11 March 2004 Madrid attacks

The first Bologna Centrale station was constructed in 1864, however there are sketchy and unclear testimonies regarding its life. A new station was to be built ten years after on the same grounds. The station as we know it today was designed and built by architect Gaetano Ratti of the Clementina architectural academy. Inspired by a neoclassic style, its distinctive fifteenth century facade opens in nine entrance doors, towered by the trademark clock tower with its marble pillars. The traveller building reminds of re ...

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Bologna Central Station, Bologna Central Station - History, Bologna Central Station - Terrorism

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Following the attacks, initial suspicions focused on the Basque armed separatist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna ("Basque Fatherland and Liberty") or ETA, although suggestions that the Islamist organisation al-Qaida was responsible were also immediately advanced. These suggestions were strengthened when a van was found parked outside the rail station at Alcalá de Henares, containing audio tapes of verses of the Qur'an, as well as clothes, cell phones and copper detonators. Furthermore, forensic analysis of an undetonated bomb found in a ...

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Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Investigation, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Letter, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Videotape, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Arrests, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Charges, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Political response, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Observances following the attacks, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - The Spanish general election

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On August 2, 1980 at 10.25 am, an improvised explosive device (IED) made with 20 kilograms of a TNT mixture, detonated inside Bologna's main train station. The IED was contained in a suitcase, which was placed near the wall inside a waiting lobby. The explosion killed 85 people and injured more than 200. The wing of the station in which the bomb detonated has been reconstructed but, as a testimony to the victims of the attack, the original pavement was maintained as well as a deep crack in the main wall. Moreover, the station main clock is f ...

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Bologna Central Station, Bologna Central Station - History, Bologna Central Station - Terrorism

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2 April is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. April 2 - Events. 69 - Galba, governor of Spain, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Roman emperors begun with Caesar and Augustus. 1453 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (İstanbul), which would fall on May 29 1513 - Juan Ponce de Leon sets foot on Florida becoming the first known European to ...

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• April 2 - Events
• April 2 - Births
• April 2 - Deaths

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April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. April 3 - Events. 33 - Crucifixion of Jesus (traditional date) 1077 - Creation of the first Parliament of Friuli 1559 - The treaty, Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, is signed, ending the Italian Wars. 1860 - The first successful Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins, and is completed on April 13). ...

Including:

• April 3 - Events
• April 3 - Births
• April 3 - Deaths
• April 3 - Holidays and observances

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Abu Hafiza (Arabic: أبو حافيزه ) is a Moroccan psychiatrist and elite member of Al Qaeda. Dr. Abu Hafiza is one of the master planners for Al Qaeda. In the Spring of 2003, while secretly traveling undetected to Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, Abu Hafiza recruited Al Qaeda combatants for the battles in Fallujah. He again secretly traveled undetected to Pakistan, in the fall of 2003, this time to the mountains of Waziristan, where he met Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri to propose strategies for Al Q ...

Including:

• Abu Hafiza - Quotes

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Spanish leaders across the political spectrum responded to the attacks by reaffirming democratic values. They also asserted that terrorists must not be allowed to achieve policy change through killings; a stance that is reiterated after every violent ETA action in Spain. In a press conference on 12 March, Prime Minister Aznar, while not discarding any line of investigation regarding the perpetrators, said that "this is not the time" to discuss past foreign policy decisions. He also announced 140 million euros in aid to victims, grante ...

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Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Investigation, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Letter, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Videotape, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Arrests, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Charges, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Political response, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Observances following the attacks, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - The Spanish general election

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Spain's Socialists scored a dramatic upset in elections 14 March, scoring an upset by defeating the Popular Party. It is believed that the result was widely attributed to anger amongst voters that the government was not, in their view, being honest about the investigation of the attacks, while initially blaming the attack on ETA. The government had insisted that its prime suspect in the bombings was ETA, even as evidence mounted of an Islamic l ...

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Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Investigation, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Letter, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Videotape, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Arrests, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Charges, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Political response, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Observances following the attacks, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - The Spanish general election

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On 19 March 2004, Spanish authorities publicly accused, for the first time, three Moroccans of direct involvement in the attacks. Spanish judge Juan del Olmo charged Jamal Zougam, Mohamed Bekkali and Mohamed Chaoui with 190 murders (those of bodies identified at the time), 1,400 attempted murders, and membership of a terrorist group. The three Moroccans claimed in court that they were at home in bed when the bombs went off and denied having anything to do with the attacks. Two Indian men, Vinay Kohly and Suresh Kumar, were ch ...

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Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Investigation, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Letter, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Videotape, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Arrests, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Charges, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Political response, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Observances following the attacks, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - The Spanish general election

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In the afternoon of 13 March 2004, seven suspects were arrested around Madrid in connection with the sale and falsification of a cellphone and pre-paid card found inside the unexploded backpack found at El Pozo station. Three of them were described as Moroccan citizens, two as Indian citizens, and two as Spaniards of Indian origin. The two Spaniards were picked up for questioning and were not formally arrested, but remained in custody the next day and were released two days later. The three Moroccans were identified as Jamal Zougam, 30; Moha ...

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Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Investigation, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Letter, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Videotape, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Arrests, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Charges, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Political response, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Observances following the attacks, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - The Spanish general election

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Protest turnout 11,400,000 (out of 40,000,000) Image:Flag spain black ribbon.png Flag of Spain with the black ribbon of national grief 11 March/Madrid: We do not forget you. In the wake of the attacks, Prime Minister Aznar declared three days of national mourning. Flags were lowered to half-mast and all television stations displayed a logo of a black ribbon. The European Parliament declared 11 March a memorial day to commemorate the victims of ...

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Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Investigation, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Letter, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Videotape, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Arrests, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Charges, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Political response, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - Observances following the attacks, Aftermath of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings - The Spanish general election

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Essentially, the smart mob is a practical implementation of collective intelligence. According to Rheingold, examples of smart mobs are the street protests organized by the anti-globalization movement. Other examples include: eBay — a collection of users who are empowered by the Internet and eBay to buy and sell and maintain the quality control over all transactions through the rating system. People can leave positive, negative or neutral feedback, depending on how they felt about their transaction with that seller. ...

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Smart mob, Smart mob - Examples

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After the 7 July 2005 London bombings, Google displayed a black ribbon as a mark of respect and sympathy. The ribbon at right is an example of the ribbons that where created at the time, but not specifically the version displayed by Google. Google also displayed a black ribbon on their website to support the Hurricane Katrina relief effort in September 2005. ...

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Black ribbon, Black ribbon - Grief for the March 11 attacks, Black ribbon - Grief for the Hurricane Katrina Victims, Black ribbon - London bombings, Black ribbon - Melanoma Awareness

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List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Algerian. Dahoumane, Abdelmajid, imprisoned in Algeria Lahmar, Sabir Mahfouz Zemiri, Ahcene List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Australian. Hicks, David faces trial by military commission List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Bahraini. Al Blooshi, Salah Abdul Rasool Al Khalifa, Shaikh Salman bin Ebrahim Al Dossary, Juma Mohammed Abdul Latif A ...

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List of alleged al-Qaeda members, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - At large free or status unknown, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Afghani, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Canadian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Comorian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Egyptian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Jordanian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Kenya, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Kuwaiti, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Lebanese, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Moroccan, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Palestine, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Saudi, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Sudan, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Syrian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - United Kingdom, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Yemen, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Unknown, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Alive and captured/in custody, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Algerian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Australian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Bahraini, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Canadian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Ethiopian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - French, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Indonesian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Kuwaiti, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Lebanese, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Libyan, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Pakistani, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Qatar, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Saudi Arabian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Somalian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Spain, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Sudanese, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Syrian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Tanzanian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Tunisian, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Turkish, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - United States, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Yemeni, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Unknown, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Dead, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Killed During Terrorist Action, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Killed by Authorities, List of alleged al-Qaeda members - Killed Other

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Israel Shamir - Jewish-Christian relations. Shamir is a strong believer that Jews should abandon Judaism and convert to Christianity. In The Marxists and the Lobby - Part II he states that "There is no tainted blood - acceptance of Christ is the Final Solution of the Jewish Question. … for the Jewish problem is an ideological, not a biological problem."[27] In his essay of April 15, 2001 called Take Two, he claims that Jesus "was hated by the Supply-side bankers and economist of his day. They sent ...

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Israel Shamir, Israel Shamir - Career, Israel Shamir - Shamir's own account, Israel Shamir - Shamir's account questioned, Israel Shamir - Shamir's response, Israel Shamir - Career, Israel Shamir - Shamir's controversial views, Israel Shamir - Jewish-Christian relations, Israel Shamir - Anti-Semitic Stereotypes, Israel Shamir - On Holocaust Denial, Israel Shamir - On Religion and the Palestine Conflict, Israel Shamir - Opposition to migration, Israel Shamir - Links with the Far-Right, Israel Shamir - Accusations of anti-Semitism, Israel Shamir - Bibliography, Israel Shamir - Books, Israel Shamir - Translations

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In July 1979, Bakr resigned, and his chosen successor, Saddām Husayn, assumed the offices of both President and Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council. He was the de facto ruler of Iraq for some years before he formally came to power. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war, the Iran-Iraq War (1980 – 1988, termed Qādisiyyat-Saddām – 'Saddām's Qādisiyyah'), eventually devastating the economy. Iraq declared victory in 1988 but actually achieved a weary return to the < ...

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History of Iraq, History of Iraq - Prehistory, History of Iraq - Ancient Times, History of Iraq - Mesopotamia, History of Iraq - Post-Sumerian civilizations, History of Iraq - Chaldeans, History of Iraq - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon, History of Iraq - Persian Domination; 550 BCE to 652 CE, History of Iraq - Ethnic Diversity & Religion, History of Iraq - The Arab conquest and the early Islamic period, History of Iraq - The Turkish Conquest, History of Iraq - Modern History, History of Iraq - The Iraqi Monarchy, History of Iraq - The Republic, History of Iraq - Rule Under Saddām, History of Iraq - Invasion of Kuwait and the Persian Gulf War, History of Iraq - Iraq under UN Sanction, History of Iraq - 2003 invasion of Iraq, History of Iraq - Coalition occupation of Iraq, History of Iraq - Coalition withdrawal

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Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Brazil. Anti-Americanism in Brazil can be traced partly to the military coup d'état against democratically elected President João Goulart of 1964, which was allegedly backed by the CIA, and which is claimed to have resulted in the murder, torture and exile of thousands of Brazilians. A large part of the opposition to th ...

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Anti-American sentiment in various countries, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - In North & South America, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Brazil, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Mexico, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Canada, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Cuba, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - In Asia and the Pacific, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - China, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Taiwan, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Japan, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Korea, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Australia, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Elsewhere in the Asia-Pacific Region, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - In Europe, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - France, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Spain, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - United Kingdom, Anti-American sentiment in various countries - Other Countries of the European Union

Read more here: » Anti-American sentiment in various countries: Encyclopedia II - Anti-American sentiment in various countries - In North & South America

The results of the treaty were wide ranging. Among other things, the Netherlands gained independence from Spain, ending the Eighty Years' War, and Sweden gained Pomerania, Wismar, Bremen and Verden. The power of the Holy Roman Emperor was broken, and the rulers of the German states were again able to determine the religion of their lands. The treaty also gave Calvinists legal recognition. Three new great powers arose from this peace: Sweden, the United Provinces and France. Sweden's time a ...

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Peace of Westphalia, Peace of Westphalia - Locations, Peace of Westphalia - Results, Peace of Westphalia - Tenets, Peace of Westphalia - Significance, Peace of Westphalia - Modern views, Peace of Westphalia - Trivia

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ETA - During Franco's dictatorship. ETA was founded by young nationalists, who were for a time affiliated with the PNV. Started in 1953 as a student discussion group at the University of Deusto in Bilbao, an offshoot of the PNV's youth group EGI, it was originally called EKIN, from the Basque-language verb meaning "to act"; the name had the meaning "get busy". [10], [11] On July 31, 1959 it reconstituted itself as ETA. Their split from the PNV was apparently because they considered the PNV too moderate in its opp ...

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ETA, ETA - Aims, ETA - Context, ETA - Social support, ETA - Tactics, ETA - Government Repression, ETA - Structure, ETA - Political support, ETA - History, ETA - During Franco's dictatorship, ETA - During the transition, ETA - Under democracy, ETA - Recent events, ETA - Other armed separatist movements, ETA - Other armed organizations that operated in the Basque Country, ETA - International links, ETA - Documentary films, ETA - Other films

Read more here: » ETA: Encyclopedia II - ETA - History

Ottoman rule over Iraq lasted until the Great War (World War I) when British forces invaded the country. During the invasion the British suffered a major defeat at the hands of the Turkish army near Kut. An armistice was signed in 1918. For Britain, Iraq was of strategic importance as it provided protection for the Anglo-Persian oil pipeline that was vital to the British Royal Navy. Iraq was carved out of the Ottoman Empire by the French and British as agreed in the Sykes-Picot Agreement. On 11 November 1920 it became a League of Nations mandate un ...

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History of Iraq, History of Iraq - Prehistory, History of Iraq - Ancient Times, History of Iraq - Mesopotamia, History of Iraq - Post-Sumerian civilizations, History of Iraq - Chaldeans, History of Iraq - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon, History of Iraq - Persian Domination; 550 BCE to 652 CE, History of Iraq - Ethnic Diversity & Religion, History of Iraq - The Arab conquest and the early Islamic period, History of Iraq - The Turkish Conquest, History of Iraq - Modern History, History of Iraq - The Iraqi Monarchy, History of Iraq - The Republic, History of Iraq - Rule Under Saddām, History of Iraq - Invasion of Kuwait and the Persian Gulf War, History of Iraq - Iraq under UN Sanction, History of Iraq - 2003 invasion of Iraq, History of Iraq - Coalition occupation of Iraq, History of Iraq - Coalition withdrawal

Read more here: » History of Iraq: Encyclopedia II - History of Iraq - Modern History