1147

The first test of Manuel's reign came in 1144, when he was faced with a demand by Raymond, Prince of Antioch for the cession of Cilician territories. However, later that year the crusader County of Edessa was engulfed by the tide of a resurgent Islamic jihad under Imad ad-Din Atabeg Zengi. With Raymond's eastern flank now dangerously exposed to this new threat, there seemed little option but to prepare for a humiliating visit to Constantinople. Raymond realised that immediate help from the west was out of the question, so swallowing his prid ...

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Manuel I Comnenus, Manuel I Comnenus - Accession to the throne, Manuel I Comnenus - The Second Crusade and Raynald of Chatillon, Manuel I Comnenus - The Italian campaign and Pope Alexander III, Manuel I Comnenus - The Danube frontier: Hungary is defeated Greece flourishes, Manuel I Comnenus - Manuel's invasion of Egypt, Manuel I Comnenus - Kilij Arslan II and the Seljuk Turks, Manuel I Comnenus - Character, Manuel I Comnenus - Assessment, Manuel I Comnenus - Family, Manuel I Comnenus - Sources

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Conquests by Anglian invaders led to the establishment of the kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia. The first Anglian settlement was effected in 547 by Ida, who, accompanied by his six sons, pushed through the narrow strip of territory between the Cheviots and the sea, and set up a fortress at Bamburgh, which became the royal seat of the Bernician kings. About the end of the 6th century Bernicia was first united with the rival kingdom of Deira unde ...

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History of Northumberland, History of Northumberland - Ancient Northumberland, History of Northumberland - The Roman Occupation, History of Northumberland - Northumbria and The Anglian Kingdoms, History of Northumberland - Monastic Culture, History of Northumberland - The Earldom of Northumbria, History of Northumberland - The Norman Invasion and its Aftermath, History of Northumberland - Border Wars Reivers and Rebels, History of Northumberland - Union and Civil War, History of Northumberland - Industrial Development, History of Northumberland - 20th Century Politics and Culture

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Alfonso had already won many victories over the Moors. At the beginning of his reign the religious fervor which had sustained the Almoravide dynasty was rapidly subsiding; in Portugal independent Moorish chiefs ruled over cities and petty taifa states, ignoring the central government; in Africa the Almohades were destroying the remnants of the Almoravide power. Alphonso took advantage of these dissentions to invade Alentejo, reinforced by the Templars and ...

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History of Portugal 1112-1279, History of Portugal 1112-1279 - Reconquista in Portugal, History of Portugal 1112-1279 - Alfonso II, History of Portugal 1112-1279 - Sancho II, History of Portugal 1112-1279 - Alfonso III

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List of battles geographic - Croatian War of Independence. Battle of Vukovar - 1991 Operation Storm - 1995 ...

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List of battles geographic, List of battles geographic - Angola, List of battles geographic - Austria, List of battles geographic - Australia, List of battles geographic - Bangladesh, List of battles geographic - Belarus, List of battles geographic - Belgium, List of battles geographic - Bosnia and Herzegovina, List of battles geographic - Brazil, List of battles geographic - Bulgaria, List of battles geographic - Canada, List of battles geographic - Costa Rica, List of battles geographic - Croatia, List of battles geographic - Croatian War of Independence, List of battles geographic - Czech Republic, List of battles geographic - Hussite Wars, List of battles geographic - Thirty Years' War, List of battles geographic - Seven Years' War, List of battles geographic - Napoleonic Wars, List of battles geographic - Austro-Prussian War, List of battles geographic - World War II, List of battles geographic - China, List of battles geographic - East Timor, List of battles geographic - England, List of battles geographic - Ethiopia, List of battles geographic - France, List of battles geographic - Germany, List of battles geographic - Greece, List of battles geographic - Hungary, List of battles geographic - India, List of battles geographic - Indonesia, List of battles geographic - Iraq, List of battles geographic - Ireland, List of battles geographic - Italy, List of battles geographic - Japan, List of battles geographic - Japanese Islands, List of battles geographic - Korea, List of battles geographic - Latvia, List of battles geographic - Manchuria, List of battles geographic - Marshall Islands, List of battles geographic - Morocco, List of battles geographic - Netherlands, List of battles geographic - New Zealand, List of battles geographic - Nicaragua, List of battles geographic - Norway, List of battles geographic - Oman, List of battles geographic - Pakistan, List of battles geographic - Poland, List of battles geographic - Portugal, List of battles geographic - Romania, List of battles geographic - Russia, List of battles geographic - Scotland, List of battles geographic - Slovenia, List of battles geographic - Spain, List of battles geographic - Sweden, List of battles geographic - Turkey, List of battles geographic - Ukraine, List of battles geographic - United States, List of battles geographic - Venezuela, List of battles geographic - Vietnam, List of battles geographic - Wales, List of battles geographic - Yemen

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The name Corfu is an Italian corruption of the Byzantine Κορυφώ (Koryphō), which is derived from the Greek Κορυφαί (Koryphai), meaning "Crests." In shape it is not unlike the sickle (drepanē), to which it was compared by the ancients, the hollow side, with the town and harbour of Corfu in the centre, being turned towards the Albanian coast. Its extreme length is about 40 miles (60 km). and its greatest breadth about 20 miles (30 km). The area is estimated at 227 sq. miles (580 km²). Two high and well-defined ranges divide th ...

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Corfu, Corfu - Geography, Corfu - Climate, Corfu - Transportation, Corfu - History, Corfu - Archaeology and architecture, Corfu - Music and festivities, Corfu - Persons

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At first a supporter of Stephen of Blois during this king's struggle with the empress Matilda. His initiation in history was on the death of Henry I in 1135, when Maud expected to succeed to the throne of England, but her cousin, Stephen of Blois usurped the throne, breaking an oath he had previously made to defend her rights. It was Bigod who claimed that Henry I (Maud's father, and Stephen's uncle) intended for Stephen to become king at the expense of the empress. Civil War followed, but neither side seem to gain the upper hand. It was not ...

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Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Early years, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - During King Stephen's reign, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Rise of King Henry II, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - The Revolt of 1173, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Final days, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Marriage and family

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The experience of the Jews varied from country to country and from time to time. Extensive main articles exist about many areas of Jewish history: Jewish history - Africa. Main articles: African Jew, and [[]], and [[]]See also:

Jewish history, Jewish history - Ancient Jewish History through 50 CE, Jewish history - Ancient Israelites, Jewish history - Exilic and Post-Exilic Periods, Jewish history - The Hasmonean Kingdom, Jewish history - The diaspora, Jewish history - Jews in the Middle Ages 50 CE through 1700 CE, Jewish history - Europe, Jewish history - Spain North Africa and the Middle East, Jewish history - The European Enlightenment and Haskalah 1700-1800s, Jewish history - 1800s, Jewish history - 1900s, Jewish history - Jewish history by country or region, Jewish history - Africa, Jewish history - Algeria, Jewish history - Australia, Jewish history - Austria, Jewish history - Canada, Jewish history - Carpathia and Ruthenia, Jewish history - China, Jewish history - England, Jewish history - Egypt, Jewish history - Ethiopia, Jewish history - France, Jewish history - Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, Jewish history - Greece, Jewish history - Holland Dutch Provinces, Jewish history - Hungary, Jewish history - India, Jewish history - Iraq and Babylonia, Jewish history - Ireland, Jewish history - Israel, Jewish history - Italy the Papal States and the Italian Duchies, Jewish history - Latin America, Jewish history - Lithuania, Jewish history - Morocco, Jewish history - The Netherlands, Jewish history - Ottoman Empire, Jewish history - Persia and Iran, Jewish history - Poland, Jewish history - Portugal, Jewish history - Russia and the former Soviet Union, Jewish history - Spain, Jewish history - South Africa, Jewish history - Tunisia, Jewish history - Turkey, Jewish history - United States, Jewish history - Yemen, Jewish history - References and further reading

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When Kammu moved the capital to Heian (Kyoto), which remained the imperial capital for the next 1,000 years, he did so not only to strengthen imperial authority but also to improve his seat of government geopolitically. Kyoto had good river access to the sea and could be reached by land routes from the eastern provinces. The early Heian period (794-967) continued Nara culture; the Heian capital was patterned on the Chinese capital at Chang'an, as was Nara, but on a larger scale. Despite the decline of the Taika-Taihō reforms, imperial gover ...

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Heian period, Heian period - History, Heian period - Developments in Buddhism, Heian period - Heian period literature, Heian period - Heian period economics, Heian period - The Fujiwara Regency, Heian period - The Rise of the military class

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Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - Early pre-history. The foundation of the Ukrainian Catholic Church was laid by the communion of the Patriarch of Constantinople with the Popes in Rome throughout most of the first millennium (until 1054) and intermittent communion thereafter. Early inroads of the apostolic Catholic Church included the evangelism of 'first-called' apostle, St. Andrew to the region in the first century AD, and the presence of a representative of the region from the Greek colonies along the Black Se ...

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Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - History, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - Early pre-history, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - Old Ruthenian period, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - Middle Ruthenian period, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - The era of Catholic-Orthodox rivalry and separation, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - The Ukrainian period, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - 19th century: West Ukrainian period, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - 20th century: persecution and internationalization, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - External References

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Holy Grail - The Grail. The Grail plays a different role everywhere it appears, but in most versions of the legend the hero must prove himself worthy to be in its presence. In the early tales, Percival's immaturity prevents him from fulfilling his destiny when he first encounters the Grail, and he must grow spiritually and mentally before he can locate it again. In later tellings the Grail is a symbol of God's grace, available to all but only fully realized by those who prepare themselves spiritually, like the saintly Galahad. See also:

Holy Grail, Holy Grail - Origins of the Grail, Holy Grail - The Grail, Holy Grail - Early forms of the Grail, Holy Grail - Etymology of graal, Holy Grail - The beginnings of the Grail in literature, Holy Grail - Chrétien de Troyes, Holy Grail - Robert de Boron, Holy Grail - The Grail in other early literature, Holy Grail - Ideas of the Grail, Holy Grail - The later legend, Holy Grail - Four medieval relics, Holy Grail - Modern interpretations, Holy Grail - Casual metaphor, Holy Grail - Modern retellings

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During the Heian period of Japanese history, the Hokke managed to establish a hereditary claim to the position of regent, either for an underage emperor (sesshō) or for an adult one (kampaku). Some prominent Fujiwaras occupied these positions more than once, and for more than one emperor. Lesser members of the Fujiwara were court nobles, provincial governors and vice governors, members of the provincial aristocracy, and samurai. The Fujiwara was one of the four great families that dominated Japanese politics during the Heian P ...

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Fujiwara family, Fujiwara family - Nara period, Fujiwara family - Heian period, Fujiwara family - Fujiwara regime in the Heian period, Fujiwara family - Descent, Fujiwara family - Fission, Fujiwara family - Regents

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Guntur District is home to the oldest evidence of humans in India, in the form of Palaeolithic (old stone age) implements. The earliest reference to Guntur, a variant of Guntur, comes from the Idern plates of Ammaraja I (922-929), the Vengichalakyan King. Guntur also appears in another two inscriptions dated 1147 and 1158. Since the beginning of Buddhist epoch, Guntur stood foremost in matters of education. Buddhists established universities in ancient times at Dhanyakataka (Amaravathi) . Acharya Nagarjuna, an influential Buddhist philosopher, is thought to have been from the district, and is said to have d ...

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Guntur District, Guntur District - Guntur District, Guntur District - History, Guntur District - Temples, Guntur District - Guntur Trivia, Guntur District - Websites About Guntur

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Caen is built in an area of high humidity. The Orne flows through Caen, as well as different small rivers known as les Odons, most of them having been buried under the city to improve urban hygiene. Caen sits 10 km away from the Channel. A canal was built under Napoleon III and runs parallel to the river Orne to link Caen to the sea at all times, notwithstanding tides. ...

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Caen, Caen - History, Caen - Geography, Caen - Monuments, Caen - Castle, Caen - Abbeys, Caen - Others, Caen - Administration, Caen - Transport, Caen - Miscellaneous, Caen - Education, Caen - Births, Caen - Twinnings

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The name Corfu is an Italian corruption of the Byzantine Κορυφώ (Koryphō), which is derived from the Greek Κορυφαί (Koryphai), meaning "Crests." In shape it is not unlike the sickle (drepanē), to which it was compared by the ancients, the hollow side, with the town and harbour of Corfu in the centre, being turned towards the Albanian coast. Its extreme length is about 40 miles (60 km). and its greatest breadth about 20 miles (30 km). The area is estimated at 227 sq. miles (580 km²). Two high and well-defined ranges divide th ...

See also:

Corfu, Corfu - Geography, Corfu - Climate, Corfu - Population, Corfu - Transportation, Corfu - Municipalities and communities, Corfu - History, Corfu - Archaeology and architecture, Corfu - Music and festivities, Corfu - Persons

Read more here: » Corfu: Encyclopedia II - Corfu - Geography

Ceuta's strategic location has made it the crucial waypoint of many cultures' trade and military ventures — beginning with the Carthaginians in the 5th century BC (They called the city Abyla). It wasn't until the Romans took control in about AD 42, however, that the port city (named Septem at the time) assumed an almost exclusive military purpose. Approximately 400 years later, the Vandals ousted the Romans for control, and later it fell to the Visigoths of Spain or to the Byzantines. In 710, as Muslim invade ...

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Ceuta, Ceuta - History, Ceuta - Administration

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In 1147 Frederick became duke of Swabia and shortly afterwards made his first trip to the East, accompanying his uncle, the German king Conrad III, on the Second Crusade. The expedition proved to be a disaster, but Frederick distinguished himself and won the complete confidence of the king. When Conrad died in February 1152, only Frederick and the prince-bishop of Bamberg were at his deathbed. Both asserted afterwards that Conrad had, in full possession of his mental powers, handed the royal insignia to Frederick and indicated that he, rathe ...

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Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor - Life and reign, Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor - Frederick's descendents by his wife Beatrice, Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor - Sources, Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor - Fiction about Frederick I

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See also: History of Bratislava (includes the development of the ethnic structure and important personalities) Neolithic Age: the first permanent settlement of the region now known as Bratislava begins with the Linear Ceramics Culture 400 B.C.-50 B.C.: Celts were settled here. From 125 B.C. on they had an important oppidum (fortified town) with a mint here. 1st century – 5th century: the border of the Roman Empire (Limes Romanus) runs right through the middle of today's town; many Roman ( ...

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Bratislava, Bratislava - Basic data, Bratislava - History, Bratislava - Names of the city, Bratislava - Sights, Bratislava - Economy, Bratislava - Territorial division, Bratislava - Population, Bratislava - Partner Cities, Bratislava - Images

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Berwick's strategic position on the English-Scottish border during centuries of war between the two nations and its relatively great wealth led to a succession of raids, sieges and take-overs. Between 1147 and 1482 the town changed hands between England and Scotland more than 13 times, and was the location of a number of momentous events in the English-Scottish border wars. In the 13th century Berwick was one of the most wealthy trading ports in Scotland, providing an annual customs value of £2,190, equivalent to a quarter of all customs re ...

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Berwick-upon-Tweed, Berwick-upon-Tweed - History, Berwick-upon-Tweed - At war with Russia?, Berwick-upon-Tweed - Places of interest, Berwick-upon-Tweed - People

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Before long the abbot, who had intended to devote his life to the work of his monastery, was drawn into the affairs of the outside world. When in 1124 Pope Honorius II was elected, Bernard was already reckoned among the greatest of French churchmen; he now shared in the most important ecclesiastical discussions, and papal legates sought his counsel. Thus in 1128 he was invited by Cardinal Matthew of Albano to the synod of Troyes, where he was instrumental in obtaining the recognition of the new order of Knights Templar, the rules of w ...

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Bernard of Clairvaux, Bernard of Clairvaux - Early life, Bernard of Clairvaux - Abbot of the Cistercian abbey of Clairvaux, Bernard of Clairvaux - Wider influence, Bernard of Clairvaux - The schism of 1130–1138, Bernard of Clairvaux - The contest with Abélard, Bernard of Clairvaux - Bernard and the Cistercian Order, Bernard of Clairvaux - Bernard and heresy, Bernard of Clairvaux - The Second Crusade, Bernard of Clairvaux - Bernard and the veneration of the Virgin Mary, Bernard of Clairvaux - Bernard's character, Bernard of Clairvaux - Works

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History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholic ...

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The Crusades, The Crusades - Historical background, The Crusades - Historical context, The Crusades - The major crusades, The Crusades - First Crusade, The Crusades - Second Crusade, The Crusades - Third Crusade, The Crusades - Fourth Crusade, The Crusades - Albigensian Crusade, The Crusades - Children's Crusade, The Crusades - Fifth Crusade, The Crusades - Sixth Crusade, The Crusades - Crusade versus the Stedingers, The Crusades - Seventh Crusade, The Crusades - Eighth Crusade, The Crusades - Ninth Crusade, The Crusades - Crusades in Baltic and Central Europe, The Crusades - Crusade legacy, The Crusades - Europe, The Crusades - Islamic world, The Crusades - Jewish community, The Crusades - The Caucasus, The Crusades - Usage of the term crusade, The Crusades - Popular reputation, The Crusades - Eastern Orthodoxy, The Crusades - References and further reading

Read more here: » The Crusades: Encyclopedia II - The Crusades - Historical context

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church CatholicismSee also:

Crusade, Crusade - Historical background, Crusade - Historical context, Crusade - The major crusades, Crusade - First Crusade, Crusade - Second Crusade, Crusade - Third Crusade, Crusade - Fourth Crusade, Crusade - Albigensian Crusade, Crusade - Children's Crusade, Crusade - Fifth Crusade, Crusade - Sixth Crusade, Crusade - Seventh Crusade, Crusade - Eighth Crusade, Crusade - Ninth Crusade, Crusade - Crusades in Baltic and Central Europe, Crusade - Crusade legacy, Crusade - Europe, Crusade - Islamic world, Crusade - Jewish community, Crusade - The Caucasus, Crusade - Usage of the term crusade, Crusade - Popular reputation, Crusade - Eastern Orthodoxy, Crusade - References and further reading

Read more here: » Crusade: Encyclopedia II - Crusade - Historical context

Corinth - Prehistoric era. The city was founded in the Neolithic Age, circa 6000 BC. According to myth, the city was founded by Corinthos, a descendant of the god Helios (the Sun), while other myths suggest that it was founded by the goddess Ephyra, a daughter of the titan Oceanus, thus the ancient name of the city (also Ephyra). There is evidence that the city was destroyed around 2000 BC. Before the end of the Mycenaean period the Dorians attempted to settle in Corinth. While at first they failed, their second attempt was successful when their leader Aletes followed a different path aroun ...

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Corinth, Corinth - History, Corinth - Prehistoric era, Corinth - Classical era, Corinth - Roman era, Corinth - Byzantine era, Corinth - Principality of Achaea, Corinth - Ottoman Rule, Corinth - Corinth today

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