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Printing is a process for production of texts and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing. Printing - History of printing. Printing was first conceived and developed in China. Primitive Woodblock printing was already in use by the 6th century. The oldest surviving book printed using the more sophisticated block printing dates from 868 AD (The < ...

Including:

• Printing - History of printing
• Printing - Modern printing technology

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Ögedei, (also Ögädäi, Ögedäi, Ogotai, etc.) (1186-1241), was the third son of Genghis Khan. He succeeded his father to rule as the second great Khan of the Mongol Empire. He continued the expansion the empire that his father had begun. Like all of Genghis' primary sons, he participated extensively in conquests in Western China and Central Asia. He was elected supreme khan in 1229, according to the kuriltai held after Genghis' death, although this was never really in doubt as it was Genghis' clear wish ...

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Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s - 1230s - 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s Years: 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 Events and Trends Category: 1230s ...

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Some evidence suggest the crypt predates the cathedral. The crypt's high altar is known to have been consecrated in 1123, while the church high altar was consecrated on September 1, 1145. According to legend, the crypt may also be the final resting place of the great hero Fionn Mac Cumhaill, about whom legends abound in Irish and Scottish mythology. ...

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Lund Cathedral, Lund Cathedral - Crypt, Lund Cathedral - Renovations, Lund Cathedral - The towers, Lund Cathedral - Interior, Lund Cathedral - Other features

Read more here: » Lund Cathedral: Encyclopedia II - Lund Cathedral - Crypt

Printing press - Diffusion of printing in Europe. In Europe, books were copied mainly in monasteries, or (from the 13th century) in commercial scriptoria, where scribes wrote them out by hand. Books were therefore a scarce resource. While it might take someone a year or more to hand copy a Bible, with the Gutenberg press it was possible to create several hundred copies a year, with two or three people that could read, and a few people to support the effort. Each sheet still had to be fed manually, which limited t ...

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Printing press, Printing press - Development of the printing press, Printing press - Impact of printing, Printing press - Diffusion of printing in Europe, Printing press - Effects of printing on culture, Printing press - The art of book printing, Printing press - Printing in the industrial age

Read more here: » Printing press: Encyclopedia II - Printing press - Impact of printing

The boundary between northern and southern China is generally defined to be the Qinling Mountains and Huai River (Huai He). In the eastern provinces like Jiangsu and Anhui, however, the Yangtze River is usually perceived as the north-south boundary instead of the Huai River. There is an ambiguous area, the region around Nanyang, Henan, that lies in the gap where the Qinling has ended and the Huai River has not yet begun; in addition, central Anhui and Jiangsu lie south of the Huai River but north of the Yangtze, making their classification s ...

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Northern and southern China, Northern and southern China - Extent, Northern and southern China - History, Northern and southern China - Today, Northern and southern China - Stereotypes

Read more here: » Northern and southern China: Encyclopedia II - Northern and southern China - Extent

He consolidated this conquest in 1205 by marrying Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John of England. He had previously been negotiating with Pope Innocent III for leave to marry his uncle Rhodri's widow, daughter of Reginald, king of the Isle of Man. However this proposal was dropped when a more advantageous marriage was offered. His main rival in Wales was Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys. When Gwenwynwyn fell out with King John in 1208, Llywelyn took advantage of the situation to annex southern Powys and northern Ceredigion. In 1210 h ...

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Llywelyn the Great, Llywelyn the Great - Early Life, Llywelyn the Great - Consolidation, Llywelyn the Great - Later reign, Llywelyn the Great - Marital problems, Llywelyn the Great - The Succession, Llywelyn the Great - Death and aftermath

Read more here: » Llywelyn the Great: Encyclopedia II - Llywelyn the Great - Consolidation

In 1221, because of the Jōkyū Incident, an unsuccessful attempt by Emperor Go-Toba to seize real power, the Kamakura shogunate completely excluded those of the imperial family descended from Emperor Go-Toba from the Chrysanthenum throne, thus forcing Emperor Chūkyō to abdicate. After the Gempei War, the grandson of the late Emperor Takakura, who was also the son of Retired Emperor Antoku's younger brother and Chūkyō's cousin, was enthroned as Go-Horikawa. As Go-Horikawa was only 9 years old at this time, his father Imperial Prince Morisada reigned as clois ...

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Emperor Go-Horikawa, Emperor Go-Horikawa - Genealogy, Emperor Go-Horikawa - Life, Emperor Go-Horikawa - Eras of his reign

Read more here: » Emperor Go-Horikawa: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Go-Horikawa - Life

The founders of the Song dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials. Regional military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed officials. This system of civilian rule led to a greater concentration of power in the emperor and his palace bureaucracy than had been achieved in the previous dynasties. The Song dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce. The lan ...

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Song Dynasty, Song Dynasty - Arts culture and economy, Song Dynasty - Fall of the Southern Song, Song Dynasty - Song dynasty emperors, Song Dynasty - Bei Northern Song dynasty 960- 1127, Song Dynasty - Nan Southern Song dynasty 1127- 1279

Read more here: » Song Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Song Dynasty - Arts culture and economy

Archbishop of Uppsala - 12th century. 1164-1185 Stefan 1185-1187 Johannes. Johannes was ordained by the Archbishop of Lund, Absalon by November 1185. In 1187, a ship from the pagan Estonia entered Mälaren, a lake close to Uppsala, on a plundering expedition. It sailed to Sigtuna, a prosperous city at that time, and plundered it. On its way back, barricades were set up the only exist point at Almarestäket to prevent the ship from escaping. Johannes was there also. As the ship struggled to pass through, Joh ...

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Archbishop of Uppsala, Archbishop of Uppsala - Notable archbishops, Archbishop of Uppsala - Archbishop before the Reformation, Archbishop of Uppsala - 12th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 13th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 14th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 15th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - Archbishops after the Reformation, Archbishop of Uppsala - 16th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 17th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 18th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 19th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 20th century

Read more here: » Archbishop of Uppsala: Encyclopedia II - Archbishop of Uppsala - Archbishop before the Reformation

Manchuria - Earlier history. Manchuria was the home of several nomadic tribes, including the Manchu, Ulchs, Hezhen (also known as the Goldi and Nanai). Various ethnic groups or kingdoms, including the Fuyu, Goguryeo, Xianbei, Khitan, Bohai (Mohe) and Jurchens, have risen to power in Manchuria. Han Chinese dynasties in China loosely controlled southern Manchuria up until the Song dynasty. During the Song dynasty, the Khitan set up the Liao dynasty in Manchuria. Later, the Jurchen (Manchu) overthrew the Liao ...

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Manchuria, Manchuria - Extent of Manchuria, Manchuria - Naming, Manchuria - Geography and Climate, Manchuria - History, Manchuria - Earlier history, Manchuria - Russian and Japanese influence, Manchuria - After World War Two, Manchuria - Demographics and Economy, Manchuria - Culture

Read more here: » Manchuria: Encyclopedia II - Manchuria - History

The diocese of Beauvais was traditionally founded by St. Lucianus in the 3rd century. After 1013 the Bishops were simultaneously Counts of Beauvais, and one of the Peers of France. The Bishop had a role in the coronation ceremony of the French king, and played a role in politics; Roger II died during the First Crusade, Peter of Dreux was a participant in the Third Crusade and the Battle of Bouvines, ...

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Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis, Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - History, Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - Bishops of Beauvais, Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - Bishops of Amiens, Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - Bishops of Beauvais restored, Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - Bishops of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis

Read more here: » Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis: Encyclopedia II - Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - History

Printing press - Diffusion of printing in Europe. In Europe, books were copied mainly in monasteries, or (from the 13th century) in commercial scriptoria, where scribes wrote them out by hand. Books were therefore a scarce resource. While it might take someone a year or more to hand copy a Bible, with the Gutenberg press it was possible to create several hundred copies a year, with two or three people who could read (and proofread!), and a few people to support the effort. Each sheet still had to be fed manually, ...

See also:

Printing press, Printing press - Development of the printing press, Printing press - Impact of printing, Printing press - Diffusion of printing in Europe, Printing press - Effects of printing on culture, Printing press - The art of book printing, Printing press - Printing in the industrial age

Read more here: » Printing press: Encyclopedia II - Printing press - Impact of printing

History of Rome - Origins. Further information: Founding of Rome, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and See also:

History of Rome, History of Rome - Ancient Rome, History of Rome - Origins, History of Rome - Early peoples of Italy, History of Rome - Etruscan dominance, History of Rome - Roman Republic, History of Rome - Roman Empire, History of Rome - Medieval Rome, History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule, History of Rome - Holy Roman Empire, History of Rome - Roman Commune, History of Rome - Boniface VIII and the Babylonian captivity, History of Rome - Cola di Rienzo and the Pope's return to Rome, History of Rome - Modern Rome, History of Rome - Renaissance Rome, History of Rome - Sack of Rome and Counter-Reformation, History of Rome - Italian unification, History of Rome - Current state

Read more here: » History of Rome: Encyclopedia II - History of Rome - Ancient Rome

The end the Punic wars saw an increase in piracy in the western Mediterranean. The Roman occupation of Hispania had meant a growth of maritime trade between the Iberian and Italian peninsulas. Pirates took advantage of the strategic location of the Balearic Islands to raid Roman commerce, using both Minorca and Majorca as bases. In reaction to this, the Romans sent an army to the islands in order to put an end to such activities. By 121 B.C. both islands were fully under Roman control, later being incorporated into the province of Hispania C ...

See also:

Minorca, Minorca - History, Minorca - Language, Minorca - Food and drink, Minorca - Municipalities

Read more here: » Minorca: Encyclopedia II - Minorca - History

Gaelicization in Galloway and Carrick occurred at the expense of Old English and British. Old Irish can be traced in the Rhinns of Galloway from at least the fifth century. How it developed and spread is largely unknown. The Gaelicization of the land was complete probably by the eleventh century, although some have suggested a date as early as the beginning of the ninth century. The main problem is that this folk-movement is unrecorded in the historical sources, so it has to be reconstructed from things such as place-names. According to the ...

See also:

Galwegian Gaelic, Galwegian Gaelic - History and extent, Galwegian Gaelic - Culture, Galwegian Gaelic - Relationships to other languages, Galwegian Gaelic - 1500 and after, Galwegian Gaelic - Modern influence, Galwegian Gaelic - Bibliography, Galwegian Gaelic - External link

Read more here: » Galwegian Gaelic: Encyclopedia II - Galwegian Gaelic - History and extent

Matej Ninoslav - Early. Throughout his early stage of life; Matej was an opposer of the Bogumils, a Hungarian supporter and a faithful Catholic. Matej Ninoslav - As Ban. Matej Ninoslav forcibly replaced his predecessor, Ban Stephen with the help of the adherents of the Bosnian church. Bosnia and Rascia were not in good relations during his reign. Matija served as a faithful Hungarian vassal, but was g ...

See also:

Matej Ninoslav, Matej Ninoslav - Life, Matej Ninoslav - Early, Matej Ninoslav - As Ban

Read more here: » Matej Ninoslav: Encyclopedia II - Matej Ninoslav - Life

Arles - Roman Arles. Arles is an ancient town, having been established by the Greeks as early as the 6th century BC under the name of Theline. It was captured by the Celtic Saluvii in 535 BC, who renamed it to Arelate. The Romans took the town in 123 BC and expanded it into an important city, with a canal link to the Mediterranean Sea being constructed in 104 BC. However, it struggled to escape the shadow of Massalia (Ma ...

See also:

Arles, Arles - Geography, Arles - History, Arles - Roman Arles, Arles - Medieval Arles, Arles - Modern Arles, Arles - Economy, Arles - Sights, Arles - Miscellaneous, Arles - People, Arles - Twin towns

Read more here: » Arles: Encyclopedia II - Arles - History

Ancona - Cathedral church of S. Ciriaco. The cathedral was consecrated in 1128 and completed in 1189. Some writers suppose that the original church was in the form of a Latin cross and belonged to the 8th century. An early restoration was completed in 1234. It is a fine Romanesque building in grey stone, built in the form of a Greek cross, with a dodecagonal dome over the center slightly altered by Margaritone d'Arezzo in 1270. The façade has a Gothic portal, ascribed to Giorgio da Como (1228), which was inten ...

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Ancona, Ancona - Ancona sights, Ancona - Cathedral church of S. Ciriaco, Ancona - Other monuments, Ancona - History

Read more here: » Ancona: Encyclopedia II - Ancona - Ancona sights

Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire. Temujin, later to be more prominently known as Genghis Khan, was the first in the line of Yuan rulers. He was the son of Yesügei, the tribal chief of the Kiyad — a tribe in fractured Mongolia. His father was killed in his early life by a rival tribe, the Tartars — this rendered him chief of the Kiyad. Many in the tribe did not take well to a boy-ruler, abandoning him. He and his family were thus reduced to a state of abject poverty — however, at the age o ...

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Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire, Yuan Dynasty - Aspirations to China, Yuan Dynasty - Northern Conquest, Yuan Dynasty - Golden Age of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Establishment of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Early Rule, Yuan Dynasty - Impact, Yuan Dynasty - Downfall of the Yuan, Yuan Dynasty - Civil Unrest, Yuan Dynasty - Loss of China, Yuan Dynasty - Northern Yuan

Read more here: » Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan

Henry, the first son of Frederick II and Constance of Aragon, was born in 1211 in Sicily. When Frederick sought the crown of Germany, he had his son crowned King of Sicily in February 1212 by Pope Innocent III, since an agreement between Frederick and the Pope stated that the kingdoms of Germany and Sicily should not be united under one ruler. However, after the death of the Pope in 1216, Frederick called his son Henry to Germany and entrusted him with the Duchy of Swabia. After the end of the Zähringen line in 1219 Henry also received the title of Rector of Burgundy, though that ti ...

See also:

Henry VII of Germany, Henry VII of Germany - Biography

Read more here: » Henry VII of Germany: Encyclopedia II - Henry VII of Germany - Biography