1168

1168 - Births. 1168 - Deaths. April 5 - Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester (born 1104) Thierry, Count of Flanders (born 1099) 1168 - Heads of states. England - Henry II Curt Mantle, King of England (reigned 1154 - 1189). France - Louis VII, King of France (reigned 1137 - 1180). Category: 1168 ...

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• 1168 - Events
• 1168 - Births
• 1168 - Deaths
• 1168 - Heads of states

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William of Tyre (c. 1130 - 1185) was archbishop of Tyre and an historian of the Crusades and the Middle Ages. William of Tyre - Early life. William was born in Jerusalem around 1130, one of the second generation of children born to the children of the original European Crusaders in the new Kingdom of Jerusalem. His parents were probably French or Italian in origin, possibly Normans from Sicily. He had a brother named Ralph who was probably a merchant in the kingdom, and the family was certainly non-noble. A ...

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• William of Tyre - Early life
• William of Tyre - Religious and political life in Jerusalem
• William of Tyre - Works
• William of Tyre - Sources

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William II (1153–1189), king of Sicily, was only thirteen years old at the death of his father William I when he was placed under the regency of his mother, Marguerite of Navarre. Until the king came of age in 1171 the government was controlled first by the chancellor Stephen of Perche, cousin of Marguerite (1166–1168), and then by Walter Ophamil, archbishop of Palermo, and Matthew d'Ajello, the vice-chancellor. William's character is very indistinct. Lacking in military enterprise, secluded and pleasure-loving, he s ...

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Danylo of Galicia (Ukrainian: Данило Галицький, Danylo Halyts’kyi), (1201-1264) was the 1st King of Galicia, Knyaz of Halych (1205–1206, 1211–1212, 1229–1231, 1233–1235, 1238–1255), Peremyshl (1211), and Volodymyr-Volynsky (1212–1231). He was crowned by a papal archbishop in Dorohychyn 1253/1255 as the 1st King of Galicia (1253–1264). Danylo of Halych - Biography. In 1205, after the death of his father, Roman Mstyslavyc ...

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• Danylo of Halych - Biography
• Danylo of Halych - Family
• Danylo of Halych - Mother
• Danylo of Halych - Father
• Danylo of Halych - Wives
• Danylo of Halych - Brother
• Danylo of Halych - Sisters
• Danylo of Halych - Sons
• Danylo of Halych - Daughters

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Baldwin IV (1108 – November 8, 1171) was count of Hainaut from 1120 to his death. Baldwin married Alice of Namur, heiress of Namur, and had the following issue: Yolande (1131–1202), married Hugh IV, Count of St Pol Baldwin (1134–1147) Agnes (1142–1168) Geoffrey, Count of Ostervant (1147–1163) Lauretta (1150–1181), married Bouchard IV, Count of Montmorency Baldwin V (1150–1195), also count of Flanders by his marriage to Margaret I of Fl ...

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An antipope is one whose claim to being Pope is the result of a disputed or contested election. These antipopes were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen by the papal electors (since the Middle Ages, the College of Cardinals; in the twentieth century, their special secret meeting, called conclave, however applies the age limit for eligibility). Some self-appointed leaders of smaller churches are also called "antipopes." During certain periods of turbulence in the Roman Catholic Church, controversial Papal elections ...

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• Antipope - List of antipopes
• Antipope - Sedevacantist antipopes
• Antipope - Antipopes of the 20th-21st centuries
• Antipope - Sources an References

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Bertrand de Blanchefort or Blanquefort (c. 1109-January 2, 1169) was the sixth Grand Master of the Knights Templar, from 1156 until his death. He was the younger son of Godfrey of Blanchefort, a knight of Aquitaine. He succeeded André de Montbard, and introduced reforms to the Rule of the Order. He obtained from the Pope the right to use the title "Master by the grace of God", and to carry the baton known as the Abacus. During his rule, he fought against Nur ad-Din, and was taken prisoner after King Baldwin III of Jerus ...

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1104 - Events. September 3 - St. Cuthbert reburied in the Durham Cathedral The Venice Arsenal, is founded in Venice. Alfonso I of Aragon becomes King of Aragon and Navarre. Historian Guibert of Nogent becomes abbot of Notre Dame de Nogent. Baldwin I of Jerusalem captures Acre. Baldwin II, count of Edessa, is taken prisoner by the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Harran; Tancred becomes regent. Kilij Arslan I, Sultan of Rüm, starts a war with the Danishmend ...

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• 1104 - Events
• 1104 - Births
• 1104 - Deaths

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April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). There are 270 days remaining. April 5 - Events. 33 - (traditional date) Resurrection of Jesus, according to the Christian gospels. (date est. by Sir Isaac Newton) 1242 - During a battle on the ice of Chudskoye Lake, Russian forces rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights. 1614 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. < ...

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• April 5 - Events
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• April 5 - Deaths
• April 5 - Holidays and observances

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The Mishnah (Hebrew משנה, "repetition") is a major source of rabbinic Judaism's religious texts. It is the first recording of the oral law of the Jewish people, as championed by the Pharisees and is considered the first work of Rabbinic Judaism. The Mishnah was redacted around the year 200 CE by Judah haNasi ("Judah the Prince"). He is usually simply referred to as Rebbi ("Rabbi"). Nearly all of the Mishnah is written in Mishnaic Hebrew, except for a few verses, which are written in Aramaic. Rabbinic commentaries on ...

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• Mishnah - Relation between the Hebrew Bible and the Mishnah
• Mishnah - The writing of the Mishnah
• Mishnah - The structure of the Mishnah
• Mishnah - The generations of the Mishnah sages
• Mishnah - Oral traditions and pronunciation
• Mishnah - Commentaries
• Mishnah - Historical study

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Myōan Eisai (明菴栄西) (April 20, 1141–July 5, 1215) was a Japanese Buddhist priest, credited with bringing the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism and green tea from China to Japan. He is often known simply as Eisai Zenji (栄西禅師), lit. "Zen master Eisai". Born in Bitchu province (modern-day Okayama), Eisai started his studies of Buddhism in a Tendai temple. Dissatisfied with the state of Buddhism at the time, in 1168 he set off on his first trip to Mt. Tiantai, the home of the sect, where he first encountered Ch ...

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• Eisai - External link

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Rabbi Avraham son of Rambam (1168 – December 7, 1237, also Avraham Maimuni) the son of Maimonides (Rambam) was the head of the Egyptian Jewish community following his father. Avraham son of Rambam - Biography. Avraham was born in Fostat, Egypt - his father, Maimonides, was fifty-one years old then. The boy was "modest, highly refined and unusually good natured"; he was also noted for his brilliant intellect and even while a youth became known as a great scholar. When his father died ...

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• Avraham son of Rambam - Biography
• Avraham son of Rambam - Works

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It was Nur ad-Din's dream to unite the various Muslim forces between the Euphrates and the Nile to make a common front against the crusaders. In 1149 Saif ad-Din Ghazi died, and a younger brother, Qutb ad-Din, succeeded him. Qutb ad-Din recognized Nur ad-Din as overlord of Mosul, so that the major cities of Mosul and Aleppo were united under one man. Damascus was all that remained as an obstacle to the unification of Syria. After the failure of the Second Crusade, Mu'in ad-Din had renewed his treaty with the crusaders, and after his d ...

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Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources

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Archaeological surveys have shown that stave churches, as they are best represented today by the Borgund stave church, descend from palisade constructions and later churches with earth-bound posts. The palisade constructions are known from buildings from the Viking era. Logs were split in two halves, rammed into the ground and given a roof. A simple construction yet very strong. If set in gravel the wall could last for decades, even centuries. Remains of buildings of this type are found over much of Europe. An archaeological survey in Lund uncov ...

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Stave church, Stave church - Construction, Stave church - Single nave church Type A, Stave church - Church with a raised roof Type B, Stave church - History, Stave church - Architecture and decoration, Stave church - Dating of churches, Stave church - The old stave churches, Stave church - Later stave churches and replicas, Stave church - Archaeological sites and dismantled churches, Stave church - Footnote

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After his return to the Holy Land in 1165 he became canon of the cathedral at Acre, and in 1167 was appointed archdeacon of the cathedral of Tyre by King Amalric I. In 1168 he was sent on a diplomatic mission for Amalric to the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus, to finalize the treaty made between the two rulers for a joint campaign against Egypt. In 1169 he visited Rome to answer accusations made against him by Frederick, the archbishop of Tyre; the charge is unknown but was perhaps related to William's rather large income as ...

See also:

William of Tyre, William of Tyre - Early life, William of Tyre - Religious and political life in Jerusalem, William of Tyre - Works, William of Tyre - Sources

Read more here: » William of Tyre: Encyclopedia II - William of Tyre - Religious and political life in Jerusalem

Rügen was first populated about 4000 BC. The migrants were probably members of the Funnelbeaker culture, which exploited the island's flint deposits. It was later settled by migrants from Scandinavia, a Germanic tribe called Rugians who gave their name to the island. In the 7th century Slavic peoples came and settled there. They were called the Rojane. Many traces of their life can be found today. Rügen became a Slavic principality with the political and religious centre in the fortified temple of Świętowit at Cape Arkona, ...

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Rügen, Rügen - Geography, Rügen - History

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For lists of the prehistoric kings of Sweden see Mythological kings of Sweden Semi-legendary kings of Sweden List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Munsö or Uppsala. c. 970- c. 995 : Eric the Victorius (Erik Segersäll) c. 995- c. 1022 : Olof the Treasurer (Olof Skötkonung) c. 1022-1050 : Anund Jacob (Anund Jakob) - and in South Canut ...

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List of Swedish monarchs, List of Swedish monarchs - Monarchs Regents and Viceroys of Sweden, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Munsö or Uppsala, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Stenkil, List of Swedish monarchs - The Houses of Sverker and Erik, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Bjällbo, List of Swedish monarchs - Regents of the Kalmar Union and Viceroys Riksföreståndare, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Vasa, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Hesse, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Holstein-Gottorp, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Bernadotte

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When his mother passed away, his grandfather, Retired Emperor Shirakawa, took him under his care and raised him. He became emperor at the age of four upon the death of his father, Emperor Horikawa. Government affairs were controlled by his grandfather as cloistered emperor. He abdicated in 1123. In 1129, after the death of Retired Emperor Shirakawa, he began to rule as cloistered emperor. He continued to hold power through the reigns of three emperors, Emperor Sutoku, Emperor Konoe, and Emperor Go-Shirakawa. In 1142, he became a ...

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Emperor Toba, Emperor Toba - Genealogy, Emperor Toba - Empresses, Emperor Toba - Life, Emperor Toba - Eras of his reign

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After 1202 Pomeranian Duchy is divided into several duchies, most important being Wolgast and Szczecin duchies, united into one Pomeranian state from time to time. 1264-1278 Barnim I Dobry 1278-1295 Barnim II, Otto I and Boguslaw IV 1478-1523 Boguslaw X 1523-1531 Jerzy I and Barnim XI Pobozny 1625-1637 Boguslaw XIV from 1637 western part of Pomerania inc. Szczecin to Sweden 1637-1657 counties of Lebork and Bytow to Poland, next to Brandenburg from 1648 eastern part o ...

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Dukes of Pomerania, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Pomerania Eastern - Księstwo Pomorskie Wschodnie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Bialogarda/Belgard Ksiestwo bialogardzkie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Gdańsk/Danzig Księstwo gdańskie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Lubiszewo Ksiestwo lubiszewskie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Swiecie/Schwetz Ksiestwo swieckie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Pomerania Middle or Slawno/Schlawe - Ksiestwo Slawienskie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Pomerania Western - Ksiestwo Pomorskie Zachodnie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Szczecin/Stettin Ksiestwo Szczecinskie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Wologoszcz/Wolgast Ksiestwo wologoskie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Bardo/Barth Ksiestwo bardowskie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Darlowo/Ruegenwalde Ksiestwo Darlowskie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Dymin/Demmin Ksiestwo dyminkie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Slupsk/Stolp Ksiestwo Slupskie, Dukes of Pomerania - Duchy of Stargard Ksiestwo stargardzkie, Dukes of Pomerania - Principality of Rugia/Rugen/Rana - Ksiestwo Rugijskie/Ranskie

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He was made Crown Prince before his first birthday, and was enthroned at the age of one. He was later pressured by the Taira clan to abdicate in favor of his uncle (who was, in fact, about three years older then him), Emperor Takakura. He died at the age of eleven. Because of his youth, he had neither consorts nor children. Government affairs were run by his grandfather, Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa as cloistered emperor. ...

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Emperor Rokujo, Emperor Rokujo - Genealogy, Emperor Rokujo - Life, Emperor Rokujo - Eras of his reign

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