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1166 | A Wisdom Archive on 1166 | | 1166 A selection of articles related to 1166 | |
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1166, 1166, 1166 - Births, 1166 - Deaths, 1166 - Events, 1166 - Heads of states
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1166 | | | |  1166: Encyclopedia II - Chancellor of Germany - Reichskanzler 1871-1945Before World War II, the title in Germany was Reichskanzler listen ▶ (help·info). In the 1871 German Empire, the Chancellor served both as the Emperor's first minister, and as presiding officer of the Bundesrat, the upper chamber of the German parliament. He was neither elected by nor responsible to Parliament (the ...
See also:Chancellor of Germany, Chancellor of Germany - Bundeskanzler North German Confederation 1867-1871, Chancellor of Germany - Reichskanzler 1871-1945, Chancellor of Germany - Chancellors of the German Empire 1871-1919, Chancellor of Germany - Chancellors of the Weimar Republic 1919-1933, Chancellor of Germany - Chancellors of the Third Reich 1933-1945, Chancellor of Germany - Bundeskanzler since 1949, Chancellor of Germany - Appointment mechanism, Chancellor of Germany - Votes of no-confidence, Chancellor of Germany - The chancellor's role, Chancellor of Germany - List of Chancellors since 1949 Read more here: » Chancellor of Germany: Encyclopedia II - Chancellor of Germany - Reichskanzler 1871-1945 |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain Main article: Lordship of Oultrejordain
The Lordship of Oultrejordain, consisting of land with an undefined boundary to the east of the Jordan River, was one of the largest and most important seigneuries. It was an important source of revenue, from the Muslim caravan routes that existed there. The last lord, Raynald of Chatillon, received Oultrejordain by marrying its heiress, Stephanie of Milly. Raynald considered himself Prince of Oultrejordain, not subject to the King, and was especially hostile to the Muslims. He was largel ...
See also:Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Introduction, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Northern States, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Inheritance in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - County of Jaffa and Ascalon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ramla, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ibelin, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Mirabel, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Principality of Galilee, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Beirut, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nazareth, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Haifa, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Sidon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of the Schuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Other seigneuries, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Adelon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Arsuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Bethsan, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Blanchegarde, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caesarea, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caymont, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Dera, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Hebron, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Montgisard, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nablus, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Scandeleon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Tyre, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Seigneury of Joscelin III of Edessa Read more here: » Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Oultrejordain - Geography and demography Oultrejordain extended southwards through the Negev Desert to the Gulf of Aqaba. To the north and east (the ancient Gilead) there were no real borders — to the north was the Dead Sea and to the east were caravan and pilgrimage routes, part of the Muslim Hijaz. These areas were also under the control of the sultan of Damascus, and by custom the two opponents rarely met there, for battle or for other purposes.
Before the First Crusade Oultrejordain was controlled by the Fatimids of Egypt, whose representatives (originally very few, if ...
See also:Oultrejordain, Oultrejordain - Geography and demography, Oultrejordain - Crusader Lordship of Oultrejordain, Oultrejordain - Lords of Oultrejordain, Oultrejordain - Sub-vassals, Oultrejordain - Sources Read more here: » Oultrejordain: Encyclopedia II - Oultrejordain - Geography and demography |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Sidon Main article: Lordship of Sidon
Sidon was captured in 1110 and given to Eustace I Grenier.
Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of the Schuf.
The Schuf was created out of the Lordship of Sidon as a vassal around 1170. It was centred on the Cave of Tyron. Julian of Sidon sold it to the Teutonic Knights in 1256.
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See also:Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Introduction, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Northern States, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Inheritance in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - County of Jaffa and Ascalon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ramla, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ibelin, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Mirabel, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Principality of Galilee, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Beirut, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nazareth, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Haifa, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Sidon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of the Schuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Other seigneuries, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Adelon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Arsuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Bethsan, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Blanchegarde, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caesarea, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caymont, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Dera, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Hebron, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Montgisard, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nablus, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Scandeleon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Tyre, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Seigneury of Joscelin III of Edessa Read more here: » Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Sidon |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Principality of Galilee Main article: Principality of Galilee
The Principality of Galilee was established by Tancred in 1099. The principality became the fief of the families of St. Omer, Montfaucon (Falcomberques), and then Bures, and its main seat was in Tiberias; thus it was sometimes also called the Principality of Tiberias or the Tiberiad. The Principality was destroyed by Saladin in 1187, although the title was used by relatives and younger sons of the kings of Cyprus (the titular kings of Jerusalem) afterwards.
The Principality also had its own vassals, the L ...
See also:Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Introduction, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Northern States, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Inheritance in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - County of Jaffa and Ascalon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ramla, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ibelin, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Mirabel, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Principality of Galilee, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Beirut, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nazareth, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Haifa, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Sidon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of the Schuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Other seigneuries, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Adelon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Arsuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Bethsan, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Blanchegarde, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caesarea, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caymont, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Dera, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Hebron, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Montgisard, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nablus, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Scandeleon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Tyre, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Seigneury of Joscelin III of Edessa Read more here: » Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Principality of Galilee |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders See also: Jihad
Nur ad-Din was the second son of Imad ad-Din Zengi, the Turkish atabeg of Aleppo and Mosul, who was a devoted enemy of the crusader presence in Syria. After the assassination of his father, Nur ad-Din and his older brother Saif ad-Din Ghazi I divided the kingdom amongst themselves, with Nur ad-Din governing Aleppo and Saif ad-Din establishing himself in Mosul. The border between the two new kingdoms was formed by the Nahr al-Khabur river. Almost as soon as he began his rule, Nur ad-Din attacked the Princi ...
See also:Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources Read more here: » Nur ad-Din: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Bohemund III of Antioch - Later life and death In 1190 Bohemund met the remnants of the German contingent arriving on the Third Crusade; Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, had died on the way and some of his remains were buried in Antioch. He otherwise played little role in the crusade, preferring to remain neutral to avoid provoking Saladin. In 1194 Bohemund was captured by Leo II of Armenia. Leo had seized the castle of Bagras, on the northern border of Antioch, which had been captured by Saladin in 1189. Bohemund and the Knights Templar, its original owners, demanded its return. Leo lur ...
See also:Bohemund III of Antioch, Bohemund III of Antioch - Early life, Bohemund III of Antioch - Prince of Antioch, Bohemund III of Antioch - Excommunication, Bohemund III of Antioch - Collapse of Jerusalem, Bohemund III of Antioch - Later life and death, Bohemund III of Antioch - Family and children, Bohemund III of Antioch - Sources Read more here: » Bohemund III of Antioch: Encyclopedia II - Bohemund III of Antioch - Later life and death |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Thierry Count of Flanders - Family His first wife, Marguerite or Suanhilde, died in 1133, leaving only one daughter, Laurette of Flanders, who married four times:
Iwain, Count of Aalst;
Henry II, Duke of Limburg;
Raoul I of Vermandois, Count of Vermandois;
Henry I, Count of Luxembourg.
Laurette finally retired to a nunnery, where she died in 1170.
Thierry secondly married Sibylla of Anjou, daughter of Fulk V of Anjou and Ermengarde of Maine, and widow of William Clito. Their children were:
Philip of Fla ...
See also:Thierry Count of Flanders, Thierry Count of Flanders - Life, Thierry Count of Flanders - Family, Thierry Count of Flanders - Sources Read more here: » Thierry Count of Flanders: Encyclopedia II - Thierry Count of Flanders - Family |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Examples of feudalism - Scotland The system of land tenure in Scotland was until recently overwhelmingly feudal in nature. In theory, this meant that the land was held under The Crown as ultimate feudal superior. Historically, The Crown would make a grant of land in return for military or other services and the grantees would in turn make sub-grants for other services and so on. Those making grants - the "superiors" - retained a legal interest in the land ("dominium directum"), and so a hierarchical structure was created with each property having a number of owners, co-exis ...
See also:Examples of feudalism, Examples of feudalism - Pakistan and India, Examples of feudalism - China, Examples of feudalism - Japan, Examples of feudalism - 12th century England, Examples of feudalism - Scotland, Examples of feudalism - Sweden, Examples of feudalism - Modern England, Examples of feudalism - Sark, Examples of feudalism - Great Lakes, Examples of feudalism - Pronoia Read more here: » Examples of feudalism: Encyclopedia II - Examples of feudalism - Scotland |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Treaty of Winsor The Treaty of Winsor was a pact between Ua Conchobair and Henry II which acknowledged Henry's right to the lordship of Leinster, Meath and such areas then occupied by his Norman subjects. Lorcán was able to get Henry to acknowledge Ua Conchobair's right to the High Kingship and to his lands. However, in so doing, Lorcán had to cede Henry Ua Conchobair's tribute to him.
During the negotiations, Lorcán was saying Mass at the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury when he was attacked by a madman. The man had heard of the Archbisho ...
See also:Lorcán Ua Tuathail, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Early life, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Archbishop of Dublin, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Exile of Dermot and the coming of the Normans, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Synod of Cashel, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Treaty of Winsor, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Last years and death in Normandy Read more here: » Lorcán Ua Tuathail: Encyclopedia II - Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Treaty of Winsor |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - History of Wiltshire - Ecclesiastical buildings
History of Wiltshire - Monastic ruins.
Chief among the few monastic buildings of which any vestiges remain are the ruined abbeys of Malmesbury and of Lacock near Melksham. There are some traces of the hospital for leprous women afterwards converted into an Austin Priory at Maiden Bradley. Monkton Farleigh, farther north along the Somerset border, had its Cluniac priory, founded as a cell of Lewes in the 13th century, and represented by some outbuildings of the manor-house. A college for a dean and 12 prebendaries ...
See also:History of Wiltshire, History of Wiltshire - Early history, History of Wiltshire - Land ownership after the Norman Conquest, History of Wiltshire - Wiltshire's hundreds, History of Wiltshire - Ancient moot places and meeting points, History of Wiltshire - Religious administrative areas, History of Wiltshire - Early political history, History of Wiltshire - Employment manufacturing and industry, History of Wiltshire - Parliamentary representation, History of Wiltshire - Prehistoric remains and monuments, History of Wiltshire - Roman remains, History of Wiltshire - Ecclesiastical buildings, History of Wiltshire - Monastic ruins, History of Wiltshire - Notable churches, History of Wiltshire - Secular architecture, History of Wiltshire - Castles, History of Wiltshire - Manor Houses Read more here: » History of Wiltshire: Encyclopedia II - History of Wiltshire - Ecclesiastical buildings |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Sicilian language - Ethnologue report on Sicilian
Sicilian language - Alternate names.
The alternate names of Sicilian are: Calabro-Sicilian, Sicilianu, Siculu. The term "Calabro-Sicilian" refers to the fact that a form of Sicilian, or a dialect closely related to Sicilian, is spoken in central and southern Calabria. Sicilianu is the name of the language in Sicilian. The term "Siculu" describes one of the larger prehistoric groups living in Sicily before the arrival of Greeks in the 8th century BC (see below). It can also be used as an adjective to qualify, ...
See also:Sicilian language, Sicilian language - Ethnologue report on Sicilian, Sicilian language - Alternate names, Sicilian language - Dialects of Sicilian, Sicilian language - Other observations, Sicilian language - Early influences, Sicilian language - Pre-classical period, Sicilian language - Greek influences, Sicilian language - Arab period, Sicilian language - Linguistic development from the middle ages, Sicilian language - Norman French influence, Sicilian language - Other Gallic influences, Sicilian language - Sicilian School of Poetry, Sicilian language - Catalan influence, Sicilian language - Spanish period to the modern age, Sicilian language - Distinguishing features of Sicilian, Sicilian language - Gender and the formation of plurals, Sicilian language - Omission of initial Latin i, Sicilian language - Verb to have, Sicilian language - Unique sounds, Sicilian language - Gemination and contractions, Sicilian language - Language situation today Read more here: » Sicilian language: Encyclopedia II - Sicilian language - Ethnologue report on Sicilian |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Exile of Dermot and the coming of the Normans In 1166 Dermot was deposed as King of Lenister by an alliance of Irish Kings and Princes, led by High King Ruaidri mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair and King Tighernan Ua Ruairc of Breifne; Dermot had in 1152 abducted Dervorgilla, Ua Ruairc's wife and on the death of Dermot's protector, High King Muirchertach MacLochlainn in 1166, he paid the price. Exiled and with only a half-hearted promise of help from Henry II, after much wandering in Wales, England and France, he returned to Ireland with a group of penniless and down-on-their-luck Norman, ...
See also:Lorcán Ua Tuathail, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Early life, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Archbishop of Dublin, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Exile of Dermot and the coming of the Normans, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Synod of Cashel, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Treaty of Winsor, Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Last years and death in Normandy Read more here: » Lorcán Ua Tuathail: Encyclopedia II - Lorcán Ua Tuathail - Exile of Dermot and the coming of the Normans |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Rosamund Clifford - Other stories Not much is known about Rosamund, but she is discussed in books about Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry's Queen. The legends concerning her life abound, but few hard facts are available. The story that she was poisoned by a jealous Eleanor is certainly untrue, and so is the tale that Henry constructed the hunting lodge at Woodstock for her and surrounded it with a garden that was a labyrinth ("Rosamund's Bower," which was pulled down when Blenheim Palace was built nearby). During the Elizabethan era, the stories gained popularity, but the Ballad of Fair Rosamund by Thomas Delaney and the Complaint of Rosamund ...
See also:Rosamund Clifford, Rosamund Clifford - Children?, Rosamund Clifford - Other stories, Rosamund Clifford - Death and thereafter Read more here: » Rosamund Clifford: Encyclopedia II - Rosamund Clifford - Other stories |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - History of Wiltshire - Prehistoric remains and monuments Wiltshire is extraordinarily rich in prehistoric antiquities. The stone age is represented by a number of flint and stone implements, preserved in the unsurpassed collection at Salisbury Museum. Stonehenge, with its circles of giant stones, and Avebury, with its avenues of monoliths leading to what was once a stone circle, surrounded by an earthwork, and enclosing two lesser circles, are the largest and most famous megalithic works in England.
A valley near Avebury is filled with immense sarsen blocks, resembling a river of stone, and ...
See also:History of Wiltshire, History of Wiltshire - Early history, History of Wiltshire - Land ownership after the Norman Conquest, History of Wiltshire - Wiltshire's hundreds, History of Wiltshire - Ancient moot places and meeting points, History of Wiltshire - Religious administrative areas, History of Wiltshire - Early political history, History of Wiltshire - Employment manufacturing and industry, History of Wiltshire - Parliamentary representation, History of Wiltshire - Prehistoric remains and monuments, History of Wiltshire - Roman remains, History of Wiltshire - Ecclesiastical buildings, History of Wiltshire - Monastic ruins, History of Wiltshire - Notable churches, History of Wiltshire - Secular architecture, History of Wiltshire - Castles, History of Wiltshire - Manor Houses Read more here: » History of Wiltshire: Encyclopedia II - History of Wiltshire - Prehistoric remains and monuments |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Sicilian language - Linguistic development from the middle ages In 1000 AD the whole of modern day southern Italy, including Sicily, was a complex mix of small states and principalities, languages, religions and ethnicities. The whole of Sicily was dominated by Muslim Saracens, except for the north-eastern corner, which was predominantly Greek speaking and Christian. The far south of the Italian peninsula was part of the Byzantine empire and predominantly Greek speaking, although many communities were reasonably independent of Constantinople. The principality of Salerno was Lombard. The Lombards (or Lang ...
See also:Sicilian language, Sicilian language - Ethnologue report on Sicilian, Sicilian language - Alternate names, Sicilian language - Dialects of Sicilian, Sicilian language - Other observations, Sicilian language - Early influences, Sicilian language - Pre-classical period, Sicilian language - Greek influences, Sicilian language - Arab period, Sicilian language - Linguistic development from the middle ages, Sicilian language - Norman French influence, Sicilian language - Other Gallic influences, Sicilian language - Sicilian School of Poetry, Sicilian language - Catalan influence, Sicilian language - Spanish period to the modern age, Sicilian language - Distinguishing features of Sicilian, Sicilian language - Gender and the formation of plurals, Sicilian language - Omission of initial Latin i, Sicilian language - Verb to have, Sicilian language - Unique sounds, Sicilian language - Gemination and contractions, Sicilian language - Language situation today Read more here: » Sicilian language: Encyclopedia II - Sicilian language - Linguistic development from the middle ages |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Sicilian language - Spanish period to the modern age By the time the Aragonese crown was joined with the Spanish realm in the late 15th century, the tuscanisation of written Sicilian in the parliamentary and court records had commenced. By the 1543 this process was virtually complete, the new lingua franca of the Italian peninsula had supplanted written Sicilian – for good.
Spanish rule had hastened this process in two important ways:
unike the Aragonese, almost immediately the Spanish placed viceroys on the Sicilian throne. In a sense, the diminishing prestige of ...
See also:Sicilian language, Sicilian language - Ethnologue report on Sicilian, Sicilian language - Alternate names, Sicilian language - Dialects of Sicilian, Sicilian language - Other observations, Sicilian language - Early influences, Sicilian language - Pre-classical period, Sicilian language - Greek influences, Sicilian language - Arab period, Sicilian language - Linguistic development from the middle ages, Sicilian language - Norman French influence, Sicilian language - Other Gallic influences, Sicilian language - Sicilian School of Poetry, Sicilian language - Catalan influence, Sicilian language - Spanish period to the modern age, Sicilian language - Distinguishing features of Sicilian, Sicilian language - Gender and the formation of plurals, Sicilian language - Omission of initial Latin i, Sicilian language - Verb to have, Sicilian language - Unique sounds, Sicilian language - Gemination and contractions, Sicilian language - Language situation today Read more here: » Sicilian language: Encyclopedia II - Sicilian language - Spanish period to the modern age |
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| | | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders See also: Jihad
Nur ad-Din was the second son of Imad ad-Din Zengi, the atabeg of Aleppo and Mosul, who was a devoted enemy of the crusader presence in Syria. After the assassination of his father, Nur ad-Din and his older brother Saif ad-Din Ghazi I divided the kingdom amongst themselves, with Nur ad-Din governing Aleppo and Saif ad-Din establishing himself in Mosul. The border between the two new kingdoms was formed by the Nahr al-Khabur river. Almost as soon as he began his rule, Nur ad-Din attacked the Principality o ...
See also:Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources Read more here: » Nur ad-Din: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Examples of feudalism - China In People's Republic of China, official views of history are based on Marxism, and attempts have thus been made to describe Chinese historical periods in Marxist terminology. Chinese history from the Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty is thus described as the 'feudal period'. In order to do this, new concepts have haf to be invented such as bureaucratic feudalism, which most Western historians would consider a contradiction in terms.
As a result of this Marxist definition, feudal, as used in a Chinese context, is commonly a pejor ...
See also:Examples of feudalism, Examples of feudalism - Pakistan and India, Examples of feudalism - China, Examples of feudalism - Japan, Examples of feudalism - 12th century England, Examples of feudalism - Scotland, Examples of feudalism - Sweden, Examples of feudalism - Modern England, Examples of feudalism - Sark, Examples of feudalism - Great Lakes, Examples of feudalism - Pronoia Read more here: » Examples of feudalism: Encyclopedia II - Examples of feudalism - China |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Chancellor of Germany - Reichskanzler 1871-1945 Before World War II, the title in Germany was Reichskanzler listen (help·info). In the 1871 German Empire, the Chancellor served both as the Emperor's first minister, and as presiding officer of the Bundesrat, the upper chamber of the German parliament. He was neither elected by nor responsible to Parliament (the ...
See also:Chancellor of Germany, Chancellor of Germany - Bundeskanzler North German Confederation 1867-1871, Chancellor of Germany - Reichskanzler 1871-1945, Chancellor of Germany - Chancellors of the German Empire 1871-1919, Chancellor of Germany - Chancellors of the Weimar Republic 1919-1933, Chancellor of Germany - Chancellors of the Third Reich 1933-1945, Chancellor of Germany - Bundeskanzler since 1949, Chancellor of Germany - Appointment mechanism, Chancellor of Germany - Votes of no-confidence, Chancellor of Germany - The chancellor's role, Chancellor of Germany - List of Chancellors since 1949 Read more here: » Chancellor of Germany: Encyclopedia II - Chancellor of Germany - Reichskanzler 1871-1945 |
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| | | | | 1166: Encyclopedia II - Sicilian language - Distinguishing features of Sicilian
Sicilian language - Gender and the formation of plurals.
Generally speaking, Sicilian has the same ending for feminine nouns (and their adjectives) as does Italian, that being the [a], for example: casa (house), porta (door), carta (paper), but there are exceptions to this rule, for example, soru (sister), ficu (fig). Whereas Italian uses [o] as the ending for masculine nouns, Sicilian generally uses [u], for example: omu (man), libbru (book), nomu (name). The ending i can be either ma ...
See also:Sicilian language, Sicilian language - Ethnologue report on Sicilian, Sicilian language - Alternate names, Sicilian language - Dialects of Sicilian, Sicilian language - Other observations, Sicilian language - Early influences, Sicilian language - Pre-classical period, Sicilian language - Greek influences, Sicilian language - Arab period, Sicilian language - Linguistic development from the middle ages, Sicilian language - Norman French influence, Sicilian language - Other Gallic influences, Sicilian language - Sicilian School of Poetry, Sicilian language - Catalan influence, Sicilian language - Spanish period to the modern age, Sicilian language - Distinguishing features of Sicilian, Sicilian language - Gender and the formation of plurals, Sicilian language - Omission of initial Latin i, Sicilian language - Verb to have, Sicilian language - Unique sounds, Sicilian language - Gemination and contractions, Sicilian language - Language situation today Read more here: » Sicilian language: Encyclopedia II - Sicilian language - Distinguishing features of Sicilian |
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