1186

Agnes died around 1184 and Baldwin IV finally succumbed to his leprosy in 1185, leaving Baldwin V as king with Raymond III as his regent. The succession crisis had prompted a mission to the west to seek assistance: in 1184, Patriarch Heraclius, along with Roger de Moulins, grand master of the Knights Hospitaller, and Arnaud de Toroge, grand master of the Knights Templar, travelled throughout the courts of Europe, but no help was forthcoming. The chronicler Ralph Niger reports that his enormous retinue and opulent dress offended the sensibili ...

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Baldwin V of Jerusalem, Baldwin V of Jerusalem - Baldwin V and the political factions, Baldwin V of Jerusalem - Baldwin as co-king of Jerusalem, Baldwin V of Jerusalem - Baldwin's succession and death, Baldwin V of Jerusalem - Consequences of Baldwin's death, Baldwin V of Jerusalem - Sources

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The imperial crown was offered to, and refused by, Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice. The choice then lay between Baldwin and Boniface of Montferrat. Baldwin was elected on May 9, 1204, and crowned on May 16. He was young, gallant, pious, and virtuous, one of the few who interpreted and observed his crusading vows strictly; the most popular leader in the host. Baldwin's wife Marie, unaware of these events, had sailed to Acre. There she learned of her husband's election as emperor, but ...

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Baldwin I of Constantinople, Baldwin I of Constantinople - Early life, Baldwin I of Constantinople - Count of Flanders and Hainaut, Baldwin I of Constantinople - Latin Emperor, Baldwin I of Constantinople - Children and Successors, Baldwin I of Constantinople - The False Baldwin

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Raymond also was drawn into the developing strife in the kingdom. Economically, the opposing sides were the established barons who drew regular income from their holdings, and the new crusaders, who wanted war spoils. Socially, these were arranged as a baronial party and a court party, the royal court being the best source of favour, military commands and other opportunities to become rich. The baronial party appreciated more peaceful relations, trade, and at least peaceful enjoyment of their agricultural incomes. Dynastically, Dowager Queen ...

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Raymond III of Tripoli, Raymond III of Tripoli - Early life, Raymond III of Tripoli - Regent of Jerusalem, Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond and the nobles' party, Raymond III of Tripoli - Battle of Hattin and death, Raymond III of Tripoli - Physical characteristics, Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond in fiction, Raymond III of Tripoli - Sources

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Stefan Nemanja was born in today's Montenegro. His rise to power began somewhere around 1166 when he rebelled against his older brother Tihomir who was the Byzantine vassal. In 1170 Nemanja defeated Tihomir at battle of Pantino. In 1172 he submitted to Emperor Manuel and was taken to Constantinople as prisoner. On his return he acted loyally towards Byzantine Empire. This however did not last following the death of Manuel in 1180, after which he took advantage of the Byzantine Empire internal problems and a more favorable internationa ...

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Stefan Nemanja, Stefan Nemanja - Stefan Nemanja 1166-1199, Stefan Nemanja - Abdication & Later Life, Stefan Nemanja - Marriage & Descendants, Stefan Nemanja - Source

Read more here: » Stefan Nemanja: Encyclopedia II - Stefan Nemanja - Stefan Nemanja 1166-1199

He was the son of Barisan of Ibelin, and brother of Hugh and Baldwin. His father had been a knight in the County of Jaffa, and had been rewarded with the lordship of Ibelin after the revolt of Hugh II of Le Puiset. Barisan married Helvis, heiress of the wealthy lordship of Ramla. Balian's name was also Barisan, but the pronunciation of the name in Old French changed to "Balian" in the course of the 12th century; he is sometimes known as Balian the Younger or Balian II when his father is also referred to as Balian. He is also called Balian of ...

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Balian of Ibelin, Balian of Ibelin - Early life, Balian of Ibelin - The nobles' faction, Balian of Ibelin - Dispute between Raymond and Guy, Balian of Ibelin - The Battle of Hattin, Balian of Ibelin - Defense of Jerusalem, Balian of Ibelin - Third Crusade, Balian of Ibelin - Legacy, Balian of Ibelin - Balian in fiction, Balian of Ibelin - Sources

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His reign began in 1157, while he acted as regent and co-count for his father Thierry, who was frequently away on crusade. He defeated Floris III, Count of Holland and stopped the piracy; Floris was captured in Bruges and remained in prison until being ransomed in 1167, in exchange for recognition of Flemish suzerainty over Zeeland. By inheritance, Philip also recovered for Flanders the territories of Waes and Quatre-Métiers. In 1159 Philip married Elisabeth of Vermandois, elder daughter of count Raoul I of Vermandois and Petronilla of Aqui ...

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Philip Count of Flanders, Philip Count of Flanders - Count of Flanders, Philip Count of Flanders - Philip's first crusade, Philip Count of Flanders - War with France, Philip Count of Flanders - Philip's second crusade and death, Philip Count of Flanders - Legacy, Philip Count of Flanders - Sources

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May 18 - 1048 to 1899. 1048 - Omar Khayyám, Persian poet (d. 1123) 1186 - Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (d. 1218) 1474 - Isabella d'Este, Marquise of Mantua (d. 1539) 1610 - Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (d. 1664) 1616 - Johann Jakob Froberger, German composer (d. 1667) 1662 O.S. - George Smalridge, English Bishop of Bristol (d. 1719) 1692 O.S. - Joseph Butler, English bishop and philosopher (d. 1752) 1711 - Ruđer Josip Bo ...

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May 18, May 18 - Events, May 18 - Births, May 18 - 1048 to 1899, May 18 - 1900 to 1999, May 18 - Deaths, May 18 - 1450 to 1899, May 18 - 1900 to 1999, May 18 - 2000 onwards, May 18 - Holidays and Observances

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Historical population of Sopot Sopot was founded as an old Slavonic (Pomeranian) stronghold in the 7th century. Initially it was a trading outpost and conducted extensive trade relations with both areas up the Vistula and cities across the Baltic. With time the significance of the stronghold diminished and by 10th century it was reduced to but a fishing village and then abandoned. However, a century later the area became settled again and two villages were founded within the confines of today's' city: Stawowie and Gręzow ...

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Sopot, Sopot - City name, Sopot - History, Sopot - Famous people, Sopot - Economy, Sopot - Major corporations, Sopot - Education, Sopot - Communication, Sopot - Sports

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Founded as a Roman fortress named Durostorum in 29 AD, the settlement became an important military centre of Moesia and grew into a city at the time of Marcus Aurelius. In 388, Durostorum became the seat of a Christian bishopric and a centre of Christianity in the region, and Roman general Flavius Aëtius was born in the town in 396. Around the end of the 7th century, the town was incporated in the First Bulgarian Empire and the bishop of Drastar was proclaimed the first patriarch of Bulgaria. The town was captured by the force ...

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Silistra, Silistra - History, Silistra - Historical population

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List of kings of Persia - Arab caliphs rule. All Persian provinces fell under The Arabic Caliphate from 661 to 867. Umayyad dynasty, 661–750 Abbasid dynasty, 750–867 divided, 867–1029 List of kings of Persia - Tahirids in Khorasan 821–872. Taher ebne Hosein ebne Mos'ab, Emir 821–822 Talhat ebne Taher, 822–828 Abdollah ebne Taher, 828–844See also:

List of kings of Persia, List of kings of Persia - Early realms in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC, List of kings of Persia - Jiroft Kingdom c. 2500 BC, List of kings of Persia - Empire of Medians and Persians, List of kings of Persia - Median Dynasty 728–550 BC, List of kings of Persia - Achaemenid dynasty 550–330 BC, List of kings of Persia - Hellenistic rulers, List of kings of Persia - Argead Dynasty 330–310 BC, List of kings of Persia - Seleucid dynasty 305–164 BC, List of kings of Persia - Parthian dynasty Arsacid dynasty 247 BC – AD 224, List of kings of Persia - Sassanid dynasty AD 224–651, List of kings of Persia - Rulers after the advent of Islam in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Arab caliphs rule, List of kings of Persia - Tahirids in Khorasan 821–872, List of kings of Persia - Alavids 864–928, List of kings of Persia - Ziyarids 928–1043, List of kings of Persia - Buyyids 932–1056, List of kings of Persia - Saffarids in Seistan and beyond 861–1002, List of kings of Persia - Samanids Proto-Tajiks 892–998, List of kings of Persia - Ghaznavids 997–1186, List of kings of Persia - Seljuk Turks 1029–1194, List of kings of Persia - Khwarazmids 1096–1230, List of kings of Persia - Ilkhans 1256–1380, List of kings of Persia - Muzaffarid Dynasty 1314–1393, List of kings of Persia - Timurid dynasty 1380–1507, List of kings of Persia - Shahs of modern Iran, List of kings of Persia - Safavid dynasty 1502–1736, List of kings of Persia - Afsharid dynasty 1736–1749, List of kings of Persia - Zand dynasty 1750–1794, List of kings of Persia - Qajar dynasty 1796–1925, List of kings of Persia - Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979

Read more here: » List of kings of Persia: Encyclopedia II - List of kings of Persia - Rulers after the advent of Islam in Iran

Jaffa was fortified by Godfrey of Bouillon after the First Crusade in 1100, and was unsuccessfully claimed by Daimbert of Pisa, the first Patriarch. It remained part of the royal domain until it was given to Hugh of Le Puiset in 1110. When Hugh II rebelled against King Fulk in 1134 the county was divided into a number of smaller holdings, and Jaffa itself became a royal domain. Soon it was designated as the apanage of Fulk's second son, Amalric. In 1153, Fulk's first son King Baldwin III conquered Ascalon, an ...

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County of Jaffa and Ascalon, County of Jaffa and Ascalon - History, County of Jaffa and Ascalon - Vassals, County of Jaffa and Ascalon - Counts of Jaffa and Ascalon, County of Jaffa and Ascalon - Sources

Read more here: » County of Jaffa and Ascalon: Encyclopedia II - County of Jaffa and Ascalon - History

Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs. Khalid ibn al-Walid (635-636) Abu Ubaid (636-637) Amr ibn al-Aas (637-640) Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan (640) Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640-661) Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus. Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan (661-680) Yazid I ibn Muawiyah (680-683) Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683-684) Marwan I ibn Hakam (684-685) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705)See also:

Rulers of Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Canaanite, Rulers of Damascus - Aram Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Period of non-independence, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Abbasid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Fatimid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Seljuk emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Burid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Zengid atabegs, Rulers of Damascus - Ayyubid sultans, Rulers of Damascus - Mameluk Bahrid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Ottoman walis, Rulers of Damascus - Hashemite kingdom, Rulers of Damascus - Capital of Syria

Read more here: » Rulers of Damascus: Encyclopedia II - Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty

Rulers of Aleppo - Sultanate of Aleppo 1094–1260. Seljuq Dynasty in Aleppo and Damascus: Ak Sunkur Qasim al-Awla, Governor of Aleppo and Damascus until 1094 Tausch, Sultan of Aleppo and Damascus 1094–1095 Seljuq Dynasty in Aleppo: Rodwan ibn Tausch 1095–1113 Alp Arslan al-Akhies ibn-Rodwan 1113–1114 Sultan Shah ibn-Rodwan 1114–1117 Artuk Dynasty in Aleppo: Ghazi ibn-Artuk 1117 Timurtash ibn-al-Ghazi 11 ...

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Rulers of Aleppo, Rulers of Aleppo - Seleucids, Rulers of Aleppo - Romans and Byzantines, Rulers of Aleppo - Muslim Arabs, Rulers of Aleppo - Hamdanids, Rulers of Aleppo - Byzantines, Rulers of Aleppo - Sultanate of Aleppo 1094–1260

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The Lusignans were among the French nobles who made great careers in the Crusades. An ancestor of the later Lusignan dynasty in the Holy Land, Hugh of Lusignan, was killed in the east during the Crusade of 1101. Another Hugh arrived in the 1160s and was captured in a battle with Nur ad-Din. In the 1170s, the brothers Guy and Amalric arrived in Jerusalem, having been expelled by Richard Lionheart (at that point, acting Duke of Aquitaine) from his realm, which meant that they were not allowed to sojourn at their home near Poitiers. In the Holy ...

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Lusignan, Lusignan - Origins, Lusignan - Crusader kings, Lusignan - Lords of Lusignan, Lusignan - Other Lusignans of renown, Lusignan - Second House of Lusignan in Cyprus etc

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Sis (also known as Sissu, Sision, later Flavias or Flaviopolis) has had an important place in Armenian Apostolic Church ecclesiastical history. In 302, Gregory the Illuminator was consecrated the first Catholicos of Armenia, but transferred his see to Vagarshabad (Echmiadzin), whence, after the fall of the Arsacids, it passed to Tovin. In 704, Sis was besieged by the Arabs, but relieved by the Byzantines. The Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil took it and refortified it, but it soon returned to Byzantine h ...

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Kozan Adana, Kozan Adana - Economy, Kozan Adana - History

Read more here: » Kozan Adana: Encyclopedia II - Kozan Adana - History

Sibylla was raised by her great-aunt, the abbess Ioveta of Bethany, sister of former Queen Melisende of Jerusalem, who founded the convent of St. Lazarus in Bethany for her sister in 1138, and died there in 1163. In the convent Sibylla was taught scripture and other church traditions. Though not raised by her mother, Sibylla would later become closer with Agnes and inherit her political supporters. Once her brother became king as Baldwin IV, she was his heir and her choice of husband was of paramount concern in the kingdom. Raymond II ...

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Sibylla of Jerusalem, Sibylla of Jerusalem - Dynasty, Sibylla of Jerusalem - Baldwin IV's reign, Sibylla of Jerusalem - Succession, Sibylla of Jerusalem - Sibylla's reign, Sibylla of Jerusalem - Death, Sibylla of Jerusalem - Sources

Read more here: » Sibylla of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Sibylla of Jerusalem - Dynasty

Svend Aagesen was born into a magnate-family, which counts several known names. The oldest known family member that we know of with some certainty, is Svend's Great-grand-father, Thrugot, who was married to Thorgunna, daughter of Vagn Aagesøn, a Grand-son of the legendary Palne Toke. Thrugot and Thorgunna had two sons, Sven and Vagn. Sven Thrugotsøn (or Thorgunnasøn) had four sons. One, probably the oldest, Asser, was the first Archbishop of Lund (1104-113 ...

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Svend Aagesen, Svend Aagesen - Family, Svend Aagesen - Life and Education, Svend Aagesen - Writing, Svend Aagesen - Svend vs. Saxo

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Zhang Zeduan's most famous painting is Qingming Shanghe Tu (清明上何圖 qīng míng shàng hé tú). It is a very wide (around 30 feet) handscroll which depicts a city. The translation of its title is disputed; as the word "Qingming" can refer to either the Qingming Festival or to peace and order, two translations have been proposed by scholars: Going Upriver on the Qingming Festival or Peace Reigns Over the River. Traditionally, three things have been believed about the painting: The city depicted is Kaifeng. It was painted before the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty in 112 ...

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Zhang Zeduan, Zhang Zeduan - The Qingming Scroll, Zhang Zeduan - Reference

Read more here: » Zhang Zeduan: Encyclopedia II - Zhang Zeduan - The Qingming Scroll

After the murder of his cousin Charles the Good in 1127, Thierry claimed the county of Flanders as grandson of Robert I, but William Clito became count instead with the support of King Louis VI of France. William's politics and attitude towards the autonomy of Flanders made him unpopular, and by the end of the year Bruges, Gand, Lille, and Saint-Omer recognized Thierry as a rival count. Thierry's supporters came from the Imperial faction of Flanders, and upon his arrival he engaged in battle against William. Louis VI had the Archbishop of Re ...

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Thierry Count of Flanders, Thierry Count of Flanders - Life, Thierry Count of Flanders - Family, Thierry Count of Flanders - Sources

Read more here: » Thierry Count of Flanders: Encyclopedia II - Thierry Count of Flanders - Life

Ta Prohm was one of the first temples begun in Jayavarman VII's massive building program. The temple's modern name means "old Brahma", but the original name was Rajavihara (royal temple). It was centred on veneration of the king's family: the main image (of Prajnaparamita, the personification of wisdom, installed in 1186) was modelled on his mother, while the two satellite temples in the third enclosure were dedicated to his guru (north) and his elder brother (south). Expansions and additions continued as late as the rule of Srindravarman at ...

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Ta Prohm, Ta Prohm - History, Ta Prohm - The site

Read more here: » Ta Prohm: Encyclopedia II - Ta Prohm - History

According to the saga, Sverre was born in 1151 to Gunnhild and her husband Unås, a comb maker from the Faeroes. When Sverre was five, the family moved to the Faeroes where Sverre was raised in the household of Unås’ brother Roe, bishop of the Faeroes on Kirkjubøargarður in Kirkjubøur. It was here that Sverre studied for the priesthood and was ordained. The priest school of Kirkjubøur must have been of a high standard, for Sverre was later described as very well educated. The legend says, that he was hidden in a cave a bit outside of the village. This cave exists really and gave the mountain Sverrihola (303 m, "Sverre's ...

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Sverre of Norway, Sverre of Norway - Early life, Sverre of Norway - The veracity of Sverre’s claim, Sverre of Norway - Norway in 1176, Sverre of Norway - Sverre meets the Birkebeiners, Sverre of Norway - Rise to power, Sverre of Norway - Difficult years, Sverre of Norway - Victory over the Heklungs, Sverre of Norway - Troubled reign, Sverre of Norway - Kuvlungs and Øyskjeggs, Sverre of Norway - Sverre and the Church, Sverre of Norway - The Bagler war, Sverre of Norway - Notes

Read more here: » Sverre of Norway: Encyclopedia II - Sverre of Norway - Early life