1186

1186 - Events. John the Chanter becomes Bishop of Exeter. January 27 - Constance of Sicily marries Henry (the future Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor). The Byzantine Empire recognises the indepence of Bulgaria. Guy of Lusignan becomes King of Jerusalem. 1186 - Births. May 18 - Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (d. 1218) Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk (died 1225) Iziaslav IV Vladimirovich, Grand Prince of KievIncluding:

• 1186 - Events
• 1186 - Births
• 1186 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1186: Encyclopedia - 1186

The beginnings of the County came in 1102, when Count Raymond IV of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, began a lengthy war with the Banu Ammar Emirs of Tripoli (theoretically vassals of the Fatimid caliphs in Cairo), gradually seizing much of their territory and besieging them within Tripoli itself. Raymond died in 1105, leaving his infant son Alfonso-Jordan as his heir, with a cousin, William-Jordan of Cerdagne, as regent. William-Jordan continued the siege of Tripoli for the next four years, when a bastard son of Raymond, B ...

See also:

County of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - History, County of Tripoli - Vassals of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - Lordship of Gibelet, County of Tripoli - Lordship of Botron, County of Tripoli - Counts of Tripoli 1102-1289, County of Tripoli - Titular Counts of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - Great Officers of Tripoli

Read more here: » County of Tripoli: Encyclopedia II - County of Tripoli - History

Alexander Neckam (September 8, 1157 - 1217), was an English scientist and teacher. He was born at St Albans, Hertfordshire, England, on the same night as King Richard I. Neckam's mother nursed the prince with her own son, who thus became Richard's foster-brother. He was educated at the St Albans Abbey school (now St Albans School), and began to teach as schoolmaster of Dunstable, dependent on St Albans Abbey. Later he lived for several years at Petit Pons in Paris (c. 1175-1182). By 1180 he had become a disting ...

Including:

• Alexander Neckam - Reference

Read more here: » Alexander Neckam: Encyclopedia - Alexander Neckam

The Bulgarian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church with some 6.5 million members in the Republic of Bulgaria and between 1.5 and 2.0 million members in a number of European countries, the Americas and Australia. The recognition of the autocephalous Bulgarian Patriarchate by the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 927 AD makes the Bulgarian Orthodox Church the oldest autocephalous Orthodox Church in the world after the four Eastern Patriarchates: those of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem. Including:

• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - Canonical status and organisation
• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - Dioceses
• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - History of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church
• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - Early Christianity
• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - Establishment of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church
• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - Autocephaly of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church
• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - The Ohrid Archbishopric
• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - The Turnovo Patriarchate
• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - Ottoman rule
• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - The Bulgarian Exarchate
• Bulgarian Orthodox Church - Second restoration of the Bulgarian Patriarchate

Read more here: » Bulgarian Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia - Bulgarian Orthodox Church

August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 134 days remaining. August 19 - Events. 293 BC - Oldest known Roman temple to Venus Libitina founded on the Esquiline Hill; institution of Vinalia Rustica begins. 1561 - Queen Mary Stuart returns to Scotland. 1692 - Salem Witch Trials: In Salem, Massachusetts five women and a clergyman are executed after being convicted of witchcraft. 1745 - ...

Including:

• August 19 - Events
• August 19 - Births
• August 19 - Deaths
• August 19 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 19: Encyclopedia - August 19

Constance of Sicily (1154 – November 27, 1198) was in her own right Queen of Sicily, became German Empress as the wife of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, and was the mother of the Emperor and King of Sicily Frederick II. She was the posthumous daughter of Roger II of Sicily by his third wife Beatrice of Rethel. Constance was not betrothed until she was 30, which is unusual for a princess whose marriage was an important bargaining chip. This later gave rise to stories that she had become a nun and required papal dispensation to forsake her vows and marry, or that she was impossib ...

Including:

• Constance of Sicily - References

Read more here: » Constance of Sicily: Encyclopedia - Constance of Sicily

The Culavamsa, also Chulavamsa, (Pāli: "lesser chronicle") is a historical record, written in the Pāli language, of the kings of Sri Lanka. It covers the period from the 4th century to 1815. The Culavamsa was compiled over many years by Sinhala Buddhist monks. It is generally considered to be a sequel to the Mahavamsa ("great chronicle") written in the 6th century by the monk Mahanama. The Mahavamsa and the Culavamsa are sometimes thought of as a single work (referred to as the "Mahavamsa") sp ...

Read more here: » Culavamsa: Encyclopedia - Culavamsa

The County of Tripoli was the last of the four major Crusader states in the Levant to be created. Some prominent cities that were part of the County include Safita, Tartous, and Tripoli. County of Tripoli - History. The beginnings of the County came in 1102, when Count Raymond IV of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, began a lengthy war with the Banu Ammar Emirs of Tripoli (theoretically vassals of the Fatimid caliphs in Cairo), gradually seizing much of their territory and besieging them wi ...

Including:

• County of Tripoli - History
• County of Tripoli - Vassals of Tripoli
• County of Tripoli - Lordship of Gibelet
• County of Tripoli - Lordship of Botron
• County of Tripoli - Counts of Tripoli 1102-1289
• County of Tripoli - Titular Counts of Tripoli
• County of Tripoli - Great Officers of Tripoli

Read more here: » County of Tripoli: Encyclopedia - County of Tripoli

The tallit (Modern Hebrew טַלֵּית) or tallet (Sephardi Hebrew טַלֵּית), also called talles (Yiddish), is a prayer shawl "cloak" that is worn during the morning Jewish services (the Shacharit prayers) in Judaism. It has special twined and knotted "fringes" known as tzitzit attached to its four corners. The tallit is sometimes also referred to as the arba kanfot, meaning the ‘four w ...

Including:

• Tallit - Terminology
• Tallit - Historical origin
• Tallit - Kinds of tallit
• Tallit - Tallit gadol
• Tallit - Tallit katan
• Tallit - Description of tallit gadol
• Tallit - Blessings
• Tallit - When putting on a Talit Katan
• Tallit - For putting on a Tallit Gadol
• Tallit - Use
• Tallit - Obligation for men
• Tallit - Views on use by women
• Tallit - Order of putting on tallit and tefillin
• Tallit - Weddings
• Tallit - Burial

Read more here: » Tallit: Encyclopedia - Tallit

William I "the Lion" ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scotland from 1165 to 1214. His reign was the longest in Scottish history before the Act of Union with England in 1707. He became King following his brother Malcolm IV's death on 9 December 1165 and was crowned on 24 December 1165. In contrast to his deeply religious, frail brother, William was powerfully-built, redheaded, and headstrong. He was an effective monarch whose reign was marred by his ill-fated ...

Including:

• William I of Scotland - Sources

Read more here: » William I of Scotland: Encyclopedia - William I of Scotland

The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Ayyubid Dynasty was founded by Saladin (Salah ah-Din), who, with his uncle Shirkuh, conquered Egypt for the Zengid King Nur ad-Din of Damascus in 1169. In 1171, Saladin deposed the last Fatimid Caliph, but he gradually became estranged from his former master. When Nur ed-Din died in 1174, Saladin declared war against Nur ed-Din's young son, As-Salih Ismail, and seized Damascus. Ismail fled ...

Including:

• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Damascus
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Aleppo
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Hamah
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Homs
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Yemen
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Rulers of the Jezireh

Read more here: » Ayyubid dynasty: Encyclopedia - Ayyubid dynasty

1158 - Births. September 23 - Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (died 1186) Marguerite of France, daughter of Louis VII of France (died 1197) Taira no Shigehira, son of Taira no Kiyomori (died 1185) 1158 - Deaths. August 30 - King Sancho III of Castile (born 1134) Otto of Freising, German bishop and chronicler (born c. 1114) 1158 - Heads of states. England - Henry II Curt Mantle, King of ...

Including:

• 1158 - Events
• 1158 - Births
• 1158 - Deaths
• 1158 - Heads of states

Read more here: » 1158: Encyclopedia - 1158

Ögedei, (also Ögädäi, Ögedäi, Ogotai, etc.) (1186-1241), was the third son of Genghis Khan. He succeeded his father to rule as the second great Khan of the Mongol Empire. He continued the expansion the empire that his father had begun. Like all of Genghis' primary sons, he participated extensively in conquests in Western China and Central Asia. He was elected supreme khan in 1229, according to the kuriltai held after Genghis' death, although this was never really in doubt as it was Genghis' clear wish ...

Read more here: » Ögedei Khan: Encyclopedia - Ögedei Khan

An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress is the feminine form and can either be the wife of an emperor or a woman being an imperial monarch herself. Emperors are generally recognised to be above kings in honour and rank. Emperor Akihito of Japan is the world's only reigning emperor. the last imperial monarch in europe was the King-Emperor George VI who ruled as Emperor of India Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of ...

Including:

• Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch
• Emperor - Imperium maius
• Emperor - Historical development
• Emperor - Europe
• Emperor - The Americas
• Emperor - Africa
• Emperor - Asia
• Emperor - Persian tradition
• Emperor - Pre-Columbian American traditions
• Emperor - Other traditions
• Emperor - Lists of emperors
• Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires
• Emperor - Emperors of short-lived 'empires'
• Emperor - Self-proclaimed emperors
• Emperor - Fictional emperors
• Emperor - Notes
• Emperor - Trivia

Read more here: » Emperor: Encyclopedia - Emperor

1218 - Ongoing events. Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) 1218 - Births. February 12 - Kujo Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (died 1256) May 1 - John I, Count of Hainaut (died 1257) May 1 - Rudolph I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1291) October 30 - Emperor Chūkyō of Japan (died 1234) Abel of Denmark (died 1252) 1218 - Deaths. February 2 - Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (b ...

Including:

• 1218 - Events
• 1218 - Ongoing events
• 1218 - Births
• 1218 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1218: Encyclopedia - 1218

1225 - Events. 1225 - Births. Thomas Aquinas, Italian theologian (died 1274) Saint Isabel of France, daughter of Louis VIII of France David VI Narin, King of Georgia (died 1293) Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1282) 1225 - Deaths. October 28 - Jien, Japanese poet and historian (b. 1155) November 7 - Engelbert II of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne An-Nasir, Ab ...

Including:

• 1225 - Events
• 1225 - Births
• 1225 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1225: Encyclopedia - 1225

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia. Aaron of Lincoln, English financier; born at Lincoln, England, about 1125; died 1186. He is first mentioned in the English pipe-roll of 1166 as creditor of King Henry II. for sums amounting to £616 12s. 8d. (the equivalent of between $2 million and $10 million in 2005) in nine of the English counties. He conducted his business through agents, and sometimes in conjunction with Isaac, fil Joce; by these methods building up what was ...

Read more here: » Aaron of Lincoln: Encyclopedia - Aaron of Lincoln

The lands of Normandy and England had been in personal union since the time of the Norman Conquest. The prospect of a union between the lands of Anjou and Normandy was first suggested during the time of Henry I, who intended his daughter, the dowager Empress Matilda (Maud) to succeed him as Queen. A dynastic alliance with the counts of Anjou made a lot of sense to Henry. The counts of Anjou had recently gained control of Maine though the marriage of Fulk V to Eremburge of La Flèche, and their increased power and influence in Northern France offered a potentia ...

See also:

Angevin Empire, Angevin Empire - History, Angevin Empire - Cultural Influence, Angevin Empire - Alternative Angevins, Angevin Empire - Important Figures of the time

Read more here: » Angevin Empire: Encyclopedia II - Angevin Empire - History

The Courtenay family ruled the County of Edessa, the furthest north of the Crusader states. Joscelin I of Courtenay, an ally of Baldwin II of Jerusalem, was awarded the county in 1118. Joscelin II inherited Edessa and Turbessel in 1131 on the death of his father, and desperately tried to defend his extensive borders against his hostile Muslim neighbours. Agnes grew up in Edessa, until the city was captured by Zengi in 1144. Her father fled to the fortress of Turbessel for safety, and after attempting to regain Edessa, he was captured ...

See also:

Agnes of Courtenay, Agnes of Courtenay - Dynasty, Agnes of Courtenay - Royal annulment, Agnes of Courtenay - Reign of Amalric I, Agnes of Courtenay - Reign of Baldwin IV, Agnes of Courtenay - Political marriages, Agnes of Courtenay - Retirement and Death, Agnes of Courtenay - Sources

Read more here: » Agnes of Courtenay: Encyclopedia II - Agnes of Courtenay - Dynasty

In 1157 Baldwin married Richilde of Bethsan, with whom he had the following children: Thomas of Ibelin, lord of Ramla (died 1188) Eschiva of Ibelin (died 1196); married Amalric II of Jerusalem before 1175, mother of Hugh I of Cyprus Stephanie of Ibelin, married Amalric, viscount of Nablus He divorced Richidle in 1174 and married Isabella Gothman in 1175. Isabella died in 1177. After 1180 he married Maria, daughter of Renier, constable of Tripoli. Another Baldwin of Ibelin was the son of this Baldwin's ne ...

See also:

Baldwin of Ibelin, Baldwin of Ibelin - Family, Baldwin of Ibelin - Sources

Read more here: » Baldwin of Ibelin: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin of Ibelin - Family