1210

Main article: County of Jaffa and Ascalon Jaffa, on the Mediterranean coast, was fortified after the First Crusade, and was a separate county until the revolt of Hugh II of Le Puiset in 1134. Afterwards, it was usually held directly by the royal family or one of their relatives. After 1153 it was the double County of Jaffa and Ascalon, when the Egyptian fortress of Ascalon was conquered. It passed in and out of direct royal control, and became titular after the fall of Acre in 1291. A number of seigneuries were vassals to the Count of Jaffa:

Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Introduction, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Northern States, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Inheritance in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - County of Jaffa and Ascalon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ramla, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ibelin, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Mirabel, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Principality of Galilee, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Beirut, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nazareth, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Haifa, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Sidon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of the Schuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Other seigneuries, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Adelon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Arsuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Bethsan, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Blanchegarde, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caesarea, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caymont, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Dera, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Hebron, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Montgisard, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nablus, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Scandeleon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Tyre, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Seigneury of Joscelin III of Edessa

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The poet Shota Rustaveli commemorated Tamar in his epic poem The Knight in the Panther's Skin, in which her coronation gave Rustaveli the historical background for his sublime description of the coronation of Tinatin. Chakhrukhadze was another Georgian poet of that time who devoted his poem “Tamariani” to the Queen. Numerous folk songs, poems and legends are also dedicated to her. Tamar’s frescos ar ...

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Tamar of Georgia, Tamar of Georgia - Life, Tamar of Georgia - Issues, Tamar of Georgia - Tamar’s Grave, Tamar of Georgia - Tamar in Georgian Literature and Art, Tamar of Georgia - Title

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Oriel has a reputation for its success in rowing, in particular the two college rowing events Torpids and Eights Week. In 2005 they kept "Head of the River" in Torpids and rowed over second in Eights Week. Since 2001, Oriel College students have chosen not to be affiliated to the University-wide Students' Union, OUSU. The college has a reputation for students to be more Right-leaning than the other Oxford colleges. This is no longer the case. As well as rooms for accommodation, the buildings of Oriel include the Chapel, Hall, two libraries, a bar, and common rooms for dons, graduates and undergraduates. T ...

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Oriel College Oxford, Oriel College Oxford - History, Oriel College Oxford - Buildings and environs, Oriel College Oxford - First Quadrangle, Oriel College Oxford - Second Quadrangle, Oriel College Oxford - St Mary Hall/Third Quadrangle, Oriel College Oxford - The Island site, Oriel College Oxford - James Mellon Hall, Oriel College Oxford - Oriel Street, Oriel College Oxford - The College arms, Oriel College Oxford - The College grace, Oriel College Oxford - Student life, Oriel College Oxford - Notable former students, Oriel College Oxford - Notable former academics/teachers, Oriel College Oxford - Notable former Provosts, Oriel College Oxford - Academics/teachers

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City is located in the middle of the fertile valley and has 800-years old cultural and historical heritage, carefully cherished traditions which underlie the tourist development of Požega. The importance of the region may also be seen in its Roman name: Vallis Aurea, or the Golden Valley. The central town square with a number of nice buildings (the church of the Holy Spirit, the Franciscan monastery, the Town House, etc.) and a plague colum ...

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Požega, Požega - History, Požega - Economy, Požega - Festivities and Events, Požega - Sports and recreation, Požega - Famous people from Požega

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The major sports event, auto and motor cycling race (in June and August), is held at the Glavica race-track. The sports hall Grabrik, a track and field athletics stadium, the Orljava river and the surrounding hills are major sports and recreational facilities of Požega and its surroundings. Angling opportunities are provided on the Orljava and Veličanka rivers, and there is also small game hunting in the lowlands and high game in the nearby hills. Traditional Slavonia-style specialities and w ...

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Požega, Požega - History, Požega - Economy, Požega - Festivities and Events, Požega - Sports and recreation, Požega - Famous people from Požega

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Miskolc is located at 48°6′0″N, 20°46′60″E. The city lies at the meeting point of different geographical regions – east from the Bükk mountains, in the valley of the river Sajó and the streams Hejő and Szinva. According to the 2001 Census the city has a total area of 236.68 km². The ground level is gradually rising, the difference between the highest ...

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Miskolc, Miskolc - Geography, Miskolc - Demographics, Miskolc - History, Miskolc - Historical population, Miskolc - Economy, Miskolc - City parts of Miskolc, Miskolc - Avas, Miskolc - Belváros Downtown, Miskolc - Diósgyőr, Miskolc - Egyetemváros University Town, Miskolc - Hejőcsaba and Görömböly, Miskolc - Lillafüred, Miskolc - Martintelep, Miskolc - Miskolctapolca, Miskolc - Alsóhámor Bükkszentlászló Felsőhámor Ómassa Szirma, Miskolc - Tourist sights, Miskolc - Downtown, Miskolc - Diósgyőr, Miskolc - Lillafüred, Miskolc - Miskolctapolca, Miskolc - Near to the city, Miskolc - Public transport, Miskolc - Famous people, Miskolc - Born in Miskolc, Miskolc - Lived in Miskolc, Miskolc - Twin towns of Miskolc

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Victorian Maundy coins are quite common, as anybody could order a set from a bank, however in 1908, King Edward VII ordered that they should only be supplied to their recipients and people connected with the service, so coins dated 1909 and later are considerably scarcer than those which preceded them—although of course the quantity increases as the reign gets longer. (In 2005 Queen Elizabeth II turns 79, and thus 79 men and 79 women each received 79 pence in Maundy Money on March 24.) Under a special privilege granted by Queen Elizabeth I, students in the youngest class of Westminster School also rece ...

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Maundy money, Maundy money - History of the Maundy ceremony, Maundy money - Maundy coinage, Maundy money - Availability of the coins, Maundy money - Coin obverses

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Little is known about his early years, but Temüjin was born sometime around 11621 in Hentiy, Mongolia. His birthplace was most likely the mountainous area of Burhan Haldun. He was the eldest son of Yesükhei, a tribal chief of the Kiyad. Yesükhei's clan was called Borjigin (Боржигин), and his mother, Hoelun, was of the Olkhunut tribe of the Mongol confederation. Based on legends and later writers, Temüjin's early life was difficult. His father delivered him to his fut ...

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Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents, Genghis Khan - Notes

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The main opponent of the Mongols by around c. 1100 were the Naimans to the west, the Merkits to the north and the Tatars to the east. By 1190, Temüjin and his advisors had united together the Mongol confederation only. As an incentive for absolute obedience and following of his code of laws, the Yasa code, he promised civilians and fighters wealth from future possible battle. Genghis Khan began his slow ascent to power by allying himself with his father's anda (sworn brother or blood brother). Genghis's ally was Toghrul, Khan ...

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Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents, Genghis Khan - Notes

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Genghis Khan - Politics and economics. Main article: Organization of state under Genghis Khan The Mongol Empire was governed by civilian and military code, called the Yassa code. An interesting aspect of Mongol Empire was it did not emphasize the importance of biological and cultural ethnicity and race among nomadic groups. The exception was the role of Genghis Khan and his family. The Mongol Empire was therefore one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse empires in histor ...

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Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents, Genghis Khan - Notes

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Genghis Khan - Politics and economics. The Mongol Empire was governed by civilian and military code, called the Yassa code. An interesting aspect of Mongol Empire was it did not emphasize the importance of biological and cultural ethnicity and race among nomadic groups. The exception was the role of Genghis Khan and his family. The Mongol Empire was therefore one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse empires in history, as befitted its size. Many of the empire's nomadic inhabitants considered thems ...

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Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Notes

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The main opponent of the Mongols by around c. 1100 were the Naimans to the west, the Merkits to the north and the Tatars to the east. By 1190, Temüjin and his advisors had united together the other steppe people. As an incentive for absolute obedience and following of his code of laws, the Yasa code, he promised civilians and fighters wealth from future possible battle. Genghis Khan began his slow ascent to power by allying himself with his father's anda (sworn brother or blood brother). Genghis's ally was Toghrul, Kha ...

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Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Notes

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Before the last Latin Christian duke, Jacopo IV Crispo, was deposed in 1566 by Sultan Selim II, he was already paying the Sultan tribute. The Sultan's appointed representative, the last Duke of Archipelago (1566-79) was a Portuguese Marrano, Joseph Nasi. The Sultan's policy was based on the expectation that a foreign Jew would not be able to win support from the Orthodox Naxiotes to establish an independent rule. Joseph Nasi was married to his cousin, Dona Reyna, an intrepid heiress whose family had fled Spain with their fortune at the Expul ...

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Duchy of the Archipelago, Duchy of the Archipelago - Background and foundation, Duchy of the Archipelago - Administration and economics, Duchy of the Archipelago - Later history, Duchy of the Archipelago - Collapse and Ottoman conquest, Duchy of the Archipelago - Other Venetian territories in the Aegean, Duchy of the Archipelago - Dukes of the Archipelago, Duchy of the Archipelago - Sanudo dynasty, Duchy of the Archipelago - Crispo dynasty, Duchy of the Archipelago - Pretenders of the Duchy of the Archipelago Naxos Islands

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The medieval Dundrum Castle with circular keep and massive walls is set high on a hill overlooking the sea. It was built shortly before 1210, on an earlier fortified earthwork, from which the place-name element 'dun' derives. The building was begun by John de Courcy, who led the 1177 Anglo-Norman invasion of East Ulster. The castle was to guard the land routes from Drogheda via Greencastle to Downpatrick. It was visited by King John in 1210, who spent money for minor works to the castle and paid for a garrison there. Subsequently the castle was held by the Earls of Ulster and, from th ...

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Dundrum County Down, Dundrum County Down - History, Dundrum County Down - Places of Interest, Dundrum County Down - People, Dundrum County Down - 2001 Census, Dundrum County Down - The Troubles

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Dundrum is classified as a village by the NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) (ie with population between 1,000 and 2,250 people). On Census day (29 April 2001) there were 1,065 people living in Dundrum. Of these: 23.1% were aged under 16 and 18.1% were aged 60 and over 49.6% of the population were male and 50.4% were female 57.3% were from a Catholic background and 39.0% were from a Protestant background 4.1% of people aged 16-74 were unemployed. For mor ...

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Dundrum County Down, Dundrum County Down - History, Dundrum County Down - Places of Interest, Dundrum County Down - People, Dundrum County Down - 2001 Census, Dundrum County Down - The Troubles

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The State Examinations Commission and the Athlone Institute of Technology are both located on the east side of town. The State Examinations Commission is responsible for the preparation and marking of the Junior Certificate and the Leaving Certificate examinations. The Athlone Institute of Technology is a third-level institution which currently provides National Certificates, National Diplomas and degree level studies. A new library opened with modern and state-of-the-art facilities and services in October 2004. The town's tourist office is ...

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Athlone, Athlone - History, Athlone - Education and industry, Athlone - Amenities, Athlone - Property in Athlone, Athlone - Buy to Let

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It is not entirely clear what Genghis Khan's personality was truly like, but his personality and character were doubtless molded by the many hardships he faced when he was young, and in unifying the Mongol nation. Genghis appeared to fully embrace the Mongol people's nomadic way of life, and did not try to change their customs or beliefs. As he aged, he seemed to become increasingly aware of the consequences of numerous victories and expansion of the Mongol Empire, including the possibility that succeeding generations might choose to live a ...

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Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents, Genghis Khan - Notes

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List of kings of Persia, List of kings of Persia - Early realms in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC, List of kings of Persia - Jiroft Kingdom c. 2500 BC, List of kings of Persia - Empire of Medians and Persians, List of kings of Persia - Median Dynasty 728–550 BC, List of kings of Persia - Achaemenid dynasty 550–330 BC, List of kings of Persia - Hellenistic rulers, List of kings of Persia - Argead Dynasty 330–310 BC, List of kings of Persia - Seleucid dynasty 305–164 BC, List of kings of Persia - Parthian dynasty Arsacid dynasty 247 BC – AD 224, List of kings of Persia - Sassanid dynasty AD 224–651, List of kings of Persia - Rulers after the advent of Islam in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Arab caliphs rule, List of kings of Persia - Tahirids in Khorasan 821–872, List of kings of Persia - Alavids 864–928, List of kings of Persia - Ziyarids 928–1043, List of kings of Persia - Buyyids 932–1056, List of kings of Persia - Saffarids in Seistan and beyond 861–1002, List of kings of Persia - Samanids Proto-Tajiks 892–998, List of kings of Persia - Ghaznavids 997–1186, List of kings of Persia - Seljuk Turks 1029–1194, List of kings of Persia - Khwarazmids 1096–1230, List of kings of Persia - Ilkhans 1256–1380, List of kings of Persia - Muzaffarid Dynasty 1314–1393, List of kings of Persia - Timurid dynasty 1380–1507, List of kings of Persia - Shahs of modern Iran, List of kings of Persia - Safavid dynasty 1502–1736, List of kings of Persia - Afsharid dynasty 1736–1749, List of kings of Persia - Zand dynasty 1750–1794, List of kings of Persia - Qajar dynasty 1796–1925, List of kings of Persia - Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979

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Following King John's death Llywelyn concluded a treaty, the Peace of Worcester, with his successor Henry III in 1218 whereby he was confirmed in possession of all his recent conquests. From then until his death Llywelyn was a dominant force in Wales, though there were further outbreaks of hostilities with marcher lords such as the Marshall family and Hubert de Burgh and sometimes with the king. Hostilities broke out with William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke in 1220, and Llywelyn destroyed the castles of Narberth and Wiston, burned the town of ...

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Llywelyn the Great, Llywelyn the Great - Early Life, Llywelyn the Great - Consolidation, Llywelyn the Great - Later reign, Llywelyn the Great - Marital problems, Llywelyn the Great - The Succession, Llywelyn the Great - Death and aftermath

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Until 1820 ordinary silver coinage was used for the Maundy money, but from 1822 special coins were minted in values of 1, 2, 3, and 4 pence. Each set of Maundy money therefore contains 10 pence, and recipients would be given an appropriate number of complete sets, plus a part-set when appropriate. The dimensions and reverse designs of the coins have not changed since 1822, although their composition has changed over the years (not necessarily in ways which would be expected): 1 penny : weight 0.5 grams, diameter 11 m ...

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Maundy money, Maundy money - History of the Maundy ceremony, Maundy money - Maundy coinage, Maundy money - Availability of the coins, Maundy money - Coin obverses

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List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC. The Elamites were a people located in Susa, in what is now Khuzestan province. Their language was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, and they were the geographic precursors of the Persian/Median empire that later appeared. Some have offered evidence for a linguistic kinship between Elamite and the modern Dravidian languages of Southern India (see "Elamo-Dravidian languages") but this is not universally accepted. The proto-Elamites live ...

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List of kings of Persia, List of kings of Persia - Early realms in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC, List of kings of Persia - Jiroft Kingdom c. 2500 BC, List of kings of Persia - Empire of Medians and Persians, List of kings of Persia - Median Dynasty 728–550 BC, List of kings of Persia - Achaemenid dynasty 550–330 BC, List of kings of Persia - Hellenistic rulers, List of kings of Persia - Argead Dynasty 330–310 BC, List of kings of Persia - Seleucid dynasty 305–164 BC, List of kings of Persia - Parthian dynasty Arsacid dynasty 247 BC – AD 224, List of kings of Persia - Sassanid dynasty AD 224–651, List of kings of Persia - Rulers after the advent of Islam in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Arab caliphs rule, List of kings of Persia - Tahirids in Khorasan 821–872, List of kings of Persia - Alavids 864–928, List of kings of Persia - Ziyarids 928–1043, List of kings of Persia - Buyyids 932–1056, List of kings of Persia - Saffarids in Seistan and beyond 861–1002, List of kings of Persia - Samanids Proto-Tajiks 892–998, List of kings of Persia - Ghaznavids 997–1186, List of kings of Persia - Seljuk Turks 1029–1194, List of kings of Persia - Khwarazmids 1096–1230, List of kings of Persia - Ilkhans 1256–1380, List of kings of Persia - Muzaffarid Dynasty 1314–1393, List of kings of Persia - Timurid dynasty 1380–1507, List of kings of Persia - Shahs of modern Iran, List of kings of Persia - Safavid dynasty 1502–1736, List of kings of Persia - Afsharid dynasty 1736–1749, List of kings of Persia - Zand dynasty 1750–1794, List of kings of Persia - Qajar dynasty 1796–1925, List of kings of Persia - Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979

Read more here: » List of kings of Persia: Encyclopedia II - List of kings of Persia - Early realms in Iran

Joan of England (July 22, 1210 – March 4, 1238), was the first legitimate daughter and third child of King John of England and Isabella of Angouleme. Joan married King Alexander II of Scotland on June 21, 1221, at York Minster. He was aged 23, she was 11. They would have no children. Joan died in Essex in 1238, and was buried at Tarant Crawford Abbey in Dorset. Sources Tewkesbury Annals W ...

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Joan of England, Joan of England - Queen Consort of Sicily, Joan of England - Joan Queen Consort of Scotland, Joan of England - Joan Lady of Wales died 1236, Joan of England - Joan of the Tower

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