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1165 | A Wisdom Archive on 1165 |  | 1165 A selection of articles related to 1165 |  |
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1165, 1165, 1165 - Births, 1165 - Deaths, 1165 - Events
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1165 |  |  |  | 1165: : Popular Topic Pages II - 17
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Read more here: » Popular Topic Pages II - 17 |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - DeathIn 1143, while the king and queen were on holiday in Acre, Fulk was killed in a hunting accident. His horse stumbled, fell, and Fulk's skull was crushed by the saddle. He was carried back to Acre, where he died and was buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Though their marriage started in conflict, Melisende mourned for him privately as well as publicly. Fulk was survived by his son Geoffrey of Anjou by his first wife, ...
See also:Fulk of Jerusalem, Fulk of Jerusalem - Count of Anjou, Fulk of Jerusalem - Crusader and King, Fulk of Jerusalem - Securing the borders, Fulk of Jerusalem - Death, Fulk of Jerusalem - Family, Fulk of Jerusalem - Sources, Fulk of Jerusalem - Historical Fiction Read more here: » Fulk of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - Death |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - IndependenceThe first period of independence lasted 22 years, beginning in 1918. Estonia underwent a number of economic, social, and political reforms necessary to come to terms with its new status as a sovereign state. Economically and socially, land reform in 1919 was the most important step. Large estate holdings belonging to the Baltic nobility were redistributed among the peasants and especially among volunteers in the Estonian War of Independence. Estonia's principal markets became Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, and western Europe, with some ex ...
See also:History of Estonia, History of Estonia - Pre-history, History of Estonia - The Conquest, History of Estonia - The Middle Ages, History of Estonia - Swedish Period, History of Estonia - Part of Imperial Russia, History of Estonia - Independence, History of Estonia - Period of Soviet and German Occupation, History of Estonia - Creation of Estonian SSR, History of Estonia - German Occupation, History of Estonia - After World War II, History of Estonia - Regaining Independence, History of Estonia - Time line, History of Estonia - Prehistory, History of Estonia - Livonian Period, History of Estonia - Swedish period, History of Estonia - Russian Period, History of Estonia - Independent Estonia Read more here: » History of Estonia: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - Independence |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - FamilyIn 1110, Fulk married Ermengarde of Maine (died 1126), the daughter of Elias I of Maine. Their four children were:
Geoffrey of Anjou
Sibylla of Anjou (1112–1165, Bethlehem), married in 1123 William Clito (div. 1124), married in 1134 Thierry, Count of Flanders
Alice (or Isabella) (1107–1154, Fontevrault), married William Adelin; after his death in the White Ship she became a nun and later Abbess of Fontevrault.
Elias II of Maine (died 1151)
His second wife was Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem
Baldwin III of Jeru ...
See also:Fulk of Jerusalem, Fulk of Jerusalem - Count of Anjou, Fulk of Jerusalem - Crusader and King, Fulk of Jerusalem - Securing the borders, Fulk of Jerusalem - Death, Fulk of Jerusalem - Family, Fulk of Jerusalem - Sources, Fulk of Jerusalem - Historical Fiction Read more here: » Fulk of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - Family |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - Pre-historyHuman settlement became possible when the ice, from the last glacial era, melted away 11,000–13,000 years ago. The oldest known settlement in Estonia was located by the Pärnu River, near the town of Sindi (village Pulli). It dates back to the middle of the 8th millennium BC. (In 2004, another settlement was found near the place where river Reiu joins river Pärnu, it is probably 500-1000 years older than Pulli settlement). Previously known hunting and fishing communities from around 6500 BC had lived near the town of Kunda. Bone and stone ...
See also:History of Estonia, History of Estonia - Pre-history, History of Estonia - The Conquest, History of Estonia - The Middle Ages, History of Estonia - Swedish Period, History of Estonia - Part of Imperial Russia, History of Estonia - Independence, History of Estonia - Period of Soviet and German Occupation, History of Estonia - Creation of Estonian SSR, History of Estonia - German Occupation, History of Estonia - After World War II, History of Estonia - Regaining Independence, History of Estonia - Time line, History of Estonia - Prehistory, History of Estonia - Livonian Period, History of Estonia - Swedish period, History of Estonia - Russian Period, History of Estonia - Independent Estonia Read more here: » History of Estonia: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - Pre-history |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - Securing the bordersJerusalem's northern border was of great concern. Fulk had been appointed regent of the Principality of Antioch by Baldwin II. As regent he had Raymund of Poitou marry the infant Constance of Antioch, daughter of Bohemund II and Alice of Antioch, and niece to Melisende. However, the greatest concern during Fulk's reign was the rise of Atabeg Zengi of Mosul.
In 1137 Fulk was defeated in battle near Barin but allied with Mu'in ad-Din Unur, the vizier of Damascus. Damascus was also threatened by Zengi. Fulk captured the fort of Banias, to the nort ...
See also:Fulk of Jerusalem, Fulk of Jerusalem - Count of Anjou, Fulk of Jerusalem - Crusader and King, Fulk of Jerusalem - Securing the borders, Fulk of Jerusalem - Death, Fulk of Jerusalem - Family, Fulk of Jerusalem - Sources, Fulk of Jerusalem - Historical Fiction Read more here: » Fulk of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - Securing the borders |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - Part of Imperial RussiaSweden's defeat by Russia in the Great Northern War in 1721 resulted in the Treaty of Nystad, and Russian rule was then imposed on what later became modern Estonia. Nonetheless, the legal system, Lutheran church, local and town governments, and education remained mostly German until the late 19th century and partially until 1918.
By 1819, the Baltic provinces were the first in the Russian empire in which serfdom was abolished, the largely autonomous nobility allowing the peasants to own their own land or move to the cities. These move ...
See also:History of Estonia, History of Estonia - Pre-history, History of Estonia - The Conquest, History of Estonia - The Middle Ages, History of Estonia - Swedish Period, History of Estonia - Part of Imperial Russia, History of Estonia - Independence, History of Estonia - Period of Soviet and German Occupation, History of Estonia - Creation of Estonian SSR, History of Estonia - German Occupation, History of Estonia - After World War II, History of Estonia - Regaining Independence, History of Estonia - Time line, History of Estonia - Prehistory, History of Estonia - Livonian Period, History of Estonia - Swedish period, History of Estonia - Russian Period, History of Estonia - Independent Estonia Read more here: » History of Estonia: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - Part of Imperial Russia |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Family
Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs.
His first wife was Himiltrude, married in 766. The marriage was never formally annulled. By her he had:
Pippin the Hunchback (767-813)
His second wife was Gerperga (often erroneously called Desiderata or Desideria), daughter of Desiderius, king of the Lombards, married in 768, annulled in 771.
His third wife was Hildegard of Savoy (757 or 758-783 or 784), married 771, died 784. By her he had:
Charles the ...
See also:Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Family |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - King Arthur - The Arthur of historyThe possible historicity of the Arthur of legend has long been debated by scholars. One school of thought believes Arthur to have lived sometime in the late 5th century to early 6th century, to have been of Romano-British origin, and to have fought against the pagan Saxons. His power base was probably in either Wales, Cornwall, or the west of what would become England. However, controversy over the centre of his power and the extent and kind of power he wielded continues to this day.
Some members of this school, most notably Geoffrey ...
See also:King Arthur, King Arthur - The Arthur of history, King Arthur - Earliest traditions of Arthur, King Arthur - The Arthurian romance, King Arthur - Arthur's swords, King Arthur - Arthur in various media, King Arthur - Literature, King Arthur - Plays, King Arthur - Opera, King Arthur - Film, King Arthur - Television, King Arthur - Other media, King Arthur - Bibliography Read more here: » King Arthur: Encyclopedia II - King Arthur - The Arthur of history |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Shirakawa - LifeWhen he was very young, his relations with his father were very cold, but in 1068, when his father was enthroned, he was proclaimed a shinnō (Imperial Prince), becoming Imperial Prince Sadahito. (貞仁親王). In 1069, he became Crown Prince and in 1073, at the age of 19, he became emperor.
A kampaku was put in place, but when his father died later that year, he attempted to rule directly, like his father. He attempted to regulate the shōen (manor) system, working to weaken ...
See also:Emperor Shirakawa, Emperor Shirakawa - Genealogy, Emperor Shirakawa - Consorts and Empresses, Emperor Shirakawa - Life, Emperor Shirakawa - Names, Emperor Shirakawa - Eras of his reign Read more here: » Emperor Shirakawa: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Shirakawa - Life |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - British military history - List of fortifications in Britain
British military history - Roman & ancient.
Hadrian's Wall AD 122
Antonine Wall AD 142
British military history - Mediæval.
Castles in the UK
Castles in England
Castles in Northern Ireland
Castles in Scotland
Castles in Wales
...
See also:British military history, British military history - List of British military encounters, British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period, British military history - Mediæval period, British military history - Early Colonial period, British military history - Colonial Period, British military history - Modern Period, British military history - 21st century, British military history - List of fortifications in Britain, British military history - Roman & ancient, British military history - Mediæval, British military history - 1600s, British military history - Georgian & Victorian, British military history - World War II Stop Lines, British military history - List of British military institutions, British military history - List of British military alliances, British military history - Scottish military alliances, British military history - English military alliances, British military history - British military alliances Read more here: » British military history: Encyclopedia II - British military history - List of fortifications in Britain |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Foligno - Monuments art and folkloreMain monuments of the city include:
Palazzo Comunale, built in the 13th century and rebuilt various times;
Duomo or Cathedral of San Feliciano (1133-1201): a Romanesque building; the interior, however, was completely reworked in the 18th century);
Church of S. Maria Infra Portas, the oldest church in town, although the present edifice dates to the 11th century
Trinci Palace (1389-1407), which houses an archaelogical museum and the city's picture gallery
...
See also:Foligno, Foligno - History, Foligno - Monuments art and folklore, Foligno - Quarters, Foligno - External links Read more here: » Foligno: Encyclopedia II - Foligno - Monuments art and folklore |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - Count of AnjouFulk was born between 1089 and 1092, the son of Count Fulk IV of Anjou and Bertrade de Montfort. In 1092, Bertrade deserted her husband and became the mistress of King Philip I of France.
He became count of Anjou upon his father's death in 1109, at the age of approximately 20. He was originally an opponent of King Henry I of England and a supporter of King Louis VI of France, but in 1127 he allied with Henry when Henry arranged for his daughter Matilda to marry Fulk's son Geoffrey of Anjou. Fulk went on crusade in 1120, and become a c ...
See also:Fulk of Jerusalem, Fulk of Jerusalem - Count of Anjou, Fulk of Jerusalem - Crusader and King, Fulk of Jerusalem - Securing the borders, Fulk of Jerusalem - Death, Fulk of Jerusalem - Family, Fulk of Jerusalem - Sources, Fulk of Jerusalem - Historical Fiction Read more here: » Fulk of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - Count of Anjou |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - British military history - List of British military alliances
British military history - Scottish military alliances.
Auld Alliance (1165-1560)
British military history - English military alliances.
Anglo-Portuguese alliance (1386-)
Holy League (1510 to 1513)
Triple Alliance (1668)
Grand Alliance (1689 - ?)
British military history - British military alliances.
Anglo-Portuguese alliance (1704-)
Triple Alliance (1717)
Tripl ...
See also:British military history, British military history - List of British military encounters, British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period, British military history - Mediæval period, British military history - Early Colonial period, British military history - Colonial Period, British military history - Modern Period, British military history - 21st century, British military history - List of fortifications in Britain, British military history - Roman & ancient, British military history - Mediæval, British military history - 1600s, British military history - Georgian & Victorian, British military history - World War II Stop Lines, British military history - List of British military institutions, British military history - List of British military alliances, British military history - Scottish military alliances, British military history - English military alliances, British military history - British military alliances Read more here: » British military history: Encyclopedia II - British military history - List of British military alliances |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Cultural significanceCharlemagne, being a model knight as one of the Nine Worthies, enjoyed an important afterlife in European culture. One of the great medieval literary cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or the Matter of France, centers around the deeds of Charlemagne and his historical commander of the Breton border, Roland, and the paladins who are analogous to the knights of the Round Table or King Arthur's court. Their ...
See also:Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Cultural significance |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Hojo Tokimasa - Tokimasa's Life: The Last Years 1205-1215However, Tokimasa's career was coming to an end. In 1205, Yoshitoki heard rumors from samurai that Tokimasa was planning to have Shogun Sanetomo assassinated. He heard that the heir was none other than Hiraga, who was responsible for the death of Hatakeyama. Yoshitoki, furious, and Masako, who was also scared at the fate of her last son, had Sanetomo under protective guard and Hiraga executed in Kamakura in 1205. Yoshitoki then threatened to rebel against his father.
Tokimasa realized that Shogun Sanetomo was under protection, and, si ...
See also:Hojo Tokimasa, Hojo Tokimasa - Background: The Hojo Clan, Hojo Tokimasa - Tokimasa's Life: Before the Call to Arms 1138-1180, Hojo Tokimasa - Tokimasa's Life: The Gempei War and its Aftermath 1180-1199, Hojo Tokimasa - Tokimasa's Life: Intrigues in the Shogual Court of Mianmoto no Yoriie 1199-1203, Hojo Tokimasa - Tokimasa's Life: Intrigues in the Shogunal Court of Minamoto no Sanetomo 1203-1205, Hojo Tokimasa - Tokimasa's Life: The Last Years 1205-1215, Hojo Tokimasa - For More Information Read more here: » Hojo Tokimasa: Encyclopedia II - Hojo Tokimasa - Tokimasa's Life: The Last Years 1205-1215 |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - King Arthur - The Arthurian romanceThe first major popularization of Arthurian legend was Geoffrey of Monmouth's fictional Historia Regum Britanniae, a medieval equivalent of a bestseller that helped draw the attention of other writers, such as Robert Wace and Layamon, who then expanded on the tales of Arthur. The date of the Historia is given as 1133 by a small proportion of experts; however, the date is more normally given as 1138, as the following quote indicates:
Geoffrey stayed at Oxford at least until 1151 and during this period wrote his two ...
See also:King Arthur, King Arthur - The Arthur of history, King Arthur - Earliest traditions of Arthur, King Arthur - The Arthurian romance, King Arthur - Arthur's swords, King Arthur - Arthur in various media, King Arthur - Literature, King Arthur - Plays, King Arthur - Opera, King Arthur - Film, King Arthur - Television, King Arthur - Other media, King Arthur - Bibliography Read more here: » King Arthur: Encyclopedia II - King Arthur - The Arthurian romance |
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| |  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Owain Gwynedd - Accession to the throne and early campaignsOn Gruffydd's death in 1137, therefore, Owain inherited a portion of a well-established kingdom, but had to share it with Cadwaladr. In 1143 Cadwaladr was implicated in the murder of Anarawd ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth, and Owain responded by sending his son Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd to strip him of his lands in the north of Ceredigion. Though Owain was later reconciled with Cadwaladr, from 1143, Owain r ...
See also:Owain Gwynedd, Owain Gwynedd - Early life, Owain Gwynedd - Accession to the throne and early campaigns, Owain Gwynedd - War with King Henry II, Owain Gwynedd - Disputes with the church and succession, Owain Gwynedd - Fiction Read more here: » Owain Gwynedd: Encyclopedia II - Owain Gwynedd - Accession to the throne and early campaigns |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Owain Gwynedd - Early lifeOwain's father, Gruffydd ap Cynan, was a strong and long-lived ruler who had made the principality of Gwynedd the most influential in Wales during the sixty-two years of his reign, using the island of Anglesey as his power base. His mother, Angharad ferch Owain, was the daughter of Owain ab Edwin. Owain was the second of three sons of Gruffydd and Angharad.
Owain is thought to have been born on Anglesey about the year 1100. By about 1120 Gruffydd had grown too old to lead his forces in battle and Owain and his brothers Cadwallon and l ...
See also:Owain Gwynedd, Owain Gwynedd - Early life, Owain Gwynedd - Accession to the throne and early campaigns, Owain Gwynedd - War with King Henry II, Owain Gwynedd - Disputes with the church and succession, Owain Gwynedd - Fiction Read more here: » Owain Gwynedd: Encyclopedia II - Owain Gwynedd - Early life |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - King Arthur - Earliest traditions of ArthurArthur first appears in Welsh literature. In a surviving early Welsh poem, The Gododdin (ca. 594 AD), the poet Aneirin (ca. 535-600 AD) writes of one of his subjects that "he fed black ravens on the ramparts, although he was no Arthur." However, this poem (as it currently exists) is full of interpolations, and it is not possible to decide if this passage is an interpolation from a later period. The following poems attributed to Taliesin are possibly from a similarly early date: The Chair of the Sovereign, which refers to "Arthu ...
See also:King Arthur, King Arthur - The Arthur of history, King Arthur - Earliest traditions of Arthur, King Arthur - The Arthurian romance, King Arthur - Arthur's swords, King Arthur - Arthur in various media, King Arthur - Literature, King Arthur - Plays, King Arthur - Opera, King Arthur - Film, King Arthur - Television, King Arthur - Other media, King Arthur - Bibliography Read more here: » King Arthur: Encyclopedia II - King Arthur - Earliest traditions of Arthur |
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|  |  |  | 1165: Encyclopedia II - Saint-Omer - MiscellaneousSaint-Omer is the seat of a court of assizes, of tribunals of first instance and of commerce, of a chamber of commerce, and of a board of trade arbitration. Besides the lycée, there are schools of music and of art.
Saint-Omer - Births.
Saint-Omer was the birthplace of:
Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888), statesman
Alexandre Ribot (1842-1923), ...
See also:Saint-Omer, Saint-Omer - Geography, Saint-Omer - Sights, Saint-Omer - Economy, Saint-Omer - Demographics, Saint-Omer - Nearby areas, Saint-Omer - History, Saint-Omer - Miscellaneous, Saint-Omer - Births, Saint-Omer - External link and reference Read more here: » Saint-Omer: Encyclopedia II - Saint-Omer - Miscellaneous |
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