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1164 | A Wisdom Archive on 1164 | | 1164 A selection of articles related to 1164 | |
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1164
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1164 | | | |  1164: Encyclopedia II - Bologna - CuisineBologna is renowned for its culinary tradition and it is regarded by some as the food capital of Italy. Situated in the fertile Po River Valley, the rich local cuisine depends heavily on meats and cheeses. As in all of Emilia-Romagna, the production of cured pork meats such as prosciutto, mortadella and salame is an important part of the local food industry. Well-regarded nearby vineyards include Pignoletto dei Colli Bolognesi, Lambrusco di Modena and Sangiovese di Romagna.
Tagliatelle al ragù, tortellini served in broth and mortadella (the original Bologna sausag ...
See also:Bologna, Bologna - History, Bologna - Overview, Bologna - Transport, Bologna - Demographics, Bologna - Cuisine, Bologna - The University, Bologna - Famous residents Read more here: » Bologna: Encyclopedia II - Bologna - Cuisine |
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| | | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Bologna - Overview Over the centuries, Bologna has acquired many nicknames: "Bologna the learned" ("Bologna la dotta") is a reference to its famous university; "Bologna the fat" ("Bologna la grassa") refers to its cuisine.
Bologna is also called "Bologna the red" (Bologna la rossa) not only for its political leanings but also due to its abundance of red brick and marble buildings. Until the late nineteenth century, when a large-scale urban reconstruction project was undertaken, Bologna remained one of the best preserved Medieval cit ...
See also:Bologna, Bologna - History, Bologna - Overview, Bologna - Transport, Bologna - Demographics, Bologna - Cuisine, Bologna - The University, Bologna - Famous residents Read more here: » Bologna: Encyclopedia II - Bologna - Overview |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Cologne - Buildings and places of interest in Cologne The centre of Cologne was completely destroyed during World War II. The reconstruction of the city, while respecting the old layout and naming of the streets, followed the style of the 1950s. Thus, the city today is characterised by simple and modest post-war buildings, with few interspersed pre-war buildings which were reconstructed due to their historical importance. Some buildings of the "Wiederaufbauzeit" (era of reconstruction) as e.g. the opera house by Wilhelm Riphahn are nowadays regarded as classics in modern architecture. Neverthel ...
See also:Cologne, Cologne - Geography, Cologne - The Coat of Arms of Cologne, Cologne - History, Cologne - Sister cities, Cologne - Buildings and places of interest in Cologne, Cologne - Legalities, Cologne - Born in Cologne Read more here: » Cologne: Encyclopedia II - Cologne - Buildings and places of interest in Cologne |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Gamla Uppsala - History Early written sources relate that in prehistoric times Gamla Uppsala was famous all over Northern Europe and the seat of the Swedish kings of the legendary House of Ynglings. During the Middle Ages, it was the largest village of Uppland and its eastern part formed the core of the network of royal estates, the Uppsala öd.
Adam of Bremen relates of the Uppsala of the 1070s and describes it as a pagan cult centre with the enormous Temple at Uppsala with wooden statues of Odin, Thor and Freyr. Gamla Uppsala also had a large Ting, the Ting of all Swedes and a large fair, the Disting ...
See also:Gamla Uppsala, Gamla Uppsala - Geographical description, Gamla Uppsala - History, Gamla Uppsala - Archaeology, Gamla Uppsala - The Royal Mounds, Gamla Uppsala - An old controversy and its solution, Gamla Uppsala - Etymology, Gamla Uppsala - The Church, Gamla Uppsala - Source Read more here: » Gamla Uppsala: Encyclopedia II - Gamla Uppsala - History |
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| | | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Henry II of England - Appearance Peter of Blois left a description of Henry II in 1177: "...the lord king has been red-haired so far, except that the coming of old age and gray hair has altered that color somewhat. His height is medium, so that neither does he appear great among the small, nor yet does he seem small among the great... curved legs, a horseman's shins, broad chest, and a boxer's arms all announce him as a man strong, agile and bold... he never sits, unless riding a horse or eating... In a single day, if necessary, he can run through four or five day-marche ...
See also:Henry II of England, Henry II of England - Biography, Henry II of England - Appearance, Henry II of England - Fiction, Henry II of England - Coat of arms Read more here: » Henry II of England: Encyclopedia II - Henry II of England - Appearance |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Gamla Uppsala - The Church The church was the Archbishopric of Sweden prior to 1273, when the archbishopric was moved to Östra Aros (Östra Aros was then renamed Uppsala due to a papal request). The old cathedral was probably built in the 11th century, but finished in the 12th century. The stone building may have been preceded by a wooden church and probably by the large Temple at Uppsala. After a fire in 1240, a part of the cathedral was removed but the sacristy and the porch were added. In the 15th century, vaults were added as well as chalk paintings. Among the medieval wooden sculptures, there are three triumph crucifixes from the 12th cen ...
See also:Gamla Uppsala, Gamla Uppsala - Geographical description, Gamla Uppsala - History, Gamla Uppsala - Archaeology, Gamla Uppsala - The Royal Mounds, Gamla Uppsala - An old controversy and its solution, Gamla Uppsala - Etymology, Gamla Uppsala - The Church, Gamla Uppsala - Source Read more here: » Gamla Uppsala: Encyclopedia II - Gamla Uppsala - The Church |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Gamla Uppsala - Archaeology People have been buried in Gamla Uppsala for 2000 years, since the area rose above water. originally there were between 2000 and 3000 mounds in the area but most have become farmland, gardens and quarries. Today only 250 barrows remain.
In the parish there are more than 1 000 preserved archaeological remains, but many more have been removed by agriculture. There are cairns of splintered stone that reveal that the area was settled during the Nordic Bronze Age, but most of the grave fie ...
See also:Gamla Uppsala, Gamla Uppsala - Geographical description, Gamla Uppsala - History, Gamla Uppsala - Archaeology, Gamla Uppsala - The Royal Mounds, Gamla Uppsala - An old controversy and its solution, Gamla Uppsala - Etymology, Gamla Uppsala - The Church, Gamla Uppsala - Source Read more here: » Gamla Uppsala: Encyclopedia II - Gamla Uppsala - Archaeology |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Uppsala - Geography Situated on the fertile Uppsalaslätten flatlands of muddy soil, the city is featured by the small Fyris River (Fyrisån) flowing through the landscape surrounded by lush vegetation. Parallel to the river runs the glacial ridge of Uppsalaåsen, at an elevation of circa 30 metres the site of Uppsala's castle from which large parts of the town can be seen. The central park Stadsskogen streches from the south far into town, with opportunities for recreation for many resid ...
See also:Uppsala, Uppsala - History, Uppsala - Politics, Uppsala - Geography, Uppsala - Economy, Uppsala - Universities, Uppsala - Sites of interest, Uppsala - Notable natives Read more here: » Uppsala: Encyclopedia II - Uppsala - Geography |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Ulm - History The oldest settlement of the Ulm area begins in the early neolithic period, around 5000 BC. Settlements of this time have been identified at Eggingen and Lehr. In the city area of Ulm itself the oldest find is from the late neolithic period.
Ulm is first mentioned in 854 and was declared a city by Friedrich Barbarossa in 1164. Ulm blossomed during the 1500s and 1600s, mostly due to the export of high-quality textiles. These centuries also represented the zenith of art in Ulm, especia ...
See also:Ulm, Ulm - Geography, Ulm - History, Ulm - Industry, Ulm - University of Ulm, Ulm - Sights, Ulm - Other landmarks, Ulm - People from Ulm, Ulm - Historical, Ulm - Recent Read more here: » Ulm: Encyclopedia II - Ulm - History |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Rhys ap Gruffydd - Early life Rhys was the second son of Gruffydd ap Rhys, prince of Deheubarth, and Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd, a sister of Owain Gwynedd. He was probably born in Ireland. Both his parents died when he was around four years old, Gwenllian as a result of leading her husband's army into battle in his absence in 1136, Gruffydd himself on his return. His elder brother was Maredudd ap Gruffydd, and there were two younger brothers, Morgan and Maelgwn. He also had two older half-brothers, Anarawd and Cade ...
See also:Rhys ap Gruffydd, Rhys ap Gruffydd - Early life, Rhys ap Gruffydd - First battles, Rhys ap Gruffydd - Early reign, Rhys ap Gruffydd - Peace with King Henry, Rhys ap Gruffydd - Later reign and death, Rhys ap Gruffydd - External link Read more here: » Rhys ap Gruffydd: Encyclopedia II - Rhys ap Gruffydd - Early life |
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| | | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Raymond III of Tripoli - Physical characteristics William of Tyre described Raymond as:
"...a man of slender build, extremely spare, of medium height and swarthy complexion. His hair was straight and rather dark in color. He had piercing eyes and carried his shoulders very erect. He was prompt and vigorous in action, gifted with equanimity and foresight, and temperate in his use of both food and drink, far more than the average man. He showed munificence towards strangers, but towards his own people he was not so lavish. He was fairly well-lettered, an accomplishment which he had acq ...
See also:Raymond III of Tripoli, Raymond III of Tripoli - Early life, Raymond III of Tripoli - Regent of Jerusalem, Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond and the nobles' party, Raymond III of Tripoli - Battle of Hattin and death, Raymond III of Tripoli - Physical characteristics, Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond in fiction, Raymond III of Tripoli - Sources Read more here: » Raymond III of Tripoli: Encyclopedia II - Raymond III of Tripoli - Physical characteristics |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Raymond III of Tripoli - Battle of Hattin and death In Tripoli Raymond made peace with Saladin, perhaps hoping to ally with him against their common enemy Guy. At the end of 1186 Saladin, with his army stationed at Raymond's fief of Tiberias, threatened an invasion of the kingdom when Raynald continued to attack Muslim caravans. An embassy, led by Balian of Ibelin, was sent by Guy to negotiate with Raymond, but Saladin’s troops ambushed them at the Battle of Cresson in May of 1187. Raymond reluctantly made peace with Guy after this, and Saladin immediately besieged Tiberias, rather than pil ...
See also:Raymond III of Tripoli, Raymond III of Tripoli - Early life, Raymond III of Tripoli - Regent of Jerusalem, Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond and the nobles' party, Raymond III of Tripoli - Battle of Hattin and death, Raymond III of Tripoli - Physical characteristics, Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond in fiction, Raymond III of Tripoli - Sources Read more here: » Raymond III of Tripoli: Encyclopedia II - Raymond III of Tripoli - Battle of Hattin and death |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Raymond III of Tripoli - Regent of Jerusalem In 1174 Amalric died and was succeeded by his son Baldwin IV, who was still too young to rule on his own and furthermore was suffering from leprosy; Miles of Plancy, seneschal of the kingdom, claimed the regency, but Raymond soon arrived and demanded to be named regent as the closest male relative of the king (he was a first cousin of Amalric). In this he was supported by the major barons of the kingdom, including Humphrey II of Toron, Balian of Ibelin, and Reginald of Sidon. Soon Mile ...
See also:Raymond III of Tripoli, Raymond III of Tripoli - Early life, Raymond III of Tripoli - Regent of Jerusalem, Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond and the nobles' party, Raymond III of Tripoli - Battle of Hattin and death, Raymond III of Tripoli - Physical characteristics, Raymond III of Tripoli - Raymond in fiction, Raymond III of Tripoli - Sources Read more here: » Raymond III of Tripoli: Encyclopedia II - Raymond III of Tripoli - Regent of Jerusalem |
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| | | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Rhys ap Gruffydd - Later reign and death After Henry's death in 1189, Rhys was again active, revolting against Richard I and attacking the Norman lords surrounding his territory, capturing the castles of St. Clear's, Laugharne and Llanstephan. In his later years Rhys had trouble keeping control of his sons, particularly Maelgwn and Gruffydd, who maintained a feud with each other. In 1194 Rhys was defeated in battle by Maelgwn and Hywel, who imprisoned him ...
See also:Rhys ap Gruffydd, Rhys ap Gruffydd - Early life, Rhys ap Gruffydd - First battles, Rhys ap Gruffydd - Early reign, Rhys ap Gruffydd - Peace with King Henry, Rhys ap Gruffydd - Later reign and death, Rhys ap Gruffydd - External link Read more here: » Rhys ap Gruffydd: Encyclopedia II - Rhys ap Gruffydd - Later reign and death |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Archbishop of Uppsala - Notable archbishops Birger Gregersson (1366-83; hymnist and author), Nils Ragvaldsson (1438- 48; early adherent of Old Norse mythology), Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna) (1448-67; King of Sweden), Jakob Ulfsson (1470-1514; founder of Uppsala University), Gustav Trolle (1515-21; supporter of the Danish King), Johannes Magnus (1523-26: wrote an imaginative Scandianian Chronicle), Laurentius Petri (1531-73; main character behind the Swedish Lutheran reformation), Abraham Angermannus (1593-99; controversial critic of the King), Olaus Martini (1601- 09), Petrus Keniciu ...
See also:Archbishop of Uppsala, Archbishop of Uppsala - Notable archbishops, Archbishop of Uppsala - Archbishop before the Reformation, Archbishop of Uppsala - 12th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 13th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 14th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 15th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - Archbishops after the Reformation, Archbishop of Uppsala - 16th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 17th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 18th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 19th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 20th century Read more here: » Archbishop of Uppsala: Encyclopedia II - Archbishop of Uppsala - Notable archbishops |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Amalric I of Jerusalem - Physical characteristics William was a good friend of Amalric and described him in great detail. "He had a slight impediment in his speech, not serious enough to be considered as a defect but sufficient to render him incapable of ready eloquence. He was far better in counsel than in fluent or ornate speech." Like his brother Baldwin III, he was more of an academic than a warrior, who studied law and languages in his leisure time: "He was well skilled in the customary law by which the kingdom was governed – in fact, he was second to no one in this respect." He was ...
See also:Amalric I of Jerusalem, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Youth, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Succession, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Conflicts with the Muslim states, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Invasions of Egypt, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Rise of Saladin, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Death, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Physical characteristics, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Sources Read more here: » Amalric I of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Amalric I of Jerusalem - Physical characteristics |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Amalric I of Jerusalem - Death Nur ad-Din died in 1174, upon which Amalric immediately besieged Banias. On the way back after giving up the siege he fell ill from dysentery, which was ameliorated by doctors but turned into a fever in Jerusalem. William of Tyre explains that "after suffering intolerably from the fever for several days, he ordered physicians of the Greek, Syrian, and other nations noted for skill in diseases to be called and insisted that they give him some purgative remedy." Neither they nor Latin d ...
See also:Amalric I of Jerusalem, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Youth, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Succession, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Conflicts with the Muslim states, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Invasions of Egypt, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Rise of Saladin, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Death, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Physical characteristics, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Sources Read more here: » Amalric I of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Amalric I of Jerusalem - Death |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Amalric I of Jerusalem - Youth After the death of Amalric's father, the throne passed jointly to his mother Melisende and his older brother Baldwin III. Melisende did not step down when Baldwin came of age, and by 1150 the two were becoming increasingly hostile towards each other. In 1152 Baldwin had himself crowned sole king, and civil war broke out, with Melisende retaining Jerusalem while Baldwin held territory further north. Amalric, who had been given the County of Jaffa as an apanage when he reached the age of majority in 1151, remained loyal to Melisende in Jerusal ...
See also:Amalric I of Jerusalem, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Youth, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Succession, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Conflicts with the Muslim states, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Invasions of Egypt, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Rise of Saladin, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Death, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Physical characteristics, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Sources Read more here: » Amalric I of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Amalric I of Jerusalem - Youth |
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