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1210 | A Wisdom Archive on 1210 |  | 1210 A selection of articles related to 1210 |  |
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1210, 1210, 1210 - Births, 1210 - Deaths, 1210 - Events, Law of Attraction, Practising Law of Attraction, Law of Attraction for Prosperity, Law of Attraction for Love, Law of Attraction - Obstacles
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1210 |  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Legacy
Genghis Khan - In most of the world.
Historians and scientists are looking into positive aspects of Genghis Khan's conquests. Genghis Khan, successor Khans and Mongols are credited to bringing the Silk Route under one cohesive political environment. Theoretically this allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia by expanding the horizon of all three areas. Genghis Khan is widely becoming known for his advocacy of religious tolerance among his populace and also his ...
See also:Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents, Genghis Khan - Notes Read more here: » Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Legacy |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Name and titleThere are many theories for the origins of Temujin's title; this uncertainty is fueled by the fact that later members of the Mongol Empire associated the name with the Mongol word for strength, "ching", though this does not fit the etymology. One theory about the etymology suggests the name stems from a palatalised version of the Mongolian and Turkish word tenggiz, meaning "ocean," "oceanic" or "wide-spreading". Lake Baikal and ocean were called tenggiz by the Mongols. However it seems that if they had meant to call Genghis ...
See also:Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents, Genghis Khan - Notes Read more here: » Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Name and title |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Modern DescendentsA geneticist claims that Genghis Khan's 40-year policy of systematic rape of female prisoners led to 16m male descendants alive today who carry his chromosome.
Genghis Khan has been identified as the most successful alpha male in human history, according to a book by an Oxford geneticist.
The Mongol emperor inseminated so many women in his 40-year career raping and pillaging across Asia that he created a pool of at least 16m male desc ...
See also:Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents, Genghis Khan - Notes Read more here: » Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Jerusalem - The Kingdom of AcreFor the next hundred years, the Kingdom of Jerusalem clung to life as a tiny kingdom hugging the Syrian coastline. Its capital was moved to Acre and at best, it included only a couple of other significant cities (Beirut, Tyre), as well as suzerainty over Tripoli and Antioch. Saladin died in 1193, and his sons fought with each other as much as they did with the crusader kingdom. Henry of Champagne died accidentally in 1197 and Isabella married for a fourth time, to Amalric of Lusignan, Guy's brother. A Fourth Crusade was planned after the failure of the Third, but it resulted in the sack of Constantinople in 1 ...
See also:Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Foundation and early history, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Life in the kingdom, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Demographics, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Economy, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Government and legal system, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in the mid-12th century, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Disaster and recovery, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Loss of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade, Kingdom of Jerusalem - The Kingdom of Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Arms of Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Sources, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Primary sources, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Secondary sources Read more here: » Kingdom of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Jerusalem - The Kingdom of Acre |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Name and titleThere are many theories for the origins of Genghis' title; this uncertainty is fueled by the fact that later members of the Mongol Empire associated the name with the Mongol word for strength, "ching", though this does not fit the etymology. One theory about the etymology suggests the name stems from a palatalised version of the Mongolian and Turkish word tenggiz, meaning "ocean," "oceanic" or "wide-spreading". Lake Baikal and ocean were called tenggiz by the Mongols. However it seems that if they had meant to call Genghis t ...
See also:Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Civilians, Genghis Khan - Property and cultural treasures, Genghis Khan - Division of Mongol Empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Notes Read more here: » Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Name and title |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - The British in PunjabBy 1845 the British had moved 32,000 troops to the Sutlej frontier, ostensibly to secure their northernmost possessions against the succession struggles in the Punjab. In late 1845, British and Sikh troops engaged near Ferozepur, beginning the First Anglo-Sikh War. The war ended the following year, and the territory between the Sutlej and the Beas was ceded to Britain, along with Kashmir, which ...
See also:History of the Punjab, History of the Punjab - Introduction, History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans, History of the Punjab - Vedic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Epic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Paninian Punjab, History of the Punjab - Persian Domination, History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms, History of the Punjab - Sakas Kushanas and Hephthalites, History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom, History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power, History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab, History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan, History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline Read more here: » History of the Punjab: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and PakistanIn terms of area, Pakistan obtained roughly 70% of the Punjab in 1947, including most of the population, which was Muslim. More than 10 million Hindus and Sikhs were forced to leave Pakistani Punjab due to fierce communal violence and pressures from the new Islamic state's government. The population transfer took place on frightening levels, leaving a small number of Muslims in East, Indian Punjab, and some miserly numbers of Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistani Punjab.
Some controversial decisions of the Radcliffe boundary commissions exace ...
See also:History of the Punjab, History of the Punjab - Introduction, History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans, History of the Punjab - Vedic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Epic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Paninian Punjab, History of the Punjab - Persian Domination, History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms, History of the Punjab - Sakas Kushanas and Hephthalites, History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom, History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power, History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab, History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan, History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline Read more here: » History of the Punjab: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline500,000 Years: Pre-historic and Proto-historic existance of early mankind
2500 - 1500 B.C.: Harappa Culture
2500 - 700 B.C.: Rigvedic Aryan Civilization
599 B.C.: Jainism
567 - 487 B.C.: Budha
550 B.C - 600 A.D.: Budhism remained prevelent
550 - 515 B.C.: Persian Invasion to west of Indus River
326 B.C.: Alexander's Invasion
322 - 298 B.C.: Chandra Gupta Maurya Period
273 - 232 B.C.: Ashoka's Period
125 - 160 B.C.: Rise of the Sakas (Scythians known as Jat ancestors)
2 B.C.: Beginning of Rule of the Sakas.
See also: History of the Punjab, History of the Punjab - Introduction, History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans, History of the Punjab - Vedic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Epic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Paninian Punjab, History of the Punjab - Persian Domination, History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms, History of the Punjab - Sakas Kushanas and Hephthalites, History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom, History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power, History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab, History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan, History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline Read more here: » History of the Punjab: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Poland of the JagiellonsAngevin Dynasty
1370-1382 — Ludwik the Hungarian
1384-1399 — Jadwiga Angevin (crowned King of Poland; from 1386, reigned together with her husband, Władysław II Jagiełło)
Jagiellon Dynasty
1386-1434 — Władysław II Jagiełło (to 1399, reigned together with his wife Jadwiga)
1434-1444 — Władysław III of Varna (so called, because killed at the Battle of Varna)
1447-1492 — Kazimierz IV Jagiellon
1492-1501 — Jan I Olbracht
1501-1506 — Aleksander Jagiellon
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See also:List of Polish monarchs, List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Poland of the Piasts, List of Polish monarchs - Early Piasts, List of Polish monarchs - Fragmentation, List of Polish monarchs - Late Piasts, List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, List of Polish monarchs - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, List of Polish monarchs - Partitions 1795-1918, List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, List of Polish monarchs - Duchy of Warsaw, List of Polish monarchs - Congress Kingdom, List of Polish monarchs - Grand Duchy of PoznaÅ„ Read more here: » List of Polish monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empireAfter Muhammad's death in 1206, his general Qutb-ud-din Aybak took control of Muhummad's Indian empire, including Afghanistan, the Punjab, and northern India. Qutb-ud-din moved his capital of the empire from Ghazni to Lahore, and, after becoming Sultan, to Delhi; the empire he founded was called the Sultanate of Delhi. His successors were known as the Mamluk or Slave dynasty, and ruled from his death in 1210 to 1290. The Mongols, who had conquered Muhammad Ghori's former possessions in Central Asia, continued to encroach on the Sultan ...
See also:History of the Punjab, History of the Punjab - Introduction, History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans, History of the Punjab - Vedic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Epic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Paninian Punjab, History of the Punjab - Persian Domination, History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms, History of the Punjab - Sakas Kushanas and Hephthalites, History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom, History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power, History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab, History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan, History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline Read more here: » History of the Punjab: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi KingdomFollowing the birth of Islam in Arabia in the 6th century, the Muslims rose to power, replacing Persia as the major power to the west of India. In 711-713 Muslim armies conquered Sind and advanced into the southern Punjab, occupying Multan. Multan became a center of the Ismaili sect of Islam. The northern Punjab was divided into small Hindu kingdoms.
The Hindu Shahi dynasty ruled much of the Punjab, as well as western Afghanistan, from the mid-ninth to the early eleventh centuries. The Shahi Kingdom was originally based in Kabul, and later spread across the Punjab. Kabul was lost to Turkic Mu ...
See also:History of the Punjab, History of the Punjab - Introduction, History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans, History of the Punjab - Vedic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Epic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Paninian Punjab, History of the Punjab - Persian Domination, History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms, History of the Punjab - Sakas Kushanas and Hephthalites, History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom, History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power, History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab, History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan, History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline Read more here: » History of the Punjab: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Indo-AryansMain articles: Aryan invasion theory, Vedic civilization
Factors in the civilization's decline likely included a change in weather patterns and unsustainable urbanization (i.e., without any rural agricultural production base). Another factor is reported to be the series of migrations along with raids by the Aryans from the northwest (roughly 1700-1500 BCE, see Indo-Iranians). The next one thousand years of the history of the Punjab (1500 BCE up to 500 BCE) is dominated by the Indo-Aryans and their interactions with the Natives of the Indus basin.
< ...
See also:History of the Punjab, History of the Punjab - Introduction, History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans, History of the Punjab - Vedic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Epic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Paninian Punjab, History of the Punjab - Persian Domination, History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms, History of the Punjab - Sakas Kushanas and Hephthalites, History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom, History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power, History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab, History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan, History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline Read more here: » History of the Punjab: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Persian DominationOf the sixteen great kingdoms (solas Mahajanapadas) that evolved prior to the rise of Buddhism in ancient Indian sub-continent, only the two viz. Gandhara and Kamboja lied in the north-west region commonly known as Uttarapatha. Eastern parts of ancient Gandhara and Kamboja constituted the north-western parts of ancient Panjab (Greater Panjab) which lay at the eastern edge of the great Persian Empire. Both these ancient kingdoms appear to have fallen prey to Achaemenian Dynasty of Persia during the reign of Achaemenid, Cyrus the Great (558-53 ...
See also:History of the Punjab, History of the Punjab - Introduction, History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans, History of the Punjab - Vedic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Epic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Paninian Punjab, History of the Punjab - Persian Domination, History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms, History of the Punjab - Sakas Kushanas and Hephthalites, History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom, History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power, History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab, History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan, History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline Read more here: » History of the Punjab: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Persian Domination |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdomsIn the eighth decade of fourth century BCE, the companions of Alexander the Great did not record the names of Gandhara and/or the Kamboja and rather located a dozen small political units in their territories. This rules out the possibility of rise of Gandhara and/or Kamboja as great kingdoms in the second and third quarters of fourth century BCE. In 326 BC, most of these political units of the former Gandhara/Kamboja Mahajanapadas were conquered by Alexander.
The Macedonian conqueror made short shrifts of the arrangements of Darius an ...
See also:History of the Punjab, History of the Punjab - Introduction, History of the Punjab - Indo-Aryans, History of the Punjab - Vedic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Epic Punjab, History of the Punjab - Paninian Punjab, History of the Punjab - Persian Domination, History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms, History of the Punjab - Sakas Kushanas and Hephthalites, History of the Punjab - Muslim invasions and the Shahi Kingdom, History of the Punjab - The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire, History of the Punjab - The Rise of Sikh Power, History of the Punjab - The British in Punjab, History of the Punjab - The Punjab of India and Pakistan, History of the Punjab - Punjab History Timeline Read more here: » History of the Punjab: Encyclopedia II - History of the Punjab - Alexander's Invasion and the Indo-Greek kingdoms |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - List of Polish monarchs - Polish-Lithuanian CommonwealthValois Dynasty
1573-1574 — Henryk III Walezy (abandoned the Polish-Lithuanian throne)
Jagiellon Dynasty
1575-1586 — Anna Jagiellon (from 1576, reigned together with her husband, Stefan Batory)
House of Báthory
1576-1586 — Stefan Batory (reigned together with his wife, Anna Jagiellon)
Vasa Dynasty
1587-1632 — Zygmunt III Vasa
1632-1648 — Władysław IV Vasa
1648-1668 — Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (abdicated)
House of WiÅ ...
See also:List of Polish monarchs, List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Poland of the Piasts, List of Polish monarchs - Early Piasts, List of Polish monarchs - Fragmentation, List of Polish monarchs - Late Piasts, List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, List of Polish monarchs - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, List of Polish monarchs - Partitions 1795-1918, List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, List of Polish monarchs - Duchy of Warsaw, List of Polish monarchs - Congress Kingdom, List of Polish monarchs - Grand Duchy of PoznaÅ„ Read more here: » List of Polish monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Polish monarchs - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - List of Polish monarchs - Partitions 1795-1918
List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.
Habsburg Dynasty
1772-1780 — Maria Theresa of Austria
1780-1790 — Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
1790-1792 — Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
1792-1835 — Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
1835-1848 — Ferdinand I of Austria
1848-1916 — Franz Joseph I of Austria
1916-1918 — Karl I of Austria
List of Polish monarchs - Duchy of Warsaw.
Wettin Dynasty
1807-1815 — Frederick Augustus I of S ...
See also:List of Polish monarchs, List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Poland of the Piasts, List of Polish monarchs - Early Piasts, List of Polish monarchs - Fragmentation, List of Polish monarchs - Late Piasts, List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, List of Polish monarchs - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, List of Polish monarchs - Partitions 1795-1918, List of Polish monarchs - Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, List of Polish monarchs - Duchy of Warsaw, List of Polish monarchs - Congress Kingdom, List of Polish monarchs - Grand Duchy of PoznaÅ„ Read more here: » List of Polish monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Polish monarchs - Partitions 1795-1918 |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - Makuria - SourcesMakuria is by far the best-known kingdom of Christian Nubia, but there are still many gaps in our knowledge. The most important source for the history of the area is various Arab travelers and historians who passed through Nubia during this period. The accounts are often problematic as many of the Arab writers were biased against their Christian neighbours, and these works generally focus on only the military conflicts between Egypt and Nubia.[2] One except ...
See also:Makuria, Makuria - Sources, Makuria - History, Makuria - Origins, Makuria - Height, Makuria - Decline, Makuria - Economy, Makuria - Government, Makuria - Religion, Makuria - Culture, Makuria - Rulers, Makuria - Notes Read more here: » Makuria: Encyclopedia II - Makuria - Sources |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - Makuria - EconomyThe main economic activity in Makuria was agriculture, with farmers growing several crops a year of barley, millet, and dates. The methods used were generally the same that had been used for millennia. Small plots of well irrigated land were lined along the banks of the Nile, which would be fertilized by the river's annual flooding. One important technological advance was the saqiya, an oxen-powered water wheel, that was introduced in the Roman period and helped increase yields and population density.See also:Makuria, Makuria - Sources, Makuria - History, Makuria - Origins, Makuria - Height, Makuria - Decline, Makuria - Economy, Makuria - Government, Makuria - Religion, Makuria - Culture, Makuria - Rulers, Makuria - Notes Read more here: » Makuria: Encyclopedia II - Makuria - Economy |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - Makuria - GovernmentMakuria was a monarchy ruled by a king based in Dongola. The king was also considered a priest and could perform mass. [18] How succession was decided is not clear. Early writers indicate it was from father to son. After the eleventh century, however, it seems clear that Makuria was using the uncle-to-sister's-son system favoured for millennia in Kush. Shinnie speculates that the later form may have actually been used throughout, and that the early Arab wri ...
See also:Makuria, Makuria - Sources, Makuria - History, Makuria - Origins, Makuria - Height, Makuria - Decline, Makuria - Economy, Makuria - Government, Makuria - Religion, Makuria - Culture, Makuria - Rulers, Makuria - Notes Read more here: » Makuria: Encyclopedia II - Makuria - Government |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - Makuria - ReligionOne of the most debated issues among scholars is over the religion of Makuria. Up to the fifth century the old faith of Meroe seems to have remained strong, even while its counterpart in Egypt disappeared. In the fifth century the Nubians went so far as to launch an invasion of Egypt, during which the Christians tried to turn some of the main temples into churches.[24] Archaeological evidence in this period finds a number of Christian ornaments in Nubia ...
See also:Makuria, Makuria - Sources, Makuria - History, Makuria - Origins, Makuria - Height, Makuria - Decline, Makuria - Economy, Makuria - Government, Makuria - Religion, Makuria - Culture, Makuria - Rulers, Makuria - Notes Read more here: » Makuria: Encyclopedia II - Makuria - Religion |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - List of kings of Persia - Shahs of modern IranThe modern Iranian monarchy was established in 1502 after the Safavid Dynasty came to power under Shah Ismail I, and ended the so-called "fourth era" of political fragmentation.
List of kings of Persia - Safavid dynasty 1502–1736.
Ismail I, 1502–1524
Tahmasp I, 1524–1576
Ismail II, 1576–1578
Mohammad I Khodabanda, 1578–1587 or 1588
Abbas I the Great, 1587 or 1588 -1629
Safi I, 1629–1642
Abbas II, 1642–1666 or 1667
Suleiman I (Safi II), 1666 or 1667–1694
Husayn, 1694–1722
See also:List of kings of Persia, List of kings of Persia - Early realms in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC, List of kings of Persia - Jiroft Kingdom c. 2500 BC, List of kings of Persia - Empire of Medians and Persians, List of kings of Persia - Median Dynasty 728–550 BC, List of kings of Persia - Achaemenid dynasty 550–330 BC, List of kings of Persia - Hellenistic rulers, List of kings of Persia - Argead Dynasty 330–310 BC, List of kings of Persia - Seleucid dynasty 305–164 BC, List of kings of Persia - Parthian dynasty Arsacid dynasty 247 BC – AD 224, List of kings of Persia - Sassanid dynasty AD 224–651, List of kings of Persia - Rulers after the advent of Islam in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Arab caliphs rule, List of kings of Persia - Tahirids in Khorasan 821–872, List of kings of Persia - Alavids 864–928, List of kings of Persia - Ziyarids 928–1043, List of kings of Persia - Buyyids 932–1056, List of kings of Persia - Saffarids in Seistan and beyond 861–1002, List of kings of Persia - Samanids Proto-Tajiks 892–998, List of kings of Persia - Ghaznavids 997–1186, List of kings of Persia - Seljuk Turks 1029–1194, List of kings of Persia - Khwarazmids 1096–1230, List of kings of Persia - Ilkhans 1256–1380, List of kings of Persia - Muzaffarid Dynasty 1314–1393, List of kings of Persia - Timurid dynasty 1380–1507, List of kings of Persia - Shahs of modern Iran, List of kings of Persia - Safavid dynasty 1502–1736, List of kings of Persia - Afsharid dynasty 1736–1749, List of kings of Persia - Zand dynasty 1750–1794, List of kings of Persia - Qajar dynasty 1796–1925, List of kings of Persia - Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979 Read more here: » List of kings of Persia: Encyclopedia II - List of kings of Persia - Shahs of modern Iran |
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|  |  |  | 1210: Encyclopedia II - List of kings of Persia - Sassanid dynasty AD 224–651
See also: List of kings of Persia, List of kings of Persia - Early realms in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC, List of kings of Persia - Jiroft Kingdom c. 2500 BC, List of kings of Persia - Empire of Medians and Persians, List of kings of Persia - Median Dynasty 728–550 BC, List of kings of Persia - Achaemenid dynasty 550–330 BC, List of kings of Persia - Hellenistic rulers, List of kings of Persia - Argead Dynasty 330–310 BC, List of kings of Persia - Seleucid dynasty 305–164 BC, List of kings of Persia - Parthian dynasty Arsacid dynasty 247 BC – AD 224, List of kings of Persia - Sassanid dynasty AD 224–651, List of kings of Persia - Rulers after the advent of Islam in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Arab caliphs rule, List of kings of Persia - Tahirids in Khorasan 821–872, List of kings of Persia - Alavids 864–928, List of kings of Persia - Ziyarids 928–1043, List of kings of Persia - Buyyids 932–1056, List of kings of Persia - Saffarids in Seistan and beyond 861–1002, List of kings of Persia - Samanids Proto-Tajiks 892–998, List of kings of Persia - Ghaznavids 997–1186, List of kings of Persia - Seljuk Turks 1029–1194, List of kings of Persia - Khwarazmids 1096–1230, List of kings of Persia - Ilkhans 1256–1380, List of kings of Persia - Muzaffarid Dynasty 1314–1393, List of kings of Persia - Timurid dynasty 1380–1507, List of kings of Persia - Shahs of modern Iran, List of kings of Persia - Safavid dynasty 1502–1736, List of kings of Persia - Afsharid dynasty 1736–1749, List of kings of Persia - Zand dynasty 1750–1794, List of kings of Persia - Qajar dynasty 1796–1925, List of kings of Persia - Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979 Read more here: » List of kings of Persia: Encyclopedia II - List of kings of Persia - Sassanid dynasty AD 224–651 |
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