1177

Angkor was the site of a series of capital cities of the Khmer empire for much of the period from the 9th century to the 15th century CE. Their ruins (13°24'N, 103°51'E) are located amid forests and farmland to the north of the Great Lake (Tonle Sap), near present day Siem Reap, Cambodia, and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temples of Angkor, now partially restored, constitute the premier collection of examples of Khmer architecture. Visitor numbers approach one million annually. Angkor - History. < ...

Including:

• Angkor - History
• Angkor - Sites

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The beginnings of the County came in 1102, when Count Raymond IV of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, began a lengthy war with the Banu Ammar Emirs of Tripoli (theoretically vassals of the Fatimid caliphs in Cairo), gradually seizing much of their territory and besieging them within Tripoli itself. Raymond died in 1105, leaving his infant son Alfonso-Jordan as his heir, with a cousin, William-Jordan of Cerdagne, as regent. William-Jordan continued the siege of Tripoli for the next four years, when a bastard son of Raymond, B ...

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County of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - History, County of Tripoli - Vassals of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - Lordship of Gibelet, County of Tripoli - Lordship of Botron, County of Tripoli - Counts of Tripoli 1102-1289, County of Tripoli - Titular Counts of Tripoli, County of Tripoli - Great Officers of Tripoli

Read more here: » County of Tripoli: Encyclopedia II - County of Tripoli - History

By category Medieval 16th Century - 17th Century 18th Century -19th Century 20th Century - Contemporary Chronological list Writers by category Novelists - Playwrights Poets - Essayists Short Story Writers Chrétien de Troyes wrote in Champagne, France, during the last half of the twelfth century. Of his life we know neither the beginning nor the end, but we know that between 1160 and 1181 he lived in Troyes at the court of his patroness Countess Marie de Champagne, d ...

Including:

• Chrétien de Troyes - Works
• Chrétien de Troyes - Sources
• Chrétien de Troyes - Influence
• Chrétien de Troyes - Bibliograpy

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Kazimierz II the Just (Polish: Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy; 1138 – May 5, 1194), of the Piast Dynasty, was the youngest son of Bolesław III Wrymouth by Salome von Berg-Schelklingen, daughter of Henry, Duke of Berg. Kazimierz reigned as Duke of Kraków and senior prince of Poland (see Seniorate) from 1177 until his death. Born shortly before or after his father's death, and omitted (possibly for that reason) from Bolesław's will dividing the kingdom among Kazimierz's four elder brothers, he set about secur ...

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William of Tyre (c. 1130 - 1185) was archbishop of Tyre and an historian of the Crusades and the Middle Ages. William of Tyre - Early life. William was born in Jerusalem around 1130, one of the second generation of children born to the children of the original European Crusaders in the new Kingdom of Jerusalem. His parents were probably French or Italian in origin, possibly Normans from Sicily. He had a brother named Ralph who was probably a merchant in the kingdom, and the family was certainly non-noble. A ...

Including:

• William of Tyre - Early life
• William of Tyre - Religious and political life in Jerusalem
• William of Tyre - Works
• William of Tyre - Sources

Read more here: » William of Tyre: Encyclopedia - William of Tyre

Baldwin IV (1161 – 1185), called the Leper or the Leprous, the son of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his first wife Agnes of Courtenay, was king of Jerusalem from 1174 to 1185. Baldwin IV of Jerusalem - Political maneuvering. Baldwin spent his youth in his father's court in Jerusalem, having little contact with his mother, Agnes of Courtenay, Countess of Jaffa and Ascalon. Baldwin IV was educated by the historian William of Tyre, who discovered that the boy was a leper: the boy and his friends w ...

Including:

• Baldwin IV of Jerusalem - Political maneuvering
• Baldwin IV of Jerusalem - Baldwin's rule
• Baldwin IV of Jerusalem - Failing health and death
• Baldwin IV of Jerusalem - Baldwin in fiction
• Baldwin IV of Jerusalem - Sources

Read more here: » Baldwin IV of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia - Baldwin IV of Jerusalem

The Conference of the Birds (Manteq at-Tair, 1177) is a book of poems in Persian by Farid ud-Din Attar of approximately 4500 lines. The poem uses a journey by a group of 30 birds, led by a hoopoe as an allegory of a Sufi sheikh or master leading his pupils to enlightenment. Besides being one of the most beautiful examples of Persian poetry, this book relies on a clever wo ...

Including:

• The Conference of the Birds - Reference

Read more here: » The Conference of the Birds: Encyclopedia - The Conference of the Birds

William II (1153–1189), king of Sicily, was only thirteen years old at the death of his father William I when he was placed under the regency of his mother, Marguerite of Navarre. Until the king came of age in 1171 the government was controlled first by the chancellor Stephen of Perche, cousin of Marguerite (1166–1168), and then by Walter Ophamil, archbishop of Palermo, and Matthew d'Ajello, the vice-chancellor. William's character is very indistinct. Lacking in military enterprise, secluded and pleasure-loving, he s ...

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The County of Tripoli was the last of the four major Crusader states in the Levant to be created. Some prominent cities that were part of the County include Safita, Tartous, and Tripoli. County of Tripoli - History. The beginnings of the County came in 1102, when Count Raymond IV of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, began a lengthy war with the Banu Ammar Emirs of Tripoli (theoretically vassals of the Fatimid caliphs in Cairo), gradually seizing much of their territory and besieging them wi ...

Including:

• County of Tripoli - History
• County of Tripoli - Vassals of Tripoli
• County of Tripoli - Lordship of Gibelet
• County of Tripoli - Lordship of Botron
• County of Tripoli - Counts of Tripoli 1102-1289
• County of Tripoli - Titular Counts of Tripoli
• County of Tripoli - Great Officers of Tripoli

Read more here: » County of Tripoli: Encyclopedia - County of Tripoli

1107 - Events. William Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. Emperor Toba ascends the throne of Japan. Chinese money printed in 3 colours to stymie counterfeiting. Alexander I inherits the Scottish crown with the death of Edgar of Scotland 1107 - Births. June 12 - Emperor Gaozong of China (d. 1187) Henry II of Austria (died 1177) 1107 - Deaths. January 8 - King Edgar of Scotlan ...

Including:

• 1107 - Events
• 1107 - Births
• 1107 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1107: Encyclopedia - 1107

1186 - Events. John the Chanter becomes Bishop of Exeter. January 27 - Constance of Sicily marries Henry (the future Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor). The Byzantine Empire recognises the indepence of Bulgaria. Guy of Lusignan becomes King of Jerusalem. 1186 - Births. May 18 - Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (d. 1218) Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk (died 1225) Iziaslav IV Vladimirovich, Grand Prince of KievIncluding:

• 1186 - Events
• 1186 - Births
• 1186 - Deaths

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1226 - Events. Carmelite Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II calls Imperial Diet of Cremona 1226 - Births. June 21 - King Boleslaus V of Poland (died 1279) Abul-Faraj, Armenian scholar (died 1286) Bar-Hebraeus, Armenian historian and bishop (died 1286) 1226 - Deaths. March 7 - William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader October 3 - Franci ...

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• 1226 - Events
• 1226 - Births
• 1226 - Deaths

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At first a supporter of Stephen of Blois during this king's struggle with the empress Matilda. His initiation in history was on the death of Henry I in 1135, when Maud expected to succeed to the throne of England, but her cousin, Stephen of Blois usurped the throne, breaking an oath he had previously made to defend her rights. It was Bigod who claimed that Henry I (Maud's father, and Stephen's uncle) intended for Stephen to become king at the expense of the empress. Civil War followed, but neither side seem to gain the upper hand. It was not ...

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Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Early years, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - During King Stephen's reign, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Rise of King Henry II, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - The Revolt of 1173, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Final days, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Marriage and family

Read more here: » Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk: Encyclopedia II - Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - During King Stephen's reign

On two occasions, in 1171 and 1173, Saladin retreated from an invasion of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. These had been launched by Nur ad-Din, and Saladin hoped that the Crusader kingdom would remain intact, as a buffer state between Egypt and Syria, until Saladin could gain control of Syria as well. Nur ad-Din and Saladin were headed towards open war on these counts when Nur ad-Din died in 1174. Nur ad-Din's heir as-Salih Ismail al-Malik was a mere boy ...

See also:

Saladin, Saladin - Rise to power, Saladin - Fighting the Crusaders, Saladin - Recognition, Saladin - Burial site, Saladin - Saladin in Media, Saladin - Reference

Read more here: » Saladin: Encyclopedia II - Saladin - Fighting the Crusaders

Raymond also was drawn into the developing strife in the kingdom. Economically, the opposing sides were the established barons who drew regular income from their holdings, and the new crusaders, who wanted war spoils. Socially, these were arranged as a baronial party and a court party, the royal court being the best source of favour, military commands and other opportunities to become rich. The baronial party appreciated more peaceful relations, trade, and at least peaceful enjoyment of their agricultural incomes. Dynastically, Dowager Queen ...

See also:

Raymond III of Tripoli, Raymond III of Tripoli - Early life, Raymond III of Tripoli - Regent of Jerusalem, Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond and the nobles' party, Raymond III of Tripoli - Battle of Hattin and death, Raymond III of Tripoli - Physical characteristics, Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond in fiction, Raymond III of Tripoli - Sources

Read more here: » Raymond III of Tripoli: Encyclopedia II - Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond and the nobles' party

Gentile-Jewish relations in England were disturbed under Stephen, who burned down the house of a Jew in Oxford (some accounts say with a Jew in it) because he refused to pay a contribution to the king's expenses. It was during this time that the first recorded blood libel against the Jews was brought in the case of William of Norwich (1144). While the crusaders in Germany were trying their swords upon the Jews, outbursts against the latter in England were, according to ...

See also:

History of the Jews in England 1066-1200, History of the Jews in England 1066-1200 - Early history, History of the Jews in England 1066-1200 - Status of Jews, History of the Jews in England 1066-1200 - Attitudes of the kings, History of the Jews in England 1066-1200 - External link

Read more here: » History of the Jews in England 1066-1200: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in England 1066-1200 - Attitudes of the kings

The Courtenay family ruled the County of Edessa, the furthest north of the Crusader states. Joscelin I of Courtenay, an ally of Baldwin II of Jerusalem, was awarded the county in 1118. Joscelin II inherited Edessa and Turbessel in 1131 on the death of his father, and desperately tried to defend his extensive borders against his hostile Muslim neighbours. Agnes grew up in Edessa, until the city was captured by Zengi in 1144. Her father fled to the fortress of Turbessel for safety, and after attempting to regain Edessa, he was captured ...

See also:

Agnes of Courtenay, Agnes of Courtenay - Dynasty, Agnes of Courtenay - Royal annulment, Agnes of Courtenay - Reign of Amalric I, Agnes of Courtenay - Reign of Baldwin IV, Agnes of Courtenay - Political marriages, Agnes of Courtenay - Retirement and Death, Agnes of Courtenay - Sources

Read more here: » Agnes of Courtenay: Encyclopedia II - Agnes of Courtenay - Dynasty

In early February 1177 John de Courcy, a knight from Somerset who had come over with Henry II in 1171, left Dublin with 22 horsemen in chain mail and about 300 soldiers. The expedition marched through Meath and the plain of Muirhevna, where Irish allies joined it. Then de Courcy led his men beyond the furthest limits of Norman territory over the Moyry Pass into Ulster. Turning east from Glen Righe, they reached Lecale in under four days. In front of Down, the capital of the kingd ...

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John de Courcy, John de Courcy - Biography, John de Courcy - Defeat by Hugh de Lacy, John de Courcy - Champion of Britain, John de Courcy - Description by contemporaries, John de Courcy - Literary references

Read more here: » John de Courcy: Encyclopedia II - John de Courcy - Biography

The Polanes, first mentioned in the 10th century chronicles of Ibrahim ibn Jakub , were up until then a part of the Czechs. The Polanes tribes came into Silesia at the Odra river, where the German kings and emperors had affirmed the rule of the Moravian and Bohemian dukes. In 966 the German emperor Otto I the Great affirmed the ducal title held by the Polanes leader Mieszko I. Mieszko, born circa 930, and later his son Boleslaw I Chrob ...

See also:

History of Poland 966–1385, History of Poland 966–1385 - The Middle Ages, History of Poland 966–1385 - Early Kingdom of Poland 1025-1138, History of Poland 966–1385 - Fragmentation and Invasion 1138-1295, History of Poland 966–1385 - The Kingdom of Later Piasts 1295-1370, History of Poland 966–1385 - Late Piast Dynasty and reunification, History of Poland 966–1385 - Angevin Poland, History of Poland 966–1385 - Integration into European Civilization, History of Poland 966–1385 - Reference

Read more here: » History of Poland 966–1385: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 966–1385 - The Middle Ages

Pistoia always had a bad reputation; Dante mentioned Pistoia as the home town of Vanni Fucci, who is encountered in Inferno tangled up in a knot of snakes while cursing God, and Michelangelo called the Pistoiese the "enemies of heaven". Pistoia lent its name to the pistol, which it started manufacturing in the 16th century. But today it is also notable for the extensive garden nurseries spreading around it. Although it's not as visited as other towns in Tuscany, and the industrial environs discourage, Pistoia presents a ...

See also:

Pistoia, Pistoia - History, Pistoia - Landmarks, Pistoia - Notable people born in Pistoia

Read more here: » Pistoia: Encyclopedia II - Pistoia - Landmarks