1119

1119 - Events. February 2 - Callixtus II becomes Pope August 20 - Henry I of England routes Louis VI at the Battle of Bremule. Battle of Ager Sanguinis - Crusaders defeated outside Antioch 1119 - Births. July 7 - Emperor Sutoku of Japan (died 1164) Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine (died 1176) 1119 - Deaths. January 24 - Pope Gelasius II July 17 - Baldwin VII of Flan ...

Including:

• 1119 - Events
• 1119 - Births
• 1119 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1119: Encyclopedia - 1119

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations Christi ...

Including:

• Abbey - Benedictine abbeys
• Abbey - Westminster Abbey
• Abbey - York
• Abbey - English Cluniac
• Abbey - Cistercian
• Abbey - Clairvaux Abbey
• Abbey - Citeaux Abbey
• Abbey - Kirkstall Abbey
• Abbey - Fountains Abbey
• Abbey - Austin Canons
• Abbey - Bristol Cathedral
• Abbey - Premonstratensians
• Abbey - Carthusian
• Abbey - Clermont
• Abbey - Mendicant Friars
• Abbey - Norwich, Gloucester
• Abbey - Hulne
• Abbey - Cells
• Abbey - Abbots and abbesses as rulers
• Abbey - Nunnery

Read more here: » Abbey: Encyclopedia - Abbey

Almoravides (In Arabic المرابطون al-Murabitun, sing. مرابط Murabit), is a Berber dynasty from the Sahara which, in the 11th century, founded the fourth dynasty in Morocco. Under this dynasty the Moorish empire was extended over Tlemcen (in modern Algeria) and a great part of Spain and Portugal. The name is derived from the Arabic Murabit, variously translated as religious ascetic or warrior monk. Almoravides - Beginnings. The most powerful of the invading tri ...

Including:

• Almoravides - Beginnings
• Almoravides - Influence of orthodox Islam
• Almoravides - Ascendence of Militarism
• Almoravides - Military Successes
• Almoravides - Morocco and Western Sahara
• Almoravides - Ghana
• Almoravides - Spain
• Almoravides - The Prince of the Muslims
• Almoravides - Decline

Read more here: » Almoravides: Encyclopedia - Almoravides

The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior clergyman of the established Church of England and symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The present incumbent is Rowan Williams. Today the archbishop fills four main roles: he is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury, which covers the east of the County of Kent and extreme north-east Surrey. Founded in 597, it is the oldest bishopric in the English church. he is the metropolitan of the Province of Canterbury, which covers the southern two- ...

Including:

• Archbishop of Canterbury - Origins
• Archbishop of Canterbury - Province and Diocese
• Archbishop of Canterbury - Style and privileges

Read more here: » Archbishop of Canterbury: Encyclopedia - Archbishop of Canterbury

The Royal Burgh of Burntisland is a burgh in Fife, Scotland on the Firth of Forth. It is known locally for its sandy blue flag beach, the 15th century Rossend Castle, and its traditional summer fair and Highland games day. To the north of the town a hill called "The Binn" is a landmark of the Fife coastline; a volcanic plug, it rises 193m (632ft) above sea level. Burntisland has a population of about 6000 and is a Fairtrade Town. Burntisland - History. Early evidence of human activity in this area h ...

Including:

• Burntisland - History

Read more here: » Burntisland: Encyclopedia - Burntisland

The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century, based around a city with an ancient history and an early tradition of Christianity (see Edessa). The County of Edessa was different from the other Crusader states in that it was landlocked; it was remote from the other states and was not on particularly good terms with its closest neighbor, the Principality of Antioch; and half of the county, including its capital, was located to the east of the Euphrates and hence far to the east of the others. The part west of ...

Including:

• County of Edessa - Foundation
• County of Edessa - Conflicts with Muslim neighbours
• County of Edessa - Fall of the county
• County of Edessa - Population and demographics
• County of Edessa - Vassals of Edessa
• County of Edessa - Lordship of Turbessel
• County of Edessa - Counts of Edessa 1098-1149

Read more here: » County of Edessa: Encyclopedia - County of Edessa

A papal election is the method by which the Roman Catholic Church fills the office of Bishop of Rome, whose incumbent is known as the Pope, the head of the Church. The electors form a conclave, from the Latin phrase cum clave ("with a key"), referring to the "locking away" of the electors during the process. Conclaves have been employed since the Second Council of Lyons decreed in 1274 that the electors should meet in seclusion. They are now hel ...

Including:

• Papal conclave - Historical development
• Papal conclave - Electorate
• Papal conclave - Choice of the electors
• Papal conclave - Secular influence
• Papal conclave - Conclaves
• Papal conclave - Modern practice
• Papal conclave - Death of the Pope
• Papal conclave - Beginning of the election
• Papal conclave - Voting
• Papal conclave - Acceptance and proclamation
• Papal conclave - Historical voting patterns
• Papal conclave - Notes

Read more here: » Papal conclave: Encyclopedia - Papal conclave

The Battle of Harran took place on May 7, 1104 between the Crusader states of the Principality of Antioch and the County of Edessa, and the Seljuk Turks. It was the first major battle against the newfound Crusader states in the aftermath of the First Crusade. In 1104, while the Seljuks were harassing the borders of the County of Edessa, count Baldwin II sought help from Bohemond I of Antioch and Tancred, Prince of Galilee. Bohemond and Tancred marched north from Antioch to Edessa to join with Baldwin and Joscelin of Courtenay, ...

Read more here: » Battle of Harran: Encyclopedia - Battle of Harran

Centuries: 11th century - 12th century - 13th century Decades: 1060s 1070s 1080s 1090s 1100s - 1110s - 1120s 1130s 1140s 1150s 1160s Years: 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 Events and Trends 1111 Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Paschal II 1112 The people of Laon, France, proclaim a commune and murder their bishop 1113 Pier ...

Read more here: » 1110s: Encyclopedia - 1110s

1176 - Events. May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo May 29 - Frederick Barbarossa is defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni) September 17 - Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel I Comnenus at the Battle of Myriokephalon Construction begins on the London Bridge Cathedral in Sens installs first "horologe" Ab ...

Including:

• 1176 - Events
• 1176 - Births
• 1176 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1176: Encyclopedia - 1176

The first historical PÅ™emyslid was Duke BoÅ™ivoj I, baptised in 874 by Saint Methodius. In 895, Bohemia gained independence from the Great Moravia. Between 1003 and 1004, Bohemia was controlled by Boleslaus the Brave, Duke of Poland from the Piast dynasty, grand-son of Boleslaus I the Cruel. In 1086, Duke Vratislaus II, and, in 1158, Duke Vladislaus II, were crowned King of Bohemia as a personal award from the Holy Roman Emperor. The title, however, was not hereditary. BoÅ™ivoj I (c.870–889) SpytihnÄ›v I (895â ...

See also:

Přemyslid dynasty, Přemyslid dynasty - Legendary rulers, Přemyslid dynasty - Dukes of Bohemia, Přemyslid dynasty - Kings of Bohemia, Přemyslid dynasty - Kings of Bohemia and Poland, Přemyslid dynasty - Family tree, Přemyslid dynasty - Family tree of Elizabeth of Bohemia + Jagellonians + Habsburgs

Read more here: » PÅ™emyslid dynasty: Encyclopedia II - PÅ™emyslid dynasty - Dukes of Bohemia

The stories of St. Thomas proselytizing in India, which date back to at least the 3rd century, had obvious influence on the myth's development. Distorted reports of the Assyrian Church of the East's movements in Asia had a hand as well. This sect, called Nestorianism by Europeans who mistook it as adhering to the teachings of Nestorius, gained a wide following in the Eastern nations and engaged the Western imagination as an assemblage both exotic and familiarly Christian. Additionally, a kernel of the myth may have been drawn from Saint Iren ...

See also:

Prester John, Prester John - Origin of the legend, Prester John - The Letter of Prester John, Prester John - Prester John and the Mongol Empire, Prester John - Prester John and Ethiopia, Prester John - The end of the legend

Read more here: » Prester John: Encyclopedia II - Prester John - Origin of the legend

At first a supporter of Stephen of Blois during this king's struggle with the empress Matilda. His initiation in history was on the death of Henry I in 1135, when Maud expected to succeed to the throne of England, but her cousin, Stephen of Blois usurped the throne, breaking an oath he had previously made to defend her rights. It was Bigod who claimed that Henry I (Maud's father, and Stephen's uncle) intended for Stephen to become king at the expense of the empress. Civil War followed, but neither side seem to gain the upper hand. It was not ...

See also:

Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Early years, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - During King Stephen's reign, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Rise of King Henry II, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - The Revolt of 1173, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Final days, Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - Marriage and family

Read more here: » Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk: Encyclopedia II - Hugh Bigod 1st Earl of Norfolk - During King Stephen's reign

Pisa - Ancient times. Nobody really knows when Pisa was founded. The city lies at the junction of two rivers, Arno and Auser (now disappeared) in the Tyrrhenian Sea forming a laguna area. The Pelasgi, the Greeks, the Etruscans and the Ligurians have variously been proposed as founders of the city. Archeological remains from the 5th century BC confirm the existence of a city at the sea, trading with Greeks and Gauls. The presence of an Etruscan necropolis was discovered during excavations in the Arena Garibaldi ...

See also:

Pisa, Pisa - History, Pisa - Ancient times, Pisa - High Middles Ages, Pisa - 11th century, Pisa - 12th century, Pisa - 13th century, Pisa - Decline, Pisa - Landmarks, Pisa - Notable people associated with Pisa, Pisa - Sources

Read more here: » Pisa: Encyclopedia II - Pisa - History

Main article: Novgorod Republic Novgorod is the most ancient Slavic city recorded in Russia. The chronicle first mentions it in 859, when it was already a major station on the trade route from the Baltics to Byzantium. The Varangian name of the city Holmgard (also Holmgarðr, Hólmgarður, Holmgaard, Holmegård) is mentioned in Norse Sagas as existing substantially earlier, but it is impossible to separate the historical facts from the surrounding myth. Later in history, Holmgard referred only ...

See also:

Novgorod, Novgorod - History, Novgorod - Sights, Novgorod - Sister Cities

Read more here: » Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Novgorod - History

It was in the 11th century, and at several places in the extensive territory whose limits have been described in the foregoing account of the Provençal language, that Provençal literature first made its appearance. It took poetic form; and its oldest monuments show a relative perfection and a variety from which it may be concluded that poetry had already received a considerable development. The oldest poetic text, of which the date and origin are not surely determined, is said to be a Provençal burden (Fr. refrain) attached to a La ...

See also:

Provençal literature, Provençal literature - Introduction, Provençal literature - Origin, Provençal literature - Poetry of the Troubadours, Provençal literature - France, Provençal literature - Spain, Provençal literature - Italy, Provençal literature - Form, Provençal literature - Narrative Poetry, Provençal literature - Didactic and Religious Poetry, Provençal literature - Drama, Provençal literature - Felibrige

Read more here: » Provençal literature: Encyclopedia II - Provençal literature - Origin

Knights Hospitaller - Foundation and early history. In 600, Abbot Probus was commissioned by Pope Gregory the Great to build a hospital in Jerusalem to treat and care for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 800, Charlemagne, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, enlarged Probus' hostel and added a library to it. About 200 years later, in 1005, Caliph El Hakim destroyed the hostel and three thousand other buildings. He made the Christians wear wooden crosses, half a meter long by half a meter wide, around their ne ...

See also:

Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitaller - History, Knights Hospitaller - Foundation and early history, Knights Hospitaller - Knights of Cyprus and Rhodes, Knights Hospitaller - Knights of Malta, Knights Hospitaller - Turmoil in Europe, Knights Hospitaller - The loss of Malta, Knights Hospitaller - Revival in England as the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller - Protestant Continuation in Continental Europe, Knights Hospitaller - The modern Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Knights Hospitaller - Name and motto, Knights Hospitaller - International status of the Order, Knights Hospitaller - Government of the Order, Knights Hospitaller - Mimic Orders, Knights Hospitaller - List of Grand Masters

Read more here: » Knights Hospitaller: Encyclopedia II - Knights Hospitaller - History

Pisa - Ancient times. Pisa's origins are unknown. The city lies at the junction of two rivers, Arno and Auser (now disappeared) in the Tyrrhenian Sea forming a laguna area. The Pelasgi, the Greeks, the Etruscans and the Ligurians have variously been proposed as founders of the city. Archeological remains from the 5th century BC confirm the existence of a city at the sea, trading with Greeks and Gauls. The presence of an Etruscan necropolis was discovered during excavations in the Arena Garibaldi in 1991. A ...

See also:

Pisa, Pisa - History, Pisa - Ancient times, Pisa - High Middles Ages, Pisa - 11th century, Pisa - 12th century, Pisa - 13th century, Pisa - Decline, Pisa - Landmarks, Pisa - Notable people associated with Pisa, Pisa - Sources

Read more here: » Pisa: Encyclopedia II - Pisa - History

Of the family of the counts of Saarbrücken, he served as imperial chancellor under Emperors Henry IV and Henry V. In 1110 he was sent to Rome as part of an embassy to arrange for Henry V's coronation as emperor. In exchange for supporting the Emperor in his quest to regain the rights to investiture (which Henry received from Pope Paschal II in 1111), he was given the position of archbishop of Mainz. Following this, however, Adalbert turned against the Emperor, due to personal dislikes as well as territoral ambitions. Henry ended up imprison ...

See also:

Adalbert of Mainz, Adalbert of Mainz - Life, Adalbert of Mainz - Sources

Read more here: » Adalbert of Mainz: Encyclopedia II - Adalbert of Mainz - Life

The founders of the Song dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials. Regional military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed officials. This system of civilian rule led to a greater concentration of power in the emperor and his palace bureaucracy than had been achieved in the previous dynasties. The Song dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce. The lan ...

See also:

Song Dynasty, Song Dynasty - Arts culture and economy, Song Dynasty - Fall of the Southern Song, Song Dynasty - Song dynasty emperors, Song Dynasty - Bei Northern Song dynasty 960- 1127, Song Dynasty - Nan Southern Song dynasty 1127- 1279

Read more here: » Song Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Song Dynasty - Arts culture and economy