1229 - Events. March 18 - Sixth Crusade of Emperor Frederick II ends in truce with Sultan al-Kamil and coronation of Frederick as King of Jerusalem. Catalans capture island of Majorca from Muslims. University of Paris strike of 1229. Foundation of the University of Toulouse in Toulouse, France. Founding of the city of Turku, Finland. 1229 - Births. 1229 - Deaths. January 17 - Alber ...

Including:

• 1229 - Events
• 1229 - Births
• 1229 - Deaths

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1232 - Births. Arnolfo di Cambio, Florentine architect (died 1310) Manfred of Sicily (approximate date; died 1266) Bernard Saisset, Occitan bishop of Pamiers (died 1311) 1232 - Deaths. July 18 - John de Braose, Marcher lord of Bramber and Gower Michael Scot, Scottish mathematicoan and astrologer (born 1175) Tolui, son of Genghis Khan (born c. 1190) William III of Sicily executed (born 1190) ...

Including:

• 1232 - Events
• 1232 - Births
• 1232 - Deaths
• 1232 - Monarchs/Presidents

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The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Ayyubid Dynasty was founded by Saladin (Salah ah-Din), who, with his uncle Shirkuh, conquered Egypt for the Zengid King Nur ad-Din of Damascus in 1169. In 1171, Saladin deposed the last Fatimid Caliph, but he gradually became estranged from his former master. When Nur ed-Din died in 1174, Saladin declared war against Nur ed-Din's young son, As-Salih Ismail, and seized Damascus. Ismail fled ...

Including:

• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Damascus
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Aleppo
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Hamah
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Homs
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Yemen
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Rulers of the Jezireh

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Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a "theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the catholic or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. By extension, [heresy is an] opinion or doctrine in philosophy, politics, science, art, etc., at variance with those generally accepted as authoritative." Heresy - Etymology. The word "heresy" comes from ...

Including:

• Heresy - Etymology
• Heresy - Religious heresy
• Heresy - Christianity
• Heresy - Heresy in Judaism
• Heresy - Heresy in Islam
• Heresy - Contemporary heresy

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Execution by burning is a particularly painful and unpleasant way to die, with a long history as a method of punishment for crimes such as treason and for other unpopular acts such as heresy and the practice of witchcraft. For a number of reasons, this method of execution fell into disfavor among governments. The particular form of execution by burning in which the condemned is bound to a large stake is more commonly called burning at the stake. Execution by burning - Cause of death. If the fire were ...

Including:

• Execution by burning - Cause of death
• Execution by burning - Historical usage
• Execution by burning - Modern Burnings
• Execution by burning - Notes

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The Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229) was a brutal 20-year military campaign initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the religion practiced by the Cathars of Languedoc, which the Roman Catholic hierarchy considered heretical. It is historically significant for a number of reasons: the violence inflicted was extreme even by medieval standards; the church offered legally sanctioned dominion over conquered lands to northern French nobles and the King of France, acting as essentially Catholic mercenaries, who then nearly doubled ...

Including:

• Albigensian Crusade - Origin
• Albigensian Crusade - Crusades
• Albigensian Crusade - Initial success 1209 to 1215
• Albigensian Crusade - Revolts and reverses 1216 to 1225
• Albigensian Crusade - French King intervenes
• Albigensian Crusade - Inquisition

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Danylo of Galicia (Ukrainian: Данило Галицький, Danylo Halyts’kyi), (1201-1264) was the 1st King of Galicia, Knyaz of Halych (1205–1206, 1211–1212, 1229–1231, 1233–1235, 1238–1255), Peremyshl (1211), and Volodymyr-Volynsky (1212–1231). He was crowned by a papal archbishop in Dorohychyn 1253/1255 as the 1st King of Galicia (1253–1264). Danylo of Halych - Biography. In 1205, after the death of his father, Roman Mstyslavyc ...

Including:

• Danylo of Halych - Biography
• Danylo of Halych - Family
• Danylo of Halych - Mother
• Danylo of Halych - Father
• Danylo of Halych - Wives
• Danylo of Halych - Brother
• Danylo of Halych - Sisters
• Danylo of Halych - Sons
• Danylo of Halych - Daughters

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The Armenian Quarter is one of the four quarters of the Old City of Jerusalem. It might appear that the Armenian quarter would be a part of the Christian Quarter, since virtually all Armenians residing in Jerusalem are Christians, yet for historical reasons the Armenian quarter has remained separate and has not suffered the same disruptions as the other quarters over the last thousand years. Although the smallest of the four quarters, with the fewest residents, the Armenians and their patriarchate remain staunchly independent and pres ...

Including:

• Armenian Quarter - The Armenian people and their establishment in Jerusalem: 95 BC–640 AD
• Armenian Quarter - The First Muslim Period 638–1099
• Armenian Quarter - The Crusader Periods 1099–1187 1229–1244
• Armenian Quarter - 1260–1517—The Mamluk period
• Armenian Quarter - The Ottoman Period 1517–1917
• Armenian Quarter - Struggles over the Holy sites
• Armenian Quarter - The British Mandate Period—1917–1948
• Armenian Quarter - The 1948 War and Jordanian Rule 1948–1967
• Armenian Quarter - The 1967 War and Israeli Rule—1967–present

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Mallorca (in Catalan, Spanish, and English; also called Majorca in English) is one of the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Illes Balears), which are located in the Mediterranean Sea and are part of Spain. Like the other Balearic Islands Ibiza (Catalan: Eivissa), Formentera, and Minorca ("minor island", Catalan: Menorca), the island is a popular tourist destination. In Germany, where package tourism to Mallorca has been popular since the 1960s, it has become a synonym for mass tourism and also for birdwatchers. The name derives from Latin insula ma ...

Including:

• Mallorca - History
• Mallorca - Language
• Mallorca - Politics

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1207 - Births. September 8 - King Sancho II of Portugal September 30 - Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, Persian poet and Sufi mystic (died 1273) October 1 - King Henry III of England (died 1272) Henry II, Duke of Brabant (died 1248) Elisabeth of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary and saint (died 1231) Philip I of Savoy (died 1285) 1207 - Deaths. Amaury of Bene, heretic Kaloyan, Tsar of Bulgaria ...

Including:

• 1207 - Events
• 1207 - Births
• 1207 - Deaths
• 1207 - Monarchs/Presidents

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1179 - Events. Third Council of the Lateran condemned Waldensians and Cathars as heretics, institutes a reformation of clerical life, and creates the first "ghettos" for Jews Afonso I is recognized as the true King of Portugal by Pope Alexander III, bringing Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Castillian monarchy Philip II is crowned King of France Aberdeen is chartered by William the Lion Westminster School founded by the monks of Westminster Abbey ...

Including:

• 1179 - Events
• 1179 - Births
• 1179 - Deaths

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1224 - Births. 1224 - Deaths. Cathal Crobdearg Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht (born 1153) Hojo Yoshitoki, regent of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan (born 1163) 1224 - Monarchs/Presidents. Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned from 1217 to 1252) Holy See - Honorius III pope (fro ...

Including:

• 1224 - Events
• 1224 - Births
• 1224 - Deaths
• 1224 - Monarchs/Presidents

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Yaqut (Yaqut ibn-'Abdullah al-Rumi al-Hamawi) (1179 - 1229) was an Syrian biographer and geographer. "al-Rumi" refers to his Greek parentage, "al-Halawi" means that he is from Hala, Syria, and ibn-Abdullah means his father's name was Abdullah. He is famous for the books Mujem al-baladan (معجم البلدان, Mu'jam al-udaba' , "Yaqut's Dictionary of Learned Men") written in 1226 CE, and Kitab mu'jam al-budan("Book of Countries") (finished in 1228). He also wrote the al-Mushtarak wadh'a wa al-Muftaraq Sa'qa ( المشترک وضعا و المفترق صعقا ), ...

Including:

• Yaqut al-Hamawi - Reference

Read more here: » Yaqut al-Hamawi: Encyclopedia - Yaqut al-Hamawi

Ögedei, (also Ögädäi, Ögedäi, Ogotai, etc.) (1186-1241), was the third son of Genghis Khan. He succeeded his father to rule as the second great Khan of the Mongol Empire. He continued the expansion the empire that his father had begun. Like all of Genghis' primary sons, he participated extensively in conquests in Western China and Central Asia. He was elected supreme khan in 1229, according to the kuriltai held after Genghis' death, although this was never really in doubt as it was Genghis' clear wish ...

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1165 - Events. November 23 - Pope Alexander III enters Rome. Emperor Rokujō ascends to the throne of Japan. He is one year old. William I becomes King of Scotland. Andronicus I escapes from prison. Henry II of England begins affair with Rosamund Clifford. Henry II of England invades Wales but is forced to retreat. Moslems take Caesarea Philippi from Crusaders. Leipzig gains city and market privileges. 1165 - Births< ...

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• 1165 - Events
• 1165 - Births
• 1165 - Deaths

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For a more comprehensive historical treatment of the area, see the history section of Khuzestan. Ahvaz - Ancient history. First named Ōhrmazd-Ardašēr it was built near the beginning of the Sassanid dynasty on what historians believe to have been the site of the old city of Taryana, a notable city under the Persian Achaemenid dynasty. It was founded either by Ardashir I in 230 (cf. Encyclopedia Iranica, al-Muqaddasi, et al.) or (according to the Middle Persian Šahrestānīhā ī ...

See also:

Ahvaz, Ahvaz - History, Ahvaz - Ancient history, Ahvaz - Medieval history, Ahvaz - Modern history of Ahvaz, Ahvaz - Contemporary Ahvaz, Ahvaz - Some famous Ahvazis

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Philip de Barry founded the priory of St. Thomas à Becket at Ballybeg for the Canons Regular of St. Augustine in 1229. His grandson, David Óg de Barry, enlarged the revenues of the priory in 1251. Ballybeg was an extensive foundation, the priory church measuring some 166 feet in length and 26 feet in width. The cloister, situated on the south side of the church was 90 feet square. The priory complex also incorporated a substantial gatehouse as well as columbarium, the inside walls of which are built in square compartments in regular ...

See also:

Buttevant, Buttevant - Origins of the name, Buttevant - History, Buttevant - Ballybeg Priory, Buttevant - The Franciscan Friary, Buttevant - Cahirmee horse fair, Buttevant - Literary history, Buttevant - Miscelllaneous

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Unlike the invasions of previous religions and cultures, the coming of Islam, which was spread by Arabs, was to have pervasive and long-lasting effects on the Maghrib. The new faith, in its various forms, would penetrate nearly all segments of society, bringing with it armies, learned men, and fervent mystics, and in large part replacing tribal practices and loyalties with new social norms and political idioms. Nonetheless, the Islamization and Arabization of the region were complicated and lengthy processes. Whereas nomadic Berbers w ...

See also:

Rise of Islam in Algeria, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Islam and the Arabs 642–1830, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Fatimids, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Almoravids, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Almohads, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Zayyanids, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Marabouts, Rise of Islam in Algeria - European Offensive, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Privateers, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Reference

Read more here: » Rise of Islam in Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Rise of Islam in Algeria - Islam and the Arabs 642–1830

The city of Venice, previously a dependency of the Byzantine Empire, had established its independence of any eastern or western emperor as early as the ninth century. In the High Middle Ages, Venice became extremely wealthy through its control of trade to the Levant, and began to expand into the Adriatic Sea and beyond. The Venetian fleet was crucial to the sack of Constantinople by crusaders in the Fourth Crusade in 1204. As a result of the partition of the Byzantine Empire which followed, Venice gained a great deal of territory in the Aegean Sea, including the islands of Crete and Euboea. Later, in 1489, the island of Cyprus, previ ...

See also:

Republic of Venice, Republic of Venice - History, Republic of Venice - Government, Republic of Venice - Footnotes

Read more here: » Republic of Venice: Encyclopedia II - Republic of Venice - History

Settlements in the region of Rapperswil date back at least 5000 years. The castle was first mentioned in 1229. The town was founded when the nobility of Rapperswil moved from Altendorf across the lake to Rapperswil. The town was soon acquired by the Habsburg family who in 1358 built the wooden bridge across the lake. Later on, the town bought itself free and made an alliance with the Swiss confederation. Because of its strategic location along important infrastructure the town grew rich because of flourishing trade. This allowed a cer ...

See also:

Rapperswil, Rapperswil - History, Rapperswil - Rapperswil-Jona

Read more here: » Rapperswil: Encyclopedia II - Rapperswil - History