | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - Jülich - History Jülich is first mentioned in Roman times as Juliacum along a road through the Rur valley. The counts and dukes of Jülich extended their influence during the Middle Ages and granted Jülich city status in 1234 (Count Wilhelm IV). During battles with the Archbishop of Cologne, Jülich was destroyed in 1239. In 1416, the city was granted fiscal independence by Duke Rainald of Jülich-Geldern. Following a fire in 1547, the city was rebuilt as an ideal city in the Renaissance style under the direction of the architect Alessandro Pasquali ...
See also:Jülich, Jülich - Geography, Jülich - Boroughs, Jülich - History, Jülich - Population history, Jülich - Town twinnings, Jülich - Transportation, Jülich - Culture and landmarks, Jülich - Museums, Jülich - Buildings, Jülich - Shortwave broadcasting facility, Jülich - Miscellaneous, Jülich - Sports, Jülich - People, Jülich - Famous citizens, Jülich - Literature Read more here: » Jülich: Encyclopedia II - Jülich - History |
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| | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - Zürich - History Numerous lake-side settlements from the Neolithic and Bronze age have been found, such as those in the Zürich Pressehaus and Zürich Mozartstrasse. The settlements were found in the 1800s, submerged in Zurichsee, or Lake Zurich. In 2004, traces of a pre-Roman Celtic settlement were discovered. In Roman times, Turicum was a tax-collecting point for goods entering the imperial province of Raetia by river. The earliest record of the town's name is preserved on a tombstone found in the eighteenth century on Lindenhof, referring to the Roman castle ...
See also:Zürich, Zürich - Geography, Zürich - History, Zürich - Coat of arms, Zürich - Industry and commerce, Zürich - Education and research, Zürich - Sports, Zürich - Events, Zürich - Transportation, Zürich - Notable people, Zürich - Hotels Read more here: » Zürich: Encyclopedia II - Zürich - History |
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| | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty Yuánguāng(元光)
Yuánshuò (元朔)
Yuánshòu (元狩)
Yuándǐng (元鼎)
Yuánfēng (元封)
Tàichū (太初)
Tiānhàn (天漢)
Tàishǐ (太始)
Zhēnghé (征和)
134 BC – 129 BC
128 BC – 123 BC
122 BC – 117 BC
116 BC – 111 BC
110 BC – 105 BC
104 BC – 101 BC
100 BC – 97 BC
96 BC – 93 BC
92 BC – 89 BC
Yuánfèng (元鳳)
80 BC – 75 BC
Dìjié (地節)
Yuánkāng (元康)
Shénjué (神 ...
See also:Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty |
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| | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - Louis IX of France - Life Much of what we know of Louis' life comes from Jean de Joinville's famous biography of Louis, Life of Saint Louis. Joinville was a close friend, confidant, and counselor to the king, and also participated as a witness in the papal inquest into Louis' life that ended with his canonization in 1297 by Pope Boniface VIII.
Louis was eleven years old when his father died in 1226. He was crowned king the same year in the cathedral at Reims.
Because of Louis' youth, his mother, Blanche of Castile, ruled France as regent until 1234, when Louis was deemed of age to rule himself. She continued as an important counsellor to the ...
See also:Louis IX of France, Louis IX of France - Life, Louis IX of France - Patron of arts and arbiter of Europe, Louis IX of France - Religious zeal, Louis IX of France - Veneration as a saint, Louis IX of France - Children, Louis IX of France - Places named after Saint Louis, Louis IX of France - Bibliography Read more here: » Louis IX of France: Encyclopedia II - Louis IX of France - Life |
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| | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke - Biography When William was about six years old, his father John Marshal had switched sides between King Stephen and Empress Matilda. When King Stephen besieged Newbury Castle, John had to give William to Stephen as a hostage for John's keeping his word that he would surrender Newbury Castle. John broke his word, and when Stephen ordered John to surrender immediately or watch as he hanged William in front of the castle, John replied that he could always make another son, and a ...
See also:William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke, William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke - Biography, William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke - Children of William Marshal & Isabel de Clare:, William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke - The end of the Marshal family, William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke - Historical Studies, William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke - William Marshal in Fiction, William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke - External link Read more here: » William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke: Encyclopedia II - William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke - Biography |
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| | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - 1280s - War and politics
1280s - Europe.
1282 - March - Dafydd ap Gruffydd, brother to Prince of Wales Llywelyn the Last, attacks an English castle; his brother feels compelled to support him despite poor preparation for war, quickly leading to the final English conquest of Wales by King Edward I of England.
1286 - Prussians settled in exile in Serbia stage a famous uprising.
1288 - June 5 - John I of Brabant defeats the duchy of Guelders in the Battle of Worringen — one of the largest battles in ...
See also:1280s, 1280s - War and politics, 1280s - Europe, 1280s - The Mongol Empire sphere of influence, 1280s - The Mamluk Sultanate sphere of influence: the Middle East, 1280s - Culture, 1280s - Natural events, 1280s - Science literature and industry, 1280s - Civic laws and institutions, 1280s - Art and architecture, 1280s - Cities and institutions, 1280s - Religion, 1280s - Births, 1280s - Deaths Read more here: » 1280s: Encyclopedia II - 1280s - War and politics |
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| | | | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - List of French monarchs - Valois Dynasty 1328-1589
List of French monarchs - Main Branch 1328-1498.
Louis I of Anjou (regent for Charles VI) 1380-1382
Anne de Beaujeu (regent for Charles VIII) 1483-1484
List of French monarchs - Valois-Orléans Branch 1498-1515.
List of French monarchs - Valois-Angoulême Branch 1515-1589.
< ...
See also:List of French monarchs, List of French monarchs - Carolingian Dynasty 843 to 987, List of French monarchs - Capetian Dynasty 987 to 1328, List of French monarchs - Valois Dynasty 1328-1589, List of French monarchs - Main Branch 1328-1498, List of French monarchs - Valois-Orléans Branch 1498-1515, List of French monarchs - Valois-Angoulême Branch 1515-1589, List of French monarchs - Bourbon Dynasty 1589-1792, List of French monarchs - First Republic 1792-1804, List of French monarchs - Bonaparte Dynasty - First Empire 1804-1814, List of French monarchs - Bourbon Dynasty Restored 1814-1830, List of French monarchs - Bourbon-Orléans The Monarchy of July 1830-1848, List of French monarchs - Second Republic 1848-1852, List of French monarchs - Bonaparte Dynasty Restored Second Empire 1852-1870 Read more here: » List of French monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of French monarchs - Valois Dynasty 1328-1589 |
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| | | | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - Galloway - Geography and Landform Galloway comprises that part of Scotland southwards from the Southern Upland watershed and westward from the River Nith. Tradionally it has been described as stretching from "the braes of Glenapp to the Nith". Three main river valleys, the Urr, the Ken/Dee, and the Cree, all running north-south, provide much of the good arable land, although there is also some arable land on the coast. Generally however the landscape is rugged and much of the soil is shallow. The generally south slope and southern coast make for mild and wet ...
See also:Galloway, Galloway - Geography and Landform, Galloway - Name, Galloway - Prehistory, Galloway - Rerigonium, Galloway - Anglians, Galloway - The Gallgaidhill, Galloway - Fergus of Galloway, Galloway - Medieval History, Galloway - Reference Read more here: » Galloway: Encyclopedia II - Galloway - Geography and Landform |
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| | | | | 1234: Encyclopedia II - Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan
Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire.
Temujin, later to be more prominently known as Genghis Khan, was the first in the line of Yuan rulers. He was the son of Yesügei, the tribal chief of the Kiyad — a tribe in fractured Mongolia. His father was killed in his early life by a rival tribe, the [[heir. This led to bitterness on the part of Senggum, Wang's former heir, who planned to assassinate Temüjin. Temüjin learned of Senggum's intentions however, and a large civil war broke out among the Mong ...
See also:Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire, Yuan Dynasty - Aspirations to China, Yuan Dynasty - Northern Conquest, Yuan Dynasty - Golden Age of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Establishment of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Early Rule, Yuan Dynasty - Impact, Yuan Dynasty - Downfall of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Civil Unrest, Yuan Dynasty - Loss of China, Yuan Dynasty - Northern Yuan Read more here: » Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan |
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