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1164 | A Wisdom Archive on 1164 | | 1164 A selection of articles related to 1164 | |
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1164
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1164 | | | |  1164: Encyclopedia II - Bohemund III of Antioch - Later life and deathIn 1190 Bohemund met the remnants of the German contingent arriving on the Third Crusade; Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, had died on the way and some of his remains were buried in Antioch. He otherwise played little role in the crusade, preferring to remain neutral to avoid provoking Saladin. In 1194 Bohemund was captured by Leo II of Armenia. Leo had seized the castle of Bagras, on the northern border of Antioch, which had been captured by Saladin in 1189. Bohemund and the Knights Templar, its original owners, demanded its return. Leo lur ...
See also:Bohemund III of Antioch, Bohemund III of Antioch - Early life, Bohemund III of Antioch - Prince of Antioch, Bohemund III of Antioch - Excommunication, Bohemund III of Antioch - Collapse of Jerusalem, Bohemund III of Antioch - Later life and death, Bohemund III of Antioch - Family and children, Bohemund III of Antioch - Sources Read more here: » Bohemund III of Antioch: Encyclopedia II - Bohemund III of Antioch - Later life and death |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Knight - Honorific orders From roughly 1560, purely honorific orders were established, designed as a way to confer prestige and distinction, unrelated to military service or chivalry in the more narrow sense. Such orders were particularly popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, and knighthood continues to be conferred in various countries:
The United Kingdom (see British honours system) and some Commonwealth of Nations countries;
Most European countries, such as The Netherlands (see below).
Malaysia — see Malay titles;
Thailand ...
See also:Knight, Knight - History, Knight - Early heavy cavalry, Knight - Becoming a Knight, Knight - Knighthood and the Feudal system, Knight - Chivalric code, Knight - Military-monastic orders, Knight - Honorific orders, Knight - Literature Read more here: » Knight: Encyclopedia II - Knight - Honorific orders |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Styria duchy - Styria in the first millennium The Roman history of Styria is as part of Noricum and Pannonia, with a Celtic population of the Taurisci. During the great migrations, various Germanic tribes traversed the region using the river valleys and low passes, but about 600 CE the Slavs took possession and settled.
When Styria came under the hegemony of Charlemagne as a part of Karantania (Carinthia), erected as a border territory against the Avars and Slavs, there was a large influx of Bavarii and other Christianized Germanic peoples, whom the bishops of Salzburg and the pa ...
See also:Styria duchy, Styria duchy - Styria in the first millennium, Styria duchy - Steiermark, Styria duchy - Religious history of Styria, Styria duchy - 19th century Styria, Styria duchy - 20th century, Styria duchy - Margraves and Dukes of Styria, Styria duchy - Coat of Arms Read more here: » Styria duchy: Encyclopedia II - Styria duchy - Styria in the first millennium |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Principality of Galilee Main article: Principality of Galilee
The Principality of Galilee was established by Tancred in 1099. The principality became the fief of the families of St. Omer, Montfaucon (Falcomberques), and then Bures, and its main seat was in Tiberias; thus it was sometimes also called the Principality of Tiberias or the Tiberiad. The Principality was destroyed by Saladin in 1187, although the title was used by relatives and younger sons of the kings of Cyprus (the titular kings of Jerusalem) afterwards.
The Principality also had its own vassals, the L ...
See also:Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Introduction, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Northern States, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Inheritance in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - County of Jaffa and Ascalon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ramla, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ibelin, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Mirabel, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Principality of Galilee, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Beirut, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nazareth, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Haifa, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Sidon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of the Schuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Other seigneuries, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Adelon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Arsuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Bethsan, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Blanchegarde, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caesarea, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caymont, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Dera, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Hebron, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Montgisard, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nablus, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Scandeleon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Tyre, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Seigneury of Joscelin III of Edessa Read more here: » Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Principality of Galilee |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Sidon Main article: Lordship of Sidon
Sidon was captured in 1110 and given to Eustace I Grenier.
Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of the Schuf.
The Schuf was created out of the Lordship of Sidon as a vassal around 1170. It was centred on the Cave of Tyron. Julian of Sidon sold it to the Teutonic Knights in 1256.
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See also:Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Introduction, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Northern States, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Inheritance in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - County of Jaffa and Ascalon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ramla, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Ibelin, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Mirabel, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Principality of Galilee, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Beirut, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nazareth, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Haifa, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Sidon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of the Schuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Other seigneuries, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Adelon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Arsuf, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Bethsan, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Blanchegarde, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caesarea, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Caymont, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Dera, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Hebron, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Montgisard, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Nablus, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Scandeleon, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Tyre, Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Seigneury of Joscelin III of Edessa Read more here: » Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Sidon |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Styria duchy - 20th century Following World War I, Styria was divided in the Treaty of Saint Germain. Lower Styria with the cities of Celje and Maribor became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, while the rest remained with Austria as the State of Styria. Other than in Carinthia, no fighting resulted from this, in spite of minority populations on both sides (the larger cities of Lower Styria were largely German-speaking).
Lower Styria was reattached to the Reichsgau Styria from 1942 to 1945, when it was returned to Yugoslavia. Today, it ...
See also:Styria duchy, Styria duchy - Styria in the first millennium, Styria duchy - Steiermark, Styria duchy - Religious history of Styria, Styria duchy - 19th century Styria, Styria duchy - 20th century, Styria duchy - Margraves and Dukes of Styria, Styria duchy - Coat of Arms Read more here: » Styria duchy: Encyclopedia II - Styria duchy - 20th century |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Linköping - Politics Although not renamed a city district (stad), like other major urban municipalities in Sweden have been, the municipality of Linköping does style the speaker of its council Mayor (borgmästare), one of very few contemporary uses of that title in Swedish society. The present Mayor, reflecting the social democratic domination in the council, is Eva Joelsson. Otherwise, the leading social democrat is Lena Micko, who is chairman of the Board of Commissioners, while Paul Lindvall leads the Moderate Party opposition.
Linköping is also the site of residence for ...
See also:Linköping, Linköping - History, Linköping - Politics, Linköping - Culture, Linköping - Sports, Linköping - Notable natives Read more here: » Linköping: Encyclopedia II - Linköping - Politics |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - Legacy According to William of Tyre, although Nur ad-Din was “a mighty persecutor of the Christian name and faith,” he was also “a just prince, valiant and wise, and according to the traditions of his race, a religious man.” Nur ad-Din was especially religious after his illness and his pilgrimage. He considered the crusaders foreigners in Muslim territory, who had come to Outremer to plunder the land and profane its sacred places. Nevertheless, he was tolerant of the Christians who lived under his authority, aside from the Armenians of Edes ...
See also:Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources Read more here: » Nur ad-Din: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - Legacy |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Sverre of Norway - The Bagler war During spring 1196 the Bagler party was formed at Halør in Denmark in opposition against Sverre. Their leaders were Nikolas Arnesson, the nobleman Reidar the Messenger from Viken and Sigurd jarlsson, a bastard son of Erling Skakke. Eirik the Archbishop also gave his support. As their king they choose Inge Magnusson, supposedly the son of Magnus Erlingsson. They then sailed back to Norway.
Sverre happened to be in Viken, and the two forces soon encountered each other although no major battles were fought. Sverre gave his oldest son, S ...
See also:Sverre of Norway, Sverre of Norway - Early life, Sverre of Norway - The veracity of Sverre’s claim, Sverre of Norway - Norway in 1176, Sverre of Norway - Sverre meets the Birkebeiners, Sverre of Norway - Rise to power, Sverre of Norway - Difficult years, Sverre of Norway - Victory over the Heklungs, Sverre of Norway - Troubled reign, Sverre of Norway - Kuvlungs and Øyskjeggs, Sverre of Norway - Sverre and the Church, Sverre of Norway - The Bagler war, Sverre of Norway - Notes Read more here: » Sverre of Norway: Encyclopedia II - Sverre of Norway - The Bagler war |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - Death and succession During this time Nur ad-Din was busy in the north, fighting the Ortoqids, and in 1170 he had to settle a dispute between his nephews when his brother Qutb ad-Din died. After conquering Egypt, Nur ad-Din believed that he had accomplished his goal of uniting the Muslim states, but Saladin did not wish to be subject to his authority. He did not participate in the invasions led by Nur ad-Din against Jerusalem in 1171 and 1173, hoping that the crusader kingdom would act as a buffer state between Egypt and Syria. Nur ad-Din realized that he had created a dangerous opponent in Saladin, and the two rulers assembled the ...
See also:Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources Read more here: » Nur ad-Din: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - Death and succession |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Thierry Count of Flanders - Family His first wife, Marguerite or Suanhilde, died in 1133, leaving only one daughter, Laurette of Flanders, who married four times:
Iwain, Count of Aalst;
Henry II, Duke of Limburg;
Raoul I of Vermandois, Count of Vermandois;
Henry I, Count of Luxembourg.
Laurette finally retired to a nunnery, where she died in 1170.
Thierry secondly married Sibylla of Anjou, daughter of Fulk V of Anjou and Ermengarde of Maine, and widow of William Clito. Their children were:
Philip of Fla ...
See also:Thierry Count of Flanders, Thierry Count of Flanders - Life, Thierry Count of Flanders - Family, Thierry Count of Flanders - Sources Read more here: » Thierry Count of Flanders: Encyclopedia II - Thierry Count of Flanders - Family |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Sverre of Norway - Troubled reign Now that the dissatisfied priest and his band of vagrants and outcasts had become King and rulers of Norway, Sverre worked to consolidate his power. He placed his loyal men in high positions throughout the kingdom and negotiated marriage alliances between the old and new nobility. Sverre himself married Margareta, daughter of Erik the Saint and sister of King Knut Eriksson of Sweden.
Although Norway had seen several conflicts the last decades, the victor had reconciled with his opponents. Reconciliation at Sverre's hand, however, prov ...
See also:Sverre of Norway, Sverre of Norway - Early life, Sverre of Norway - The veracity of Sverre’s claim, Sverre of Norway - Norway in 1176, Sverre of Norway - Sverre meets the Birkebeiners, Sverre of Norway - Rise to power, Sverre of Norway - Difficult years, Sverre of Norway - Victory over the Heklungs, Sverre of Norway - Troubled reign, Sverre of Norway - Kuvlungs and Øyskjeggs, Sverre of Norway - Sverre and the Church, Sverre of Norway - The Bagler war, Sverre of Norway - Notes Read more here: » Sverre of Norway: Encyclopedia II - Sverre of Norway - Troubled reign |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Sverre of Norway - Rise to power Upon Sverre's initial contact, the Birkebeiners had been reduced to a ragtag army of brigands and vagabonds with no more than 70 men, according to the saga. Many regard Sverre's achievement of forging them into a force of skilled and professional soldiers as proof of his leadership qualities.
Sverre of Norway - Difficult years.
During the early years as leader of the Birkebeiners, Sverre and his men were almost constantly on the move. The Birkebeiners were generally viewed as troublemakers with little chan ...
See also:Sverre of Norway, Sverre of Norway - Early life, Sverre of Norway - The veracity of Sverre’s claim, Sverre of Norway - Norway in 1176, Sverre of Norway - Sverre meets the Birkebeiners, Sverre of Norway - Rise to power, Sverre of Norway - Difficult years, Sverre of Norway - Victory over the Heklungs, Sverre of Norway - Troubled reign, Sverre of Norway - Kuvlungs and Øyskjeggs, Sverre of Norway - Sverre and the Church, Sverre of Norway - The Bagler war, Sverre of Norway - Notes Read more here: » Sverre of Norway: Encyclopedia II - Sverre of Norway - Rise to power |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders See also: Jihad
Nur ad-Din was the second son of Imad ad-Din Zengi, the Turkish atabeg of Aleppo and Mosul, who was a devoted enemy of the crusader presence in Syria. After the assassination of his father, Nur ad-Din and his older brother Saif ad-Din Ghazi I divided the kingdom amongst themselves, with Nur ad-Din governing Aleppo and Saif ad-Din establishing himself in Mosul. The border between the two new kingdoms was formed by the Nahr al-Khabur river. Almost as soon as he began his rule, Nur ad-Din attacked the Princi ...
See also:Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources Read more here: » Nur ad-Din: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - Becket leaves England Becket denied the right of the assembly to judge him, appealed to the Pope, and, asserting that his life was too valuable to the Church to be risked, went into voluntary exile on November 2, embarking in a fishing-boat which landed him in France. He went to Sens, where Pope Alexander was, while envoys from the king hastened to work against him, requesting that a legate should be sent to England with plenary authority to settle the dispute. Alexander declined, and when, the next day, Becket arrived and gave him a full account of the proceedings, h ...
See also:Thomas Becket, Thomas Becket - Life before his consecration, Thomas Becket - Archbishop 1162, Thomas Becket - The constitutions of Clarendon, Thomas Becket - Becket leaves England, Thomas Becket - Assassination, Thomas Becket - Aftermath and cultural references, Thomas Becket - Trivia Read more here: » Thomas Becket: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - Becket leaves England |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - Assassination The tension between the two men would only be relieved by catastrophe. Passionate words from the angry king (reputedly "Who will rid me of this meddlesome priest?", "Who will rid me of this low-born priest" or "Who will rid me of this turbulent priest") were interpreted as a royal command, and four knights — Reginald Fitzurse, Hugh de Moreville, William de Tracey, and Richard le Breton — set out to plot the murder of the archbishop. On Tuesday December 29, 1170 they carried out their plan, murdering Becket at the entry of the Quire in Canterbury Cathedral as he was ...
See also:Thomas Becket, Thomas Becket - Life before his consecration, Thomas Becket - Archbishop 1162, Thomas Becket - The constitutions of Clarendon, Thomas Becket - Becket leaves England, Thomas Becket - Assassination, Thomas Becket - Aftermath and cultural references, Thomas Becket - Trivia Read more here: » Thomas Becket: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - Assassination |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - Archbishop 1162 At once there took place before the eyes of the astonished king and country an unexpected transformation in the character of the new archbishop. Having previously been a merry, pleasure-loving courtier, Becket became an ascetic prelate in simple monastic garb, fully devoted to the cause of the hierarchy and prepared to do his utmost to defend it. (Most historians agree that Becket begged the King not to appoint him Archbishop, knowing that this would occur, and even warning the King that he could not be loyal to two masters. Henry would not believe his closest friend would not remain so, and appointed him anyway -- ...
See also:Thomas Becket, Thomas Becket - Life before his consecration, Thomas Becket - Archbishop 1162, Thomas Becket - The constitutions of Clarendon, Thomas Becket - Becket leaves England, Thomas Becket - Assassination, Thomas Becket - Aftermath and cultural references, Thomas Becket - Trivia, Thomas Becket - Note Read more here: » Thomas Becket: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - Archbishop 1162 |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - The constitutions of Clarendon Henry called another assembly at Clarendon for January 30, 1164, at which he presented his demands in sixteen constitutions. What he asked involved the abandonment of the clergy's independence and of their direct connection with Rome; he employed all his arts to induce their consent and was apparently successful with all but the primate.
Finally even Becket expressed his willingness to agree to the constitutions, the Constitutions of Clarendon; but when it came to the actual signature, he defiantly refused. This meant war between the ...
See also:Thomas Becket, Thomas Becket - Life before his consecration, Thomas Becket - Archbishop 1162, Thomas Becket - The constitutions of Clarendon, Thomas Becket - Becket leaves England, Thomas Becket - Assassination, Thomas Becket - Aftermath and cultural references, Thomas Becket - Trivia, Thomas Becket - Note Read more here: » Thomas Becket: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - The constitutions of Clarendon |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - History of the Peerage - Hanoverian Monarchs The Act of Settlement 1701 permitted the Crown to devolve, after Anne's death, upon George, Elector of Hanover, the Queen's closest Protestant relative. George I spoke English poorly and mostly concentrated on the affairs of his German territories. Thus, members of his cabinet, led by Sir Robert Walpole, took political control. As the power of the monarchs slowly shifted to the ministers, peerage dignities came to be conferred at the behest of ministers, not at the pleasure of the Crown. Peerages were of ...
See also:History of the Peerage, History of the Peerage - Feudal Origins, History of the Peerage - Plantagenet and Tudor Monarchs, History of the Peerage - Stuart Monarchs, History of the Peerage - Hanoverian Monarchs, History of the Peerage - Windsor Monarchs Read more here: » History of the Peerage: Encyclopedia II - History of the Peerage - Hanoverian Monarchs |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - History of the Peerage - Stuart Monarchs In 1603, James VI of Scotland became King James I of England. Scotland's Peerage then became subject to many of the same principles as the English Peerage, though many peculiarities of Scottish law continue to apply to it today. Scotland, like England, had lesser and greater barons, as well as earls. There was but one Duke in Scotland: the Duke of Rothesay, the heir-apparent to the Crown. The weak nature of the Scottish Crown had permitted the lesser feudal barons to continue attending the Scottish Estates, or Parliament, until the fifteenth ...
See also:History of the Peerage, History of the Peerage - Feudal Origins, History of the Peerage - Plantagenet and Tudor Monarchs, History of the Peerage - Stuart Monarchs, History of the Peerage - Hanoverian Monarchs, History of the Peerage - Windsor Monarchs Read more here: » History of the Peerage: Encyclopedia II - History of the Peerage - Stuart Monarchs |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - Aftermath and cultural references Local legends in England connected with Becket arose after his canonization. Though they are typical hagiographical stories, they also display Becket’s particular gruffness. Becket’s Well, in Otford, Kent, is said to have been created after Becket had become displeased with the taste of the local water. Two springs of clear water are said to have bubbled up after he struck the ground with his crozier. The absence of nightingales in Otford is also ascribed to Becket, who is said to have been so disturbed in his devotions by the son ...
See also:Thomas Becket, Thomas Becket - Life before his consecration, Thomas Becket - Archbishop 1162, Thomas Becket - The constitutions of Clarendon, Thomas Becket - Becket leaves England, Thomas Becket - Assassination, Thomas Becket - Aftermath and cultural references, Thomas Becket - Trivia, Thomas Becket - Note Read more here: » Thomas Becket: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - Aftermath and cultural references |
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| | | | | 1164: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - Assassination The tension between the two men would only be relieved by catastrophe. Passionate words from the angry king (reputedly "Will no one rid me of this meddlesome priest?", "Who will rid me of this low-born priest" or "Who will rid me of this turbulent priest") were interpreted as a royal command, and four knights — Reginald Fitzurse, Hugh de Moreville, William de Tracey, and Richard le Breton — set out to plot the murder of the archbishop. On Tuesday December 29, 1170 they carried out their plan, murdering Thomas Becket at the entry of the Quire in Canterbury Cathedral as he was ...
See also:Thomas Becket, Thomas Becket - Life before his consecration, Thomas Becket - Archbishop 1162, Thomas Becket - The constitutions of Clarendon, Thomas Becket - Becket leaves England, Thomas Becket - Assassination, Thomas Becket - Aftermath and cultural references, Thomas Becket - Trivia, Thomas Becket - Note Read more here: » Thomas Becket: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Becket - Assassination |
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