1165

County of Marche - Marche dynasty. Boso I the Old, count of Marche and Périgord (958–988) Aldebert I, count of Marche and Périgord (988–997) Boso II, count of Marche and Périgord (988–1010) Bernard I (1010–1041) Aldebert II (1047–1088) Boso III (1088–1091) Eudes I, son of Bernard I, probably ruled as rege ...

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County of Marche, County of Marche - Counts of Marche, County of Marche - Marche dynasty, County of Marche - Lusignan dynasty, County of Marche - Capetian dynasty, County of Marche - Capetian-Bourbon dynasty, County of Marche - Armagnac dynasty, County of Marche - Capetian-Bourbon dynasty

Read more here: » County of Marche: Encyclopedia II - County of Marche - Counts of Marche

This peculiar style of inlaid ornamental mosaic was introduced into the decorative art of Europe by a marble-worker named Laurentius, a native of Anagni. Laurentius acquired his craft from Greek masters and for a time followed their method of work. However, early in his career, he freed himself from Byzantine traditions and influences, and worked along original lines and evolved a new style of decorative mosaic, vigorous in colour and design. He invariably employed this in conjunction with plain or sculptured marble surfaces, as a decorative ...

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Cosmatesque, Cosmatesque - The style, Cosmatesque - The works, Cosmatesque - Early history

Read more here: » Cosmatesque: Encyclopedia II - Cosmatesque - The style

British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period. Roman conquest of Britain (43) British military history - Mediæval period. Viking invasions (793–1066) Raid on Lindisfarne (793) Campaign of Alfred the Great (871–899) Battle of Edington (878) Battle of Cannington (878) Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066) Norman Conquest of England (1066) - last successful invasion of Engl ...

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British military history, British military history - List of British military encounters, British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period, British military history - Mediæval period, British military history - Early Colonial period, British military history - Colonial Period, British military history - Modern Period, British military history - 21st century, British military history - List of fortifications in Britain, British military history - Roman & ancient, British military history - Mediæval, British military history - 1600s, British military history - Georgian & Victorian, British military history - World War II Stop Lines, British military history - List of British military institutions, British military history - List of British military alliances, British military history - Scottish military alliances, British military history - English military alliances, British military history - British military alliances

Read more here: » British military history: Encyclopedia II - British military history - List of British military encounters

He was made Crown Prince before his first birthday, and was enthroned at the age of one. He was later pressured by the Taira clan to abdicate in favor of his uncle (who was, in fact, about three years older then him), Emperor Takakura. He died at the age of eleven. Because of his youth, he had neither consorts nor children. Government affairs were run by his grandfather, Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa as cloistered emperor. ...

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Emperor Rokujo, Emperor Rokujo - Genealogy, Emperor Rokujo - Life, Emperor Rokujo - Eras of his reign

Read more here: » Emperor Rokujo: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Rokujo - Life

Pisa - Ancient times. Nobody really knows when Pisa was founded. The city lies at the junction of two rivers, Arno and Auser (now disappeared) in the Tyrrhenian Sea forming a laguna area. The Pelasgi, the Greeks, the Etruscans and the Ligurians have variously been proposed as founders of the city. Archeological remains from the 5th century BC confirm the existence of a city at the sea, trading with Greeks and Gauls. The presence of an Etruscan necropolis was discovered during excavations in the Arena Garibaldi ...

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Pisa, Pisa - History, Pisa - Ancient times, Pisa - High Middles Ages, Pisa - 11th century, Pisa - 12th century, Pisa - 13th century, Pisa - Decline, Pisa - Landmarks, Pisa - Notable people associated with Pisa, Pisa - Sources

Read more here: » Pisa: Encyclopedia II - Pisa - History

History of Estonia - Creation of Estonian SSR. On June 16-17, 1940, the Soviet troops occupied the whole territory of Estonia and demanded a change to a new pro-Soviet puppet government. Similarly to the developments in neighboring Latvia and Lithuania, the occupation and change of government was then in the three countries followed by "parliamentary elections" where all but pro-Communist candidates were outlawed. The "parliament" so elected proclaimed Estonia a Socialist Republic on July 21, 1940 and unanimously ...

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History of Estonia, History of Estonia - Pre-history, History of Estonia - The Conquest, History of Estonia - The Middle Ages, History of Estonia - Swedish Period, History of Estonia - Part of Imperial Russia, History of Estonia - Independence, History of Estonia - Period of Soviet and German Occupation, History of Estonia - Creation of Estonian SSR, History of Estonia - German Occupation, History of Estonia - After World War II, History of Estonia - Regaining Independence, History of Estonia - Time line, History of Estonia - Prehistory, History of Estonia - Livonian Period, History of Estonia - Swedish period, History of Estonia - Russian Period, History of Estonia - Independent Estonia

Read more here: » History of Estonia: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - Period of Soviet and German Occupation

By 1127 Fulk was preparing to return to Anjou when he received an embassy from King Baldwin II of Jerusalem. Baldwin II had no male heirs but had already designated his daughter Melisende to succeed him. Baldwin II wanted to safeguard his daughter's inheritance by marrying her to a powerful lord. Fulk was a wealthy crusader and experienced military commander, and a widower. His experience in the field would prove in ...

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Fulk of Jerusalem, Fulk of Jerusalem - Count of Anjou, Fulk of Jerusalem - Crusader and King, Fulk of Jerusalem - Securing the borders, Fulk of Jerusalem - Death, Fulk of Jerusalem - Family, Fulk of Jerusalem - Sources, Fulk of Jerusalem - Historical Fiction

Read more here: » Fulk of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - Crusader and King

Foligno seems to have been founded by Umbrians in the pre-Roman period (probably 8th century BC). It was conquered by the Romans after the Battle of Sentinum in 295 BC, receiving the name of Fulginiae from the ancient cult of the goddess Fulginia. In the classic Roman age the city acquired importance as a Statio principalis of road traffic along the ancient Via Flaminia. The city began to decay in the late Roman Empire years: after the fall of the latter, Fulginiae became part of the Duchy of Spoleto, and was sacked by the Sara ...

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Foligno, Foligno - History, Foligno - Monuments art and folklore, Foligno - Quarters, Foligno - External links

Read more here: » Foligno: Encyclopedia II - Foligno - History

Today Brandenburg suffers from emigration. After the fall of the Berlin Wall the population has suffered greatly. From over 100,000 in 1989 down to roughly 75,000 in 2005. The migration mainly affects the young people and thus the future of the city is uncertain. ...

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Brandenburg town, Brandenburg town - Today's Brandenburg, Brandenburg town - Sights

Read more here: » Brandenburg town: Encyclopedia II - Brandenburg town - Today's Brandenburg

Yuánguāng(元光) Yuánshuò (元朔) Yuánshòu (元狩) Yuándǐng (元鼎) Yuánfēng (元封) Tàichū (太初) Tiānhàn (天漢) Tàishǐ (太始) Zhēnghé (征和) 134 BC – 129 BC 128 BC – 123 BC 122 BC – 117 BC 116 BC – 111 BC 110 BC – 105 BC 104 BC – 101 BC 100 BC – 97 BC 96 BC – 93 BC 92 BC – 89 BC Yuánfèng (元鳳) 80 BC – 75 BC Dìjié (地節) Yuánkāng (元康) Shénjué (神 ...

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Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty

King Arthur - Literature. John Steinbeck's The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights is a traditional take in modern language. T.H. White's The Once and Future King cycle Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court Sidney Lanier's The Boy's King Arthur is a work based on Thomas Malory's, written in such a way to appeal to the boys of the 19th century. Marion Zimmer Brad ...

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King Arthur, King Arthur - The Arthur of history, King Arthur - Earliest traditions of Arthur, King Arthur - The Arthurian romance, King Arthur - Arthur's swords, King Arthur - Arthur in various media, King Arthur - Literature, King Arthur - Plays, King Arthur - Opera, King Arthur - Film, King Arthur - Television, King Arthur - Other media, King Arthur - Bibliography

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In the Middle Ages, the domain of the Serbs included six territories, roughly sorted by importance: Rascia (Raška) Bosnia (Bosna) Doclea / Zeta Zahumlje / Hum Travunia (Travunja, Terbounia) Pagania / Neretvia / Frontier (Paganija, Neretva, Narenta, Krajina, Meranija) Different dynasties sometimes arose from different regions, and this list concentrates on those rulers whose fam ...

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List of Serbian monarchs, List of Serbian monarchs - Rulers of medieval Serbian states, List of Serbian monarchs - Earliest rulers, List of Serbian monarchs - Vlastimirovići, List of Serbian monarchs - Vojislavljevići, List of Serbian monarchs - Vojislavljevići/Uroševići, List of Serbian monarchs - Nemanjići, List of Serbian monarchs - Lazarevići, List of Serbian monarchs - Brankovići, List of Serbian monarchs - Rulers of modern Serbian states, List of Serbian monarchs - Rebel leader, List of Serbian monarchs - Princes of Serbia 1815-1882, List of Serbian monarchs - Kings of Serbia 1882-1918, List of Serbian monarchs - Sources

Read more here: » List of Serbian monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Serbian monarchs - Rulers of medieval Serbian states

In 1147 Frederick became duke of Swabia and shortly afterwards made his first trip to the East, accompanying his uncle, the German king Conrad III, on the Second Crusade. The expedition proved to be a disaster, but Frederick distinguished himself and won the complete confidence of the king. When Conrad died in February 1152, only Frederick and the prince-bishop of Bamberg were at his deathbed. Both asserted afterwards that Conrad had, in full possession of his mental powers, handed the royal insignia to Frederick and indicated that he, rathe ...

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Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor - Life and reign, Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor - Frederick's descendents by his wife Beatrice, Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor - Sources, Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor - Fiction about Frederick I

Read more here: » Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor - Life and reign

British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period. Roman conquest of Britain (43) British military history - Mediæval period. Viking invasions (793–1066) Raid on Lindisfarne (793) Campaign of Alfred the Great (871–899) Battle of Edington (878) Battle of Cannington (878) Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066) Norman Conquest of England (1066) Rebellion of 1088 See also:

British military history, British military history - List of British military encounters, British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period, British military history - Mediæval period, British military history - Early Colonial period, British military history - Colonial Period, British military history - Modern Period, British military history - 21st century, British military history - List of fortifications in Britain, British military history - Roman & ancient, British military history - Mediæval, British military history - 1600s, British military history - Georgian & Victorian, British military history - World War II Stop Lines, British military history - List of British military institutions, British military history - List of British military alliances, British military history - Scottish military alliances, British military history - English military alliances, British military history - British military alliances

Read more here: » British military history: Encyclopedia II - British military history - List of British military encounters

First documented in 1015, and endowed with city and market privileges in 1165, Leipzig has always been known as a place of commerce. The Leipzig Trade Fair became an event of international importance; especially as a point of contact to the East-European economic bloc (Comecon) of which East Germany was a member. The foundation of the University of Leipzig in 1409 initiated the city's development into a center of the publishing industry, and towards being a location of the German National Library (founded in 1912). Johann Sebastian Ba ...

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Leipzig, Leipzig - History, Leipzig - Quotations, Leipzig - Buildings, Leipzig - Twinning, Leipzig - Sights, Leipzig - Webcam, Leipzig - Events, Leipzig - Culture

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The Armenians are an ancient people who have inhabited parts of Turkey, Iran and the Caucasus for more than three thousand years. The first known instance of an Armenian to come anywhere near Jerusalem arrived in the 95 BC under King Tigranes II of Armenia. The Armenian armies captured Caesarea before leaving the Holy Land. It was at this time that Jews may have come to trade with Armenia and settle in that far away land when likewise some Armenians came to know of the lands around Jerusalem and may have traded with the Herodian Jewish state ...

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Armenian Quarter, Armenian Quarter - The Armenian people and their establishment in Jerusalem: 95 BC–640 AD, Armenian Quarter - The First Muslim Period 638–1099, Armenian Quarter - The Crusader Periods 1099–1187 1229–1244, Armenian Quarter - 1260–1517—The Mamluk period, Armenian Quarter - The Ottoman Period 1517–1917, Armenian Quarter - Struggles over the Holy sites, Armenian Quarter - The British Mandate Period—1917–1948, Armenian Quarter - The 1948 War and Jordanian Rule 1948–1967, Armenian Quarter - The 1967 War and Israeli Rule—1967–present

Read more here: » Armenian Quarter: Encyclopedia II - Armenian Quarter - The Armenian people and their establishment in Jerusalem: 95 BC–640 AD

The Japanese calendars prior to 1873 were derived from the Chinese. Japan adopted the Chinese calendar in 645. To convert a Japanese year to a Western year, find the first year of the nengō (=era name, see list below). When found, subtract 1, and add the number of the Japanese year. For example, the 23rd year of the Showa Era (Showa 23) would be 1948 ... 1926 − 1 = 1925, then 1925 + 23 = 1948. 645 大化 Taika 650 白雉 Hakuchi (era) 686 朱鳥 Shuchō 701 ...

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Japanese era name, Japanese era name - Overview, Japanese era name - Historical nengō, Japanese era name - Nengō in Modern Japan, Japanese era name - Conversion table from nengō to Gregorian calendar years, Japanese era name - Unofficial nengō system 私年号

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The founders of the Song dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials. Regional military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed officials. This system of civilian rule led to a greater concentration of power in the emperor and his palace bureaucracy than had been achieved in the previous dynasties. The Song dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce. The lan ...

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Song Dynasty, Song Dynasty - Arts culture and economy, Song Dynasty - Fall of the Southern Song, Song Dynasty - Song dynasty emperors, Song Dynasty - Bei Northern Song dynasty 960- 1127, Song Dynasty - Nan Southern Song dynasty 1127- 1279

Read more here: » Song Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Song Dynasty - Arts culture and economy

He was born on 5 March 1133 at Le Mans to the Empress Matilda and her second husband, Geoffrey the Fair, Count of Anjou. Brought up in Anjou, he visited England in 1149 to help his mother in her disputed claim to the English throne. Prior to coming to the throne he already controlled Normandy and Anjou on the continent; his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine on 18 May 1152 added her holdings to his, including Touraine, Aquitaine, and Gascony. He thus effectively became more powerful than the king of France — with an empire (the Ang ...

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Henry II of England, Henry II of England - Biography, Henry II of England - Appearance, Henry II of England - Fiction, Henry II of England - Coat of arms

Read more here: » Henry II of England: Encyclopedia II - Henry II of England - Biography

The earliest settlement was probably founded in the first millennium BC. By 202 BC it was already a fortified city. During the Han Dynasty it was also the capital of Changsha kingdom. The celebrated Ma-Wang-Dui (馬王堆) Tombs of the Han Dynasty were constructed between 186 and 165 BC. The earliest tomb (no. 2), when excavated in the 1970s, had preserved the corpse of Lady Xin-Zhui in a surprisingly good condition. Also found in the tomb were the earliest versions of Dao-De-Jing written by Lao Zi, and many other historical documents. During the ...

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Changsha, Changsha - Administration, Changsha - History, Changsha - Geography and climate, Changsha - Neighboring areas:, Changsha - Economy, Changsha - Colleges and universities, Changsha - Notable inhabitants

Read more here: » Changsha: Encyclopedia II - Changsha - History

July 31 - 1900 to Present. 1914 - Jean Jaurès, French politician (d. 1859) 1917 - Francis Ledwidge, Irish poet (b. 1881) 1944 - Antoine de Saint-Exupery, French pilot and writer (b. 1900) 1953 - Robert Taft, U.S. Senator from Ohio and Presidential candidate (b. 1889) 1972 - Paul-Henri Spaak, Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1899) 1980 - Mohd. Rafi, Indian playback singer (b. 1924) 1993 - King Baudouin I of Belgium (b. 1930) 2001 - Poul Anderson, A ...

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July 31, July 31 - Events, July 31 - Births, July 31 - Deaths, July 31 - 1900 to Present, July 31 - Holidays and observances, July 31 - Fiction

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In 1009 the Fatamid ruler Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah demolished the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, an act that would help light the spark of the Crusades. Pope Urban II called on Christians throughout Europe to unite and drive out the Seljuk "infidels" who had been harassing and suppressing the Christians trying to live in and pass through the Holy Land. The Pope's call was taken up and the heavily armored crusaders set off across Europe, through the Balkans, past the Byzantine Empire and even wandered in sight of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia o ...

See also:

Armenian Quarter, Armenian Quarter - The Armenian people and their establishment in Jerusalem: 95 BC–640 AD, Armenian Quarter - The First Muslim Period 638–1099, Armenian Quarter - The Crusader Periods 1099–1187, 1229–1244, Armenian Quarter - 1260–1517—The Mamluk period, Armenian Quarter - The Ottoman Period 1517–1917, Armenian Quarter - Struggles over the Holy sites, Armenian Quarter - The British Mandate Period—1917–1948, Armenian Quarter - The 1948 War and Jordanian Rule 1948–1967, Armenian Quarter - The 1967 War and Israeli Rule—1967–present

Read more here: » Armenian Quarter: Encyclopedia II - Armenian Quarter - The Crusader Periods 1099–1187, 1229–1244