1126

It was in the 11th century, and at several places in the extensive territory whose limits have been described in the foregoing account of the Provençal language, that Provençal literature first made its appearance. It took poetic form; and its oldest monuments show a relative perfection and a variety from which it may be concluded that poetry had already received a considerable development. The oldest poetic text, of which the date and origin are not surely determined, is said to be a Provençal burden (Fr. refrain) attached to a La ...

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Provençal literature, Provençal literature - Introduction, Provençal literature - Origin, Provençal literature - Poetry of the Troubadours, Provençal literature - France, Provençal literature - Spain, Provençal literature - Italy, Provençal literature - Form, Provençal literature - Narrative Poetry, Provençal literature - Didactic and Religious Poetry, Provençal literature - Drama, Provençal literature - Felibrige

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For lists of the prehistoric kings of Sweden see Mythological kings of Sweden Semi-legendary kings of Sweden List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Munsö or Uppsala. c. 970- c. 995 : Eric the Victorius (Erik Segersäll) c. 995- c. 1022 : Olof the Treasurer (Olof Skötkonung) c. 1022-1050 : Anund Jacob (Anund Jakob) - and in South Canut ...

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List of Swedish monarchs, List of Swedish monarchs - Monarchs Regents and Viceroys of Sweden, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Munsö or Uppsala, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Stenkil, List of Swedish monarchs - The Houses of Sverker and Erik, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Bjällbo, List of Swedish monarchs - Regents of the Kalmar Union and Viceroys Riksföreståndare, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Vasa, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Hesse, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Holstein-Gottorp, List of Swedish monarchs - The House of Bernadotte

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According to John of Ibelin, it was one of the four major Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. John, writing in the 13th century, called it a lordship, but it may have been treated as a principality in the 12th century. It was established after the expedition of Baldwin I, but due to the relative size and inaccessibility of the area, the lords of Oultrejordain tended to claim some independence from the kingdom. With its mostly undefined borders, it was one of the largest seigneuries. Baldwin I may have given it away to Roman of Le Puy in 111 ...

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Oultrejordain, Oultrejordain - Geography and demography, Oultrejordain - Crusader Lordship of Oultrejordain, Oultrejordain - Lords of Oultrejordain, Oultrejordain - Sub-vassals, Oultrejordain - Sources

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List of Castilian monarchs - Elective Counts. These counts were not hereditary, they were the representatives of the Asturian king in the eastern march of his realm. Rodrigo (850-873) Diego Rodríguez Porcelos (873-885) Several counties until 932 Nuño Núñez I de Castrogeriz (889-909) Nuño Núñez II de Amaya (909-915) Ferdinand Díaz (909-923) Gonzalo Fernández de Lara (912-920), father of Fernán González (see below) Nuño ...

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List of Castilian monarchs, List of Castilian monarchs - Counts of Castile, List of Castilian monarchs - Elective Counts, List of Castilian monarchs - House of Lara, List of Castilian monarchs - Kings of Castile, List of Castilian monarchs - Jiménez Dynasty, List of Castilian monarchs - House of Burgundy, List of Castilian monarchs - House of Trastámara

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While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemund of Taranto led the siege, beginning in October, 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city was almost impenetrable. The siege lasted throughout the winter, with much suffering among the Crusaders, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the b ...

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Principality of Antioch, Principality of Antioch - Foundation, Principality of Antioch - Early history, Principality of Antioch - Antioch in the Byzantine Empire, Principality of Antioch - Fall of the Principality, Principality of Antioch - Geography and demographics, Principality of Antioch - Princes of Antioch 1098–1268, Principality of Antioch - Titular Princes of Antioch 1268–1457, Principality of Antioch - Family tree of the Princes of Antioch, Principality of Antioch - Vassals of Antioch, Principality of Antioch - Lords of Saone, Principality of Antioch - Great Officers of Antioch

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Dynasty - Asia. House of Theemuge (1117-1388) Hilaalee dynasty (1388-1558) (1558-1573) Interregnum Utheemu dynasty (1573-1692) (1692-1701) Kings who donot belong to a particular dynasty. Isdhoo dynasty (1701-1704) Dhiyamigili dynasty (1704-1757) Huraa dynasty (1757-1766) Dhiyamigili dynasty (1766-1773) Huraa dynasty (1773-1953) (1953-1953) Republic (President Muhammad Amin Didi). Huraa dynasty (1953-1968) (1968-1978) Republic (President Ibrahim Nasir). (1978-Now) Re ...

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Dynasty, Dynasty - Dynasties by region, Dynasty - Asia, Dynasty - Europe, Dynasty - Political families in democracies

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He became Crown Prince on the eleventh month, twenty-sixth day (or November 26?), and became emperor on the same day upon the abdication of his father. His father's kampaku, Fujiwara Morozane became sesshō (regent), but Shirakawa held actual power as cloistered Emperor. Horikawa filled his reign with scholarship, tanka, and music. When his empress consort (kōgō) died, his son, Imperial Prince Munehito, who had become Crown Prince (and later became Emperor Toba) was taken to be raised by Horikawa's father, the retired Emperor Shirakawa. He passed away at the age of 28, ...

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Emperor Horikawa, Emperor Horikawa - Genealogy, Emperor Horikawa - Consorts and Empresses, Emperor Horikawa - Life, Emperor Horikawa - Eras of his reign

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Piacenza - Ancient history. Before its settlement by the Romans, the area was populated by Celtic and Ligurian tribes. Piacenza was founded in 218 BC (according to the tradition, on May 31), the first of the Roman military colonies, and was formerly called Placentia in both Latin and English. In Placentia and the nearby colony, Cremona, 6,000 Latin colonists were sent, in particular members of the Equestrian class of Rome. In the same year as the city's founding, Hannibal won the Battle of Trebbia i ...

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Piacenza, Piacenza - History, Piacenza - Ancient history, Piacenza - Middle Ages, Piacenza - Modern era, Piacenza - Union with Italy, Piacenza - Culture and places of interest, Piacenza - Palaces, Piacenza - Other places of interest, Piacenza - Dialect, Piacenza - Food, Piacenza - Famous inhabitants

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The English Treasury seems to have come into existence around 1126, during the reign of Henry I, as the financial responsibilities were separated from the rest of the job that evolved into Lord Great Chamberlain. The Treasury was originally a section of the Royal Household with custody of the King's money. In 1216, a Treasurer was appointed to take control of the Treasury in Winchester. The Treasurer was also an officer of the Exchequer, and supervised the royal accounts. By Tudor times, the Lord High Treasurer had achieved a place among the Great Officers of State, behind only two others ...

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Lord High Treasurer, Lord High Treasurer - Origins, Lord High Treasurer - The Modern Commissioners

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List of monarchs of England - Angevins. Henry II (1154-1189) Henry, the Young King (1170-1183)4 Richard I, the Lionheart (1189-1199) John (1199-1216) Henry III (1216-1272) Edward I (1272-1307) Edward II (1307-1327) (deposed, died 1327) Edward III (1327-1377) Richard II (1377-1399) (deposed, died 1400) List of monarchs of England - Lancastrians. Henry IV (1399-1413) Henry V (1 ...

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List of monarchs of England, List of monarchs of England - West Saxons, List of monarchs of England - Danes, List of monarchs of England - West Saxons restored, List of monarchs of England - Normans, List of monarchs of England - Plantagenets, List of monarchs of England - Angevins, List of monarchs of England - Lancastrians, List of monarchs of England - Yorkists, List of monarchs of England - Tudors, List of monarchs of England - Stuarts, List of monarchs of England - Interregnum, List of monarchs of England - Stuarts restored, List of monarchs of England - Hanoverians, List of monarchs of England - Windsors, List of monarchs of England - Footnotes, List of monarchs of England - External link

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List of Leonese monarchs - Pérez Dynasty. Ordoño I (850–866) Alfonso III the Great (866–910) García I (910–914) Ordoño II (914–924), also the king of Galicia from 910 Fruela II (924–925), also the king of Galicia from 924 and of Asturias from 910 Alfonso IV the Monk (925–931), died 933 Ramiro II (931–951) Ordoño III (951–956) Sancho I the Fat (956–958) Ordoño IV the Wicked (958–960) Sancho I t ...

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List of Leonese monarchs, List of Leonese monarchs - Kings of León, List of Leonese monarchs - Pérez Dynasty, List of Leonese monarchs - Jiménez Dynasty, List of Leonese monarchs - House of Burgundy, List of Leonese monarchs - House of Trastámara

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William was the son of William VIII of Aquitaine by his third wife Hildegarde of Burgundy. His birth was an event of great celebration, but at first he was considered illegitimate by religious authorities because of his father's earlier divorces and his parents consanguinity. This obliged his father to make a pilgrimage to Rome soon after his birth, where he sought and received papal approval of his marriage and children. In 1094 he married Philippa of Toulouse, the daughter and heiress of William IV of Toulouse. By Philippa, William ...

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William IX of Aquitaine, William IX of Aquitaine - Life and Family, William IX of Aquitaine - Military life, William IX of Aquitaine - Poetry, William IX of Aquitaine - Sources

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The efforts of the dukes to increase their power and to give unity to the duchy had met with a fair measure of success; but they were soon vitiated by partitions among different members of the family, which for 250 years made the history of Bavaria little more than a jejune chronicle of territorial divisions bringing war and weakness in their train. The first of these divisions occurred in 1255. Louis II and Henry I, the sons of Duke Otto II, who for two years after their father's death had ruled Bavaria jointly, split their inheritance: Louis II obtained the western part of the duchy, afterwards called Upper Bav ...

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History of Bavaria, History of Bavaria - Early settlements and Roman Raetia, History of Bavaria - Migrations and early Medieval Period, History of Bavaria - Bavaria and the Agilolfings under Frankish Overlordship, History of Bavaria - Christianity, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Carolingian Period, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Ottonian and Salian Periods, History of Bavaria - The Welfs, History of Bavaria - Geographic Fluctuations, History of Bavaria - The Wittelsbach Dynasty, History of Bavaria - Partitions, History of Bavaria - The Reunited Duchy, History of Bavaria - The Electorate, History of Bavaria - Revolutionary and Napoleonic, History of Bavaria - The Kingdom, History of Bavaria - German Empire, History of Bavaria - Modern Times, History of Bavaria - Bibliography, History of Bavaria - Notes

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Gojoseon, Jin Proto-Three Kingdoms:  Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye  Samhan, Gaya Three Kingdoms:  Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla Unified Silla, Balhae Later Three Kingdoms Goryeo Joseon Japanese Rule Divided Korea:  N. Korea, S. Korea List of RulersSee also:

Goryeo, Goryeo - History

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Pulakesi II, who ascended the throne in 608, is certainly the most famous and most recognized ruler of the Chalukya dynasty. Pulakesi II started out consolidating his kingdom by conducting minor campaigns against the Alupas, Gangas and others. He clashed successfully with the Pallava empire in Tamil Nadu, and also conquered the Cheras and the Pandyas. In 609, he appointed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana as the Viceroy of Vengi, who subsequently declared his independence and establi ...

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Chalukya, Chalukya - Early History, Chalukya - Pulakesi II, Chalukya - The Kalyani Chalukyas, Chalukya - Legacy, Chalukya - List of Chalukya rulers, Chalukya - Chalukyas of Badami, Chalukya - Chalukyas of Kalyani

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Averroes came from a family of Maliki legal scholars; his grandfather Abu Al-Walid Muhammad (d. 1126) was chief judge of Cordoba under the Almoravids. His father, Abu Al-Qasim Ahmad, held the same position until the coming of the Almohad dynasty in 1146. It was Ibn Tufail ("Abubacer" to the West), the philosophic vizier of Yusef al-Mansur, who introduced Averroes to the court and to Avenzoar (Ibn Zuhr), the great Muslim physician; both men became friends. In 1160 Averroes was made cadi of Seville and he served in many court appointments in Seville and Cord ...

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Averroes, Averroes - Biography, Averroes - System of philosophy, Averroes - Significance, Averroes - Jurisprudence and Law, Averroes - Cultural influences

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Because the water table at its recharge zone is at a higher elevation than the head of the well. Pascal's law predicts the theoretical hydrostatic pressure P: where ρ (rho) is the density of the fluid, g the acceleration due to gravity, and z is the elevation. In practical terms the pressure is expressed as metres water colum ...

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Artesian aquifer, Artesian aquifer - Why is a well artesian?, Artesian aquifer - Origin, Artesian aquifer - Notes

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Upon the death of William's cousin King Edward the Confessor of England (January 1066), William claimed the throne of England, asserting that the childless and purportedly celibate Edward had named him his heir during a visit by William (probably in 1052) and that Harold Godwinson, England's foremost magnate and brother-in-law of the late King Edward the Confessor, had reportedly pledged his support while shipwrecked in Normandy (c. 1064). Harold made this pledge while in captivity and was reportedly tricked into swearing on a saint's bones ...

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William I of England, William I of England - Early life history, William I of England - Conquest of England, William I of England - William's reign, William I of England - Death burial and succession, William I of England - Children of William and Matilda, William I of England - Honours

Read more here: » William I of England: Encyclopedia II - William I of England - Conquest of England

Pulakesi II, who ascended the throne in 608, is certainly the most famous and most recognized ruler of the Chalukya dynasty. Pulakesi II started out consolidating his kingdom by conducting minor campaigns against the Alupas, Gangas and others. He clashed successfully with the Pallava empire in Tamil Nadu, and also conquered the Cheras and the Pandyas. In 609, he appointed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana as the Viceroy of Vengi, who subsequently declared his independence and establi ...

See also:

Chalukya, Chalukya - Early History, Chalukya - Pulakesi II, Chalukya - The Kalyani Chalukyas, Chalukya - Art and Literature, Chalukya - Legacy, Chalukya - List of Chalukya rulers, Chalukya - Chalukyas of Badami, Chalukya - Chalukyas of Kalyani

Read more here: » Chalukya: Encyclopedia II - Chalukya - Pulakesi II

List of Hispanics - Architects. Luis Barragán (1902–1988), 1980 Pritzker Prize Laureate. Ricardo Bofill (b. 1939), one of the main representatives of postmodern architecture. Santiago Calatrava (b. 1951), 2005 AIA Gold Medal Laureate. Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926), known for his unfinished masterwork La Sagrada Familia. Ricardo Legorreta (b. 1931) Enric Miralles (1955–2000), built the Scottish Parliament ( ...

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List of Hispanics, List of Hispanics - Actors, List of Hispanics - Artists, List of Hispanics - Architects, List of Hispanics - Explorers, List of Hispanics - Film directors, List of Hispanics - Leaders and politicians, List of Hispanics - Literature, List of Hispanics - A–D, List of Hispanics - E–H, List of Hispanics - I–L, List of Hispanics - M–P, List of Hispanics - Q–T, List of Hispanics - U–Z, List of Hispanics - Military, List of Hispanics - Musicians, List of Hispanics - Classical, List of Hispanics - Singers, List of Hispanics - Philosophers and humanists, List of Hispanics - Science and technology, List of Hispanics - Social scientists, List of Hispanics - Sports, List of Hispanics - Others, List of Hispanics - Lists by nationality

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In late 11th century, Henry of Portugal, a knight from Burgundy and descendant of king Robert II, was in search of adventure in Hispania. He fought the Moors along with Alfonso VI of Leon. In honour of his fights in Hispania, the King gave him the county of Portugal. This gift came with a reinstated title; because of attempts by the previous holder some years earlier to assert independence, it had been suppressed. Henry became count of Portugal ...

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Battle of São Mamede, Battle of São Mamede - Background, Battle of São Mamede - Nobles of the foundation of Portugal, Battle of São Mamede - The Battle

Read more here: » Battle of São Mamede: Encyclopedia II - Battle of São Mamede - Background