1181

1181 - Events. Jayavarman VII assumes control of the Khmer kingdom. The word Albigensians first used by chronicler Geoffroy du Breuil of Vigeois to describe the inhabitants of Albi, France. September 1 - Lucius III becomes Pope. Chinese and Japanese astronomers observe what has since come to be understood as a supernova. One of only eight supernovae in the Milky Way observed in recorded history, it appeared in the constellation Cassiopeia and was visible in the night sky for about ...

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• 1181 - Events
• 1181 - Births
• 1181 - Deaths

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Canonization is the process of declaring someone a saint and involves proving that a candidate has lived in such a way that he or she is worthy of sainthood. It is currently practised by the Roman Catholic Church and its appendages, by the Eastern Orthodox Church, and by the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Canonization - Roman Catholicism. The process of an individual being declared a saint in the Roman Catholic Church began in the 900s, when the church in Rome demanded that all saints throughout her jurisdicti ...

Including:

• Canonization - Roman Catholicism
• Canonization - Historical development of the process
• Canonization - Current practice
• Canonization - Previous practice
• Canonization - External link

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The Duchy of Carinthia (German language: Kärnten, Slovenian: Koroška) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until it dissolved in 1918. Carinthia duchy - Karantania and medieval dynasties. In the 7th century it was part of the Principality of Karantania, and was part of the empire of Charlemagne from 788 to 843, when it became part of the eastern Frankish kingdom of Louis the German. From 889 to 927 the Mark of Carinthia was pa ...

Including:

• Carinthia duchy - Karantania and medieval dynasties
• Carinthia duchy - Habsburgs
• Carinthia duchy - 20th century
• Carinthia duchy - Dukes of Carinthia
• Carinthia duchy - Various dynasties
• Carinthia duchy - Eppensteiner
• Carinthia duchy - Sponheimer
• Carinthia duchy - Various dynasties
• Carinthia duchy - Gorizia-Tyrol
• Carinthia duchy - Habsburg

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By category Medieval 16th Century - 17th Century 18th Century -19th Century 20th Century - Contemporary Chronological list Writers by category Novelists - Playwrights Poets - Essayists Short Story Writers Chrétien de Troyes wrote in Champagne, France, during the last half of the twelfth century. Of his life we know neither the beginning nor the end, but we know that between 1160 and 1181 he lived in Troyes at the court of his patroness Countess Marie de Champagne, d ...

Including:

• Chrétien de Troyes - Works
• Chrétien de Troyes - Sources
• Chrétien de Troyes - Influence
• Chrétien de Troyes - Bibliograpy

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Baldwin IV (1108 – November 8, 1171) was count of Hainaut from 1120 to his death. Baldwin married Alice of Namur, heiress of Namur, and had the following issue: Yolande (1131–1202), married Hugh IV, Count of St Pol Baldwin (1134–1147) Agnes (1142–1168) Geoffrey, Count of Ostervant (1147–1163) Lauretta (1150–1181), married Bouchard IV, Count of Montmorency Baldwin V (1150–1195), also count of Flanders by his marriage to Margaret I of Fl ...

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The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Ayyubid Dynasty was founded by Saladin (Salah ah-Din), who, with his uncle Shirkuh, conquered Egypt for the Zengid King Nur ad-Din of Damascus in 1169. In 1171, Saladin deposed the last Fatimid Caliph, but he gradually became estranged from his former master. When Nur ed-Din died in 1174, Saladin declared war against Nur ed-Din's young son, As-Salih Ismail, and seized Damascus. Ismail fled ...

Including:

• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Damascus
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Aleppo
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Hamah
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Homs
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Yemen
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Rulers of the Jezireh

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The Archbishop of Caesarea was one of the major suffragans of the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem during the crusades. The diocese was an ancient one, dating from the 2nd century. It was the metropolis of the diocese of Palaestina Prima. Until the establishment of the Patriarch of Jerusalem, it was subject to the Patriarch of Antioch. By the time of the crusades it was a Greek Orthodox diocese, but when Caesarea was captured by the crusaders in 1101, a Latin archbishop was established there, ...

Including:

• Archbishop of Caesarea - Bishops of Caesarea
• Archbishop of Caesarea - Archbishops of Caesarea

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In Eckankar doctrine, ECK masters, or the Order of Vairagi Adepts, are said to be religious figures who assume leadership of the Eckankar faith in endless succession. Eckankar emphasizes spiritual liberation, and how this relates to ECK (forms of God). The Living ECK master is the one who aids followers in connecting their souls to ECK. The ECK master "does what he pleases, has what he wants, comes and goes absolutely at his own will... He bows only to God.".^Including:

• ECK master - Important ECK masters
• ECK master - Rami Nuri
• ECK master - Lai Tsi
• ECK master - Gopal Das
• ECK master - Yaubl Sacabi
• ECK master - Fubbi Quantz
• ECK master - Rebazar Tarzs
• ECK master - Others
• ECK master - Women as ECK masters
• ECK master - Historical figures as ECK masters
• ECK master - Origins of the ECK masters
• ECK master - Notes
• ECK master - References

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August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. August 3 - Events. 8 - Roman general Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. 435 - Deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of the Christological "heresy" (at the time) known as Nestorianism, was exiled by Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt. 1492 - Christopher Columbus sets sail f ...

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• August 3 - Events
• August 3 - Births
• August 3 - Deaths
• August 3 - Holidays and observances

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The Earl of Shelburne The Most Honourable William Petty Fitzmaurice, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne PC, KG (2 May 1737 – 7 May 1805), also known as the Earl of Shelburne (1761–1784), was a British Whig statesman. He was born in Dublin, Ireland. William Petty was a descendant of the Lords of Kerry (dating from 1181), and his grandfather Thomas Fitzmaurice, who was created Earl of Kerry (1723), married the daughter of Sir William Petty. On the death without issue of Sir William Petty’s sons, the first ...

Including:

• William Petty 2nd Earl of Shelburne - Lord Shelburne's Government July 1782 – April 1783

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Supernovae refer to several types of stellar explosions that produce extremely bright objects made of plasma that decline to invisibility over weeks or months. There are two possible routes to this end. A massive star may cease to generate fusion energy from fusing the nuclei of atoms in its core and collapses inward under the force of its own gravity, or a white dwarf star may accumulate material from a companion star until it reaches its Chandrasekhar limit and undergoes a thermonuclear explosion. In either case, the resulting supernova explosion expels much ...

Including:

• Supernova - Classification
• Supernova - Spectral classification
• Supernova - Type Ia
• Supernova - Type Ib and Ic
• Supernova - Type II
• Supernova - Supernova hunting
• Supernova - Naming of supernovae
• Supernova - Notable supernovae
• Supernova - Role of supernovae in stellar evolution
• Supernova - Possible threats to Earth

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The history of Buddhism spans from the 6th century BCE to the present, starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddharta Gautama. This makes it one of the oldest religions practiced today. Throughout this period, the religion evolved as it encountered various countries and cultures, adding to its original Indian foundation Hellenistic as well as Central Asian, East Asian, and Southeast Asian cultural elements. In the process, its geographical extent became considerable so as to affect at one time or another most of the Asian continent. ...

Including:

• History of Buddhism - Life of the Buddha
• History of Buddhism - Early Buddhism
• History of Buddhism - 1st Buddhist council 5th c. BCE
• History of Buddhism - 2nd Buddhist council 383 BCE
• History of Buddhism - Ashokan proselytism c. 260 BCE
• History of Buddhism - 3rd Buddhist council c.250 BCE
• History of Buddhism - Hellenistic world
• History of Buddhism - Asian expansion
• History of Buddhism - Sunga persecutions 2nd–1st c.BCE
• History of Buddhism - Greco-Buddhist interaction 2nd c. BCE–1st c. CE
• History of Buddhism - Rise of Mahayana 1st c.BCE–2nd c.CE
• History of Buddhism - Mahayana expansion 1st c.CE–10th c.CE
• History of Buddhism - India
• History of Buddhism - Central and Northern Asia
• History of Buddhism - South-East Asia
• History of Buddhism - Emergence of the Vajrayana 5th century
• History of Buddhism - Theravada Renaissance 11th century CE—
• History of Buddhism - Expansion of Buddhism to the West
• History of Buddhism - Notes

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Arnold de Torroge was Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1179 until his death in 1184 as well as Grand Master of the Priory of Sion from 1181 until 1184. He died at Verona on September 30, 1184, while on his way to implore European succour for the Holy Land. Other related archives1179, 1181, 1184, Grand Master, Holy Land, Knights Templar, Priory of Sion, September 30, Verona

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1226 - Events. Carmelite Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II calls Imperial Diet of Cremona 1226 - Births. June 21 - King Boleslaus V of Poland (died 1279) Abul-Faraj, Armenian scholar (died 1286) Bar-Hebraeus, Armenian historian and bishop (died 1286) 1226 - Deaths. March 7 - William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader October 3 - Franci ...

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• 1226 - Events
• 1226 - Births
• 1226 - Deaths

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1118 - Events. Knights Templar founded Baldwin of Le Bourg succeeds his cousin Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem John II Comnenus succeeds Alexius I as Byzantine emperor Gelasius II succeeds Paschal II as pope 1118 - Births. November 28 - Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1180) Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1185) Gualdim Pais, Portuguese Great-Master of the Templars (died 1195) Taira ...

Including:

• 1118 - Events
• 1118 - Births
• 1118 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1118: Encyclopedia - 1118

Varaždin (German: Warasdin, Hungarian: Varasd, Latin: Varasdinum) is a city in northwestern Croatia, 81 km north of Zagreb on the highway A4. With a population of 49,075 (2001), the centre of Varaždin county is located near the Drava river, at 46:18:02N Lat. and 16:20:06E Long.. It's mainly known for its baroque buildings, textile and food industy. Varaždin - History. The first written reference to Varaždin was in 1181, when King Bela III mentioned the nearby thermal springs (Varaž ...

Including:

• Varaždin - History
• Varaždin - Heritage
• Varaždin - Economy
• Varaždin - Varaždin city guard

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The Counts of Champagne ruled the region of Champagne, France from 1022 to 1314. Hugues of Champagne was the first of the family to officially use the title "Count of Champagne". When Louis became King of France in 1314, upon the death of his father Philip IV, Champagne became part of the Crown's territories. The titular counts of Champagne also inherited the post of seneschal of France. Eudes I (or Odo) (1022–1037), son of Odo I of Blois Stephen II (1037–1048), son of Eudes I Eudes II (1048†...

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Albigensians (French: Albigeois) literally means the inhabitants of Albi, a city in southern France. However, the term was used to refer to the followers of Catharism, a Gnostic-like religious movement of southern France in the 12th and 13th century. The name originates from the end of the 12th century, and was used in 1181 by the chronicler Geoffroy du Breuil of Vigeois. The name is somewhat misleading as the ce ...

Including:

• Albigensians - External link

Read more here: » Albigensians: Encyclopedia - Albigensians

1219 - Ongoing events. Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) 1219 - Births. Christopher I of Denmark (died 1259) Frederick II of Austria (died 1246) Guillaume de Gisors, grand master of the fictional Priory of Sion (died 1307) 1219 - Deaths. February 13 - Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shogun (born 1192) May 5 - King Leo II of Armenia (born 1150) Raymond-Roupen of Antioch John d ...

Including:

• 1219 - Events
• 1219 - Ongoing events
• 1219 - Births
• 1219 - Deaths

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1161 - Events. Bartholomew Iscanus becomes Bishop of Exeter. 1161 - Births. September 23 - Emperor Takakura of Japan (died 1181) Constance, Duchess of Brittany (died 1201) Baldwin IV of Jerusalem (died 1185) Wincenty Kadłubek, Polish bishop and saint (died 1223) 1161 - Deaths. April 18 - Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury June 14 - Emperor Qinzong of China (born 1084) ...

Including:

• 1161 - Events
• 1161 - Births
• 1161 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1161: Encyclopedia - 1161