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11th century BC | A Wisdom Archive on 11th century BC |  | 11th century BC A selection of articles related to 11th century BC |  |
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11th century BC, 11th century BC, 11th century BC - Events, 11th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions, 11th century BC - Significant persons, Law of Attraction, Practising Law of Attraction, Law of Attraction for Prosperity, Law of Attraction for Love, Law of Attraction - Obstacles
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 11th century BC |  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Zoroaster - Date of ZoroasterOne of the most important, and dividing, of all issues regarding the Persian history is “the date of Zoroaster”, that is the date when he lived and composed his Gathas. Different sources ranging from linguistic evidence to textual sources and traditional dates have been used by various scholars to determine the date of Zoroaster. Accordingly, any date from the 6th century BC to 6000 BC has been suggested, although some with more merit than others. Here we shall ...
See also:Zoroaster, Zoroaster - Name, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in History, Zoroaster - Life, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in Historical Context, Zoroaster - Date of Zoroaster, Zoroaster - Zoroastrian teachings, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in the West, Zoroaster - Contemporary views, Zoroaster - Bibliography Read more here: » Zoroaster: Encyclopedia II - Zoroaster - Date of Zoroaster |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Zoroaster - Zoroastrian teachingsThe teachings of Zoroaster are presented in seventeen liturgical, texts, or "hymns", the yasna which is divided into groups called Gāthās.
If basic precepts of Zoroastrianism are to be distilled into a single maxim, the maxim is Humata, Hukhta, Huvarshta (Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds).
A cosmic struggle between Aša "The Truth" (Pahlavi Ahlāyīh) and Druj "The Lie" (Pahlavi Druz) is presented as the foundation of our existence. This is often related to a struggle between ...
See also:Zoroaster, Zoroaster - Name, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in History, Zoroaster - Life, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in Historical Context, Zoroaster - Date of Zoroaster, Zoroaster - Zoroastrian teachings, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in the West, Zoroaster - Contemporary views, Zoroaster - Bibliography Read more here: » Zoroaster: Encyclopedia II - Zoroaster - Zoroastrian teachings |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Zoroaster - Zoroaster in Historical ContextTextual evidence regarding the birthplace of Zoroaster is conflicting. Yasnas 9 & 17 cite Airyanem Vaējah, "Homeland of the Aryans" (Pahlavi Ērān Wēj), on the Ditya River, as the home of Zoroaster, and the scene of his first appearance. The Būndahišn or Creation (20, 32 and 24, 15) says the Dhraja River in Ērān Wēj was his birth-place, and the home of his father. This same text identifies Ērān Wēj with the district of Arran on the river Aras (Araxes), close by the north-western ...
See also:Zoroaster, Zoroaster - Name, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in History, Zoroaster - Life, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in Historical Context, Zoroaster - Date of Zoroaster, Zoroaster - Zoroastrian teachings, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in the West, Zoroaster - Contemporary views, Zoroaster - Bibliography Read more here: » Zoroaster: Encyclopedia II - Zoroaster - Zoroaster in Historical Context |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Writing - Writing in Historical Cultures
Writing - Mesopotamia.
The original Mesopotamian writing system was initially derived from a system of clay tokens used to represent commodities. By the end of the 4th millennium BC, this had evolved into a method of keeping accounts, using imprints of a wedge-shaped stylus (hence the term cuneiform), at first only for numbers, and finally a general purpose writing system, initially used to represent Sumerian. This writing system was originally a logographic writing system, but had begun to evolve p ...
See also:Writing, Writing - Methods for recording information, Writing - Tools, Writing - Writing in Historical Cultures, Writing - Mesopotamia, Writing - Egypt, Writing - Phoenician writing system and descendents, Writing - China, Writing - Indus Valley, Writing - Elsewhere, Writing - Creation of text or information, Writing - Creativity, Writing - Author, Writing - Critiques Read more here: » Writing: Encyclopedia II - Writing - Writing in Historical Cultures |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Hathor - Bloodthirsty warriorThe Middle Kingdom was founded when Upper Egypt's Pharaoh, Mentuhotep II, took control over Lower Egypt, which had become independant during the First Intermediate Period by force. This unification had been achieved by a brutal war that was to last some 28 years, but when it ceased, calm returned, and the reign of the next Pharaoh, Mentuhotep III, was peaceful, and Egypt once again became prosperous. A tale, from the per ...
See also:Hathor, Hathor - The divine waterway, Hathor - Goddess of Motherhood, Hathor - Fertility goddess, Hathor - Musician, Hathor - Bloodthirsty warrior, Hathor - Wife of Thoth, Hathor - Later years, Hathor - Hathor outside the Nile, Hathor - Other spellings Read more here: » Hathor: Encyclopedia II - Hathor - Bloodthirsty warrior |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Hathor - Wife of ThothWhen Horus was identified as Ra, under the name Ra-Herakhty, Hathor's position became unclear, since she had been the wife of Ra, but mother of Horus, whose wife was Isis. Many attempts to solve this gave Ra-Herakhty a new wife, Ausaas, to solve this issue around who Ra-Herakhty's wife was. However, this left open the question of how Hathor could be his mother, since this would imply that Ra-Herakhty was a ...
See also:Hathor, Hathor - The divine waterway, Hathor - Goddess of Motherhood, Hathor - Fertility goddess, Hathor - Musician, Hathor - Bloodthirsty warrior, Hathor - Wife of Thoth, Hathor - Later years, Hathor - Hathor outside the Nile, Hathor - Other spellings Read more here: » Hathor: Encyclopedia II - Hathor - Wife of Thoth |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Second intermediate periodThe Second Intermediate Period is a period of disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New Kingdom. It is best known as when the Hyksos made their appearance in Egypt, whose reign comprised the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties.
The Thirteenth Dynasty was much weaker than the Twelfth Dynasty, and was unable to hold onto the long land of Egypt. The provincial ruling family in Xois, located in the marshes of the western Delta, broke ...
See also:List of pharaohs, List of pharaohs - Archaic period, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Lower Egypt, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Upper Egypt, List of pharaohs - First Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Old Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - First intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Seventh and Eighth Dynasties combined, List of pharaohs - Ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Tenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Eleventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Middle Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Twelfth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Thirteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Seventeenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - New Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Eighteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Nineteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twentieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - High Priests of Amun at Thebes, List of pharaohs - Twenty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Third intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - The Libu, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Late period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-seventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-eighth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirtieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Argead Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Ptolemaic Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Rome Read more here: » List of pharaohs: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Second intermediate period |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - First intermediate periodThe First Intermediate Period is the period between the end of the Old Kingdom and the advent of the Middle Kingdom.
The Old Kingdom rapidly collapsed after the death of Pepi II. He had reigned for 94 years, longer than any monarch in history, and died aged 100. The latter years of his reign were marked by ineffeciency because of his advanced age.
The Union of the Two Kingdoms fell apa ...
See also:List of pharaohs, List of pharaohs - Archaic period, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Lower Egypt, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Upper Egypt, List of pharaohs - First Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Old Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - First intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Seventh and Eighth Dynasties combined, List of pharaohs - Ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Tenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Eleventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Middle Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Twelfth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Thirteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Seventeenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - New Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Eighteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Nineteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twentieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - High Priests of Amun at Thebes, List of pharaohs - Twenty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Third intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - The Libu, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Late period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-seventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-eighth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirtieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Argead Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Ptolemaic Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Rome Read more here: » List of pharaohs: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - First intermediate period |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Old KingdomThe Old Kingdom is period in the third millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilisational complexity and achievement (the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods which mark the high points of civilisation in the Nile Valley), spanning the period when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty through to the Sixth Dynasty (2630 – 2151 BC). Many Egyptologists also include the Memphite Seventh and Eighth Dynasties in the Old Kingdom as a continuation of the administration centralised at Memphis. The Old Kingdom was fol ...
See also:List of pharaohs, List of pharaohs - Archaic period, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Lower Egypt, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Upper Egypt, List of pharaohs - First Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Old Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - First intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Seventh and Eighth Dynasties combined, List of pharaohs - Ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Tenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Eleventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Middle Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Twelfth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Thirteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Seventeenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - New Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Eighteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Nineteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twentieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - High Priests of Amun at Thebes, List of pharaohs - Twenty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Third intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - The Libu, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Late period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-seventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-eighth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirtieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Argead Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Ptolemaic Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Rome Read more here: » List of pharaohs: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Old Kingdom |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - History of Greece - Medieval GreeceThe history of the Byzantine Empire is described by scholar August Heisenberg as the history "of the Roman state of the Greek nation, that turned Christian". The division of the empire into East and West and the subsequent collapse of the Western Roman Empire were developments that constantly accentuated the position of the Greeks in the empire and eventually allowed them to become identified with it altogether. The leading role of Constantinople began when Constantine the Great turned Byzantium into the new capital of the Roman Empire, henceforth to be known as Constantinople, placing the city at the centre of Hellenism a ...
See also:History of Greece, History of Greece - Aegean civilization: prehistoric Greece, History of Greece - Mycenaean Greece Bronze Age, History of Greece - Greek Dark Ages, History of Greece - Ancient Greece, History of Greece - Hellenistic Greece, History of Greece - Roman Period, History of Greece - Medieval Greece, History of Greece - Ottoman Rule and the Rise of Modern Greece, History of Greece - Creation of the Modern Greek State Read more here: » History of Greece: Encyclopedia II - History of Greece - Medieval Greece |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - History of Greece - Creation of the Modern Greek StateThe Ottomans ruled Greece until the early 19th century. In 1821, the Greeks rebelled in the Greek War of Independence and declared their independence, but did not succeed until 1829. The elites of powerful European nations saw the war of Greek independence, with its accounts of Turkish atrocities, in a romantic light (see, for example, the 1824 painting Massacre of Chios by Eugène Delacroix). Scores of non-Greeks volunteered to fight for the cause—including, for example Lord Byron—and indeed at times the Ottomans seemed on the po ...
See also:History of Greece, History of Greece - Aegean civilization: prehistoric Greece, History of Greece - Mycenaean Greece Bronze Age, History of Greece - Greek Dark Ages, History of Greece - Ancient Greece, History of Greece - Hellenistic Greece, History of Greece - Roman Period, History of Greece - Medieval Greece, History of Greece - Ottoman Rule and the Rise of Modern Greece, History of Greece - Creation of the Modern Greek State Read more here: » History of Greece: Encyclopedia II - History of Greece - Creation of the Modern Greek State |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - New KingdomThe New Kingdom is the period covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th century BC to the 11th century BC, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period.
Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. It expanded far into Nubia in the south, and held wide territories in the Near East. Egyptian armies fought with ...
See also:List of pharaohs, List of pharaohs - Archaic period, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Lower Egypt, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Upper Egypt, List of pharaohs - First Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Old Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - First intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Seventh and Eighth Dynasties combined, List of pharaohs - Ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Tenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Eleventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Middle Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Twelfth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Thirteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Seventeenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - New Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Eighteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Nineteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twentieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - High Priests of Amun at Thebes, List of pharaohs - Twenty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Third intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - The Libu, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Late period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-seventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-eighth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirtieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Argead Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Ptolemaic Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Rome Read more here: » List of pharaohs: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - New Kingdom |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Third intermediate periodThe Third Intermediate Period marked the end of the New Kingdom after a suprise invasion from the Sea People. A number of dynasties of Libyan origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period.
List of pharaohs - Twenty-second Dynasty.
The pharaohs of the Twenty-second Dynasty were Libyans, ruling from around 945 to 720 BC:
List of pharaohs - Twenty-third Dynasty.
The Twenty-third Dynasty was a local group, again of Libyan origin, based at Leontopolis, that ruled from 836 to 720 ...
See also:List of pharaohs, List of pharaohs - Archaic period, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Lower Egypt, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Upper Egypt, List of pharaohs - First Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Old Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - First intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Seventh and Eighth Dynasties combined, List of pharaohs - Ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Tenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Eleventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Middle Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Twelfth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Thirteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Seventeenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - New Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Eighteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Nineteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twentieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - High Priests of Amun at Thebes, List of pharaohs - Twenty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Third intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - The Libu, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Late period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-seventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-eighth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirtieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Argead Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Ptolemaic Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Rome Read more here: » List of pharaohs: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Third intermediate period |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Troy - Archaeological TroyThe layers of ruins on the site are numbered Troy I – Troy IX, with various subdivisions:
Troy I – Troy IV: early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC)
Troy V: 20th – 18th centuries BC.
Troy VI: 17th – 15th centuries BC.
Troy VIh: late Bronze Age, 14th century BC
Troy VIIa: ca. 1300 – 1190 BC, most likely candidate for Homeric Troy.
Troy VIIb1: 12th century BC
Troy VIIb2: 11th century BC
Troy VIIb3: until ca. 950 BC
Troy VIII: around 700 BC
Troy IX: Hellenistic Ilium, 1st century BC
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See also:Troy, Troy - Legendary Troy, Troy - Homeric Troy, Troy - Archaeological Troy, Troy - Troy I–V, Troy - Troy VI, Troy - Troy VII, Troy - Troy IX, Troy - Excavation campaigns, Troy - Schliemann, Troy - Dörpfeld Blegen, Troy - Korfmann, Troy - Hittite evidence, Troy - Homeric Ilion and historical Wilusa, Troy - Status of the Iliad, Troy - The Iliad as essentially legendary, Troy - The Iliad as essentially historical, Troy - Tourism, Troy - Troy in later legend Read more here: » Troy: Encyclopedia II - Troy - Archaeological Troy |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Troy - Excavation campaigns
Troy - Schliemann.
With the rise of modern critical history, Troy and the Trojan War were consigned to the realms of legend. In the 1870s (in two campaigns, 1871-73 and 1878/9), however, the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavated a hill, called Hissarlik by the Turks, near the town of Chanak (Çanakkale) in north-western Anatolia. Here he discovered the ruins of a series of ancient cities, dating from the Bronze Age to the Roman period. Schliemann declared one of these cities—at first Troy I, later Troy II—to be the city of Troy, and this ide ...
See also:Troy, Troy - Legendary Troy, Troy - Homeric Troy, Troy - Archaeological Troy, Troy - Troy I–V, Troy - Troy VI, Troy - Troy VII, Troy - Troy IX, Troy - Excavation campaigns, Troy - Schliemann, Troy - Dörpfeld Blegen, Troy - Korfmann, Troy - Hittite evidence, Troy - Homeric Ilion and historical Wilusa, Troy - Status of the Iliad, Troy - The Iliad as essentially legendary, Troy - The Iliad as essentially historical, Troy - Tourism, Troy - Troy in later legend Read more here: » Troy: Encyclopedia II - Troy - Excavation campaigns |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Troy - Homeric TroyIn the Iliad, the Achaeans set up their camp near the mouth of the river Scamander (modern Karamenderes), where they had beached their ships. The city of Troy itself stood on a hill, across the plain of Scamander, where the battles of the Trojan War took place. The site of the ancient city today is some 15 kilometers from the coast, but the ancient mouths of Scamander, some 3,000 years ago, were some 5 kilometers further inland, pouring into a bay that has sinc ...
See also:Troy, Troy - Legendary Troy, Troy - Homeric Troy, Troy - Archaeological Troy, Troy - Troy I–V, Troy - Troy VI, Troy - Troy VII, Troy - Troy IX, Troy - Excavation campaigns, Troy - Schliemann, Troy - Dörpfeld Blegen, Troy - Korfmann, Troy - Hittite evidence, Troy - Homeric Ilion and historical Wilusa, Troy - Status of the Iliad, Troy - The Iliad as essentially legendary, Troy - The Iliad as essentially historical, Troy - Tourism, Troy - Troy in later legend Read more here: » Troy: Encyclopedia II - Troy - Homeric Troy |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Middle KingdomThe Middle Kingdom is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to be beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. In addition to blah blahTwelfth Dynasty, some scholars include the Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties in the Middle Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom can be noted for the expansion of trade outside of the kingdom that occurred during this time. This opening of trade eventually led to the downfall of the Middle Kingdom, induced by an invasion from the Hyksos
List of pharaohs - Twelfth Dynasty.
The Twelfth Dynasty ruled from 1991 to 1802 BC, and is consi ...
See also:List of pharaohs, List of pharaohs - Archaic period, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Lower Egypt, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Upper Egypt, List of pharaohs - First Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Old Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - First intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Seventh and Eighth Dynasties combined, List of pharaohs - Ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Tenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Eleventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Middle Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Twelfth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Thirteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Seventeenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - New Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Eighteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Nineteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twentieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - High Priests of Amun at Thebes, List of pharaohs - Twenty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Third intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - The Libu, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Late period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-seventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-eighth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirtieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Argead Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Ptolemaic Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Rome Read more here: » List of pharaohs: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Middle Kingdom |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Late periodThe Late Period runs from 732 BC to Egypt becoming a province of Rome in 30 BC, and includes periods of rule by Nubians, Persians, and Macedonians.
List of pharaohs - Twenty-fifth Dynasty.
Nubians invaded Egypt in 732 BC and took the throne of Egypt, establishing the Twenty-fifth Dynasty which ruled until 656 BC.
They were ultimately driven back into Nubia, where they established a kingdom at Napata (656-590), and, later, at Meroë (590 BC-4th cent. AD).
List of pharaohs - Twenty-sixth Dynasty.
The Twen ...
See also:List of pharaohs, List of pharaohs - Archaic period, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Lower Egypt, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Upper Egypt, List of pharaohs - First Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Old Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - First intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Seventh and Eighth Dynasties combined, List of pharaohs - Ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Tenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Eleventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Middle Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Twelfth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Thirteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Seventeenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - New Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Eighteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Nineteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twentieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - High Priests of Amun at Thebes, List of pharaohs - Twenty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Third intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - The Libu, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Late period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-seventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-eighth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirtieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Argead Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Ptolemaic Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Rome Read more here: » List of pharaohs: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Late period |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - History of Greece - Roman PeriodMilitarily Greece itself declined to the point that the Romans conquered the land (168 BC onwards), though Greek culture would in turn conquer Roman life. Although the period of Roman rule in Greece is conventionally dated as starting from the sacking of Corinth by the Roman Lucius Mummius in 146 BC, Macedonia had already come under Roman control with the defeat of its king, Perseus, by the Roman Aemilius Paullus at Pydna in 168 BC. The Romans divided the region into four smaller republics, and in 146 BC Macedonia officially became a Roman p ...
See also:History of Greece, History of Greece - Aegean civilization: prehistoric Greece, History of Greece - Mycenaean Greece Bronze Age, History of Greece - Greek Dark Ages, History of Greece - Ancient Greece, History of Greece - Hellenistic Greece, History of Greece - Roman Period, History of Greece - Medieval Greece, History of Greece - Ottoman Rule and the Rise of Modern Greece, History of Greece - Creation of the Modern Greek State Read more here: » History of Greece: Encyclopedia II - History of Greece - Roman Period |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - History of Greece - Hellenistic GreeceThe Hellenistic period of Greek history begins with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and ends with the annexation of the Greek peninsula and islands by Rome in 146 BC. Although the establishment of Roman rule did not break the continuity of Hellenistic society and culture, which remained essentially unchanged until the advent of Christianity, it did mark the end of Greek political independence.
During the Hellenistic period the importance of "Greece proper" (that is, the territory of modern Greece) within the Greek-speaking ...
See also:History of Greece, History of Greece - Aegean civilization: prehistoric Greece, History of Greece - Mycenaean Greece Bronze Age, History of Greece - Greek Dark Ages, History of Greece - Ancient Greece, History of Greece - Hellenistic Greece, History of Greece - Roman Period, History of Greece - Medieval Greece, History of Greece - Ottoman Rule and the Rise of Modern Greece, History of Greece - Creation of the Modern Greek State Read more here: » History of Greece: Encyclopedia II - History of Greece - Hellenistic Greece |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Henan - EconomyHenan’s total economic output is the sixth largest in China. The speed of economic development has increased by an average of about 10 percent each year for the past twenty years -- since its reform and opening to the outside. In 2003, its nominal GDP was US$ 85 billion, including 21 percent for the first industry, 48 percent for the second industry, and 31 percent for the tertiary industry. An industrial system with light textile, food, metallurgy, petrol, building materials, chemical industry, machinery and electronics as the main body h ...
See also:Henan, Henan - History, Henan - Geography, Henan - Administrative divisions, Henan - Demographics, Henan - Economy, Henan - Culture, Henan - Transportation, Henan - Tourism, Henan - Miscellaneous topics, Henan - Colleges and Universities Read more here: » Henan: Encyclopedia II - Henan - Economy |
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|  |  |  | 11th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Henan - CultureMost of Henan speaks dialects of Mandarin. Linguists put these dialects into the category of "Zhongyuan Mandarin". The northwestern corner of Henan is an exception, where people speak Jin dialects instead. The dialects of Henan are collectively called "the Henan dialect" in popular usage, with easily identifiable stereotypical features.
Henan opera is the local form of Chinese opera; it is also famous and popular across the rest of China. Henan Quju and Henan Yuediao are ...
See also:Henan, Henan - History, Henan - Geography, Henan - Administrative divisions, Henan - Demographics, Henan - Economy, Henan - Culture, Henan - Transportation, Henan - Tourism, Henan - Miscellaneous topics, Henan - Colleges and Universities Read more here: » Henan: Encyclopedia II - Henan - Culture |
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