1100

Centuries: 11th century - 12th century - 13th century Decades: 1050s 1060s 1070s 1080s 1090s - 1100s - 1110s 1120s 1130s 1140s 1150s Years: 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 Events and Trends 1107 Emperor Toba ascends the throne of Japan The great Buddhist centre of learning at Nalanda is destroyed by invaders. Category: 1100s ...

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1148 - Events. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona conquered Tortosa in posession of the moors. Alfonso I takes Abrantes from the Moors. 1148 - Births. John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem and Latin Emperor of Constantinople (approximate date; died 1237) Qiu Chuji, Chinese Taoist (died 1227) Pope Honorius III (died 1227) 1148 - Deaths. Amadeus III of Savoy (born 1095) Conan ...

Including:

• 1148 - Events
• 1148 - Births
• 1148 - Deaths

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The Karmapas are the holders of the Black Crown (Tib. 'shwa nag') and are thus sometimes known as the Black Hat Lamas. This crown, rang 'byung chopen (the self-luminous crown), is traditionally said to have been woven by the dakinis from their hair and given to Karmapa in recognition of his spiritual realization. The physical crown displayed by the Karmapas was offered to the 5th Karmapa by the Chinese Yongle Emperor as a material representation of the spiritual one. It is currently held in Rumtek in Sikkim, w ...

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Karmapa, Karmapa - The Black Crown, Karmapa - List of previous Karmapas, Karmapa - Controversy over the current Karmapa

Read more here: » Karmapa: Encyclopedia II - Karmapa - The Black Crown

The Kagyu school traces its origins to the teachings of the Indian mystics Tilopa (988-1089) and Naropa (1016-1100), whose lineage was transmitted in Tibet by the great translator Marpa (1012-1097). He took over the mahamudra (great seal)-transmission lineage from Naropa. Moreover Marpa studied with the Indian Masters Maitripa and Kukuripa. On his third journey to India he met Atiśa (982-1054) and studied the teachings of the Kadampa masters (both Kagyu and Gelug schools trace their roots to the earlier Kadampa school). Marpa spent 17 years ...

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Kagyu, Kagyu - Origins, Kagyu - Four Major Schools, Kagyu - Eight Sub-Schools, Kagyu - Teachings

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Main Article: Medieval Welsh literature Wales has one of the earliest literary taditions in Northern Europe, stretching back to the days of Aneurin and Taliesin (6th century), and the haunting Neuadd Cynddylan, which is the oldest recorded literary work by a woman in northern Europe. In Welsh literature the period before 1100 is known as the period of Y Cynfeirdd ("The earliest poets") or Yr Hengerdd ("The old poetry"). It roughly dates from the birth of the Welsh language until the arrival of the Normans in Wales ...

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Welsh poetry, Welsh poetry - History, Welsh poetry - Forms

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Timeline of Jewish history - 200 BCE to 700 CE. 200 BCE–100 CE Throughout this era the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) is gradually canonized. Jewish religious works that were written after the time of Ezra were not canonized, although many became popular among many groups of Jys. Those works that made it into the Greek translation of the Bible (the Septuagint) became known as the deuterocanonical books. 30–100 CE Christianity emerges as a movement, and then splits from Judaism. 66–70 CE The Great Jewish Revolt en ...

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Timeline of Jewish history, Timeline of Jewish history - Biblical history, Timeline of Jewish history - Post Biblical-history, Timeline of Jewish history - 200 BCE to 700 CE, Timeline of Jewish history - 701 to 1500, Timeline of Jewish history - 1501 to 1800, Timeline of Jewish history - 1801 to 1900, Timeline of Jewish history - 1901 to 1945, Timeline of Jewish history - 1946 to Today

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William Rufus inherited the Anglo-Norman settlement whose details are reflected in Domesday Book (1086), a survey that could not have been undertaken anywhere in Europe at that time and a signal of the control of the monarchy, but he did not inherit William's charisma and political skills. Within a few years he lost William's advisor and confidant, the Italian-Norman archbishop of Canterbury, Lanfranc, in 1089. Much of William's reign was spent feuding with the church; after the death of Lanfranc, he delayed appointing a new archbisho ...

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William II of England, William II of England - Early years, William II of England - Appearance, William II of England - England and France, William II of England - Power struggles, William II of England - The Court of William II, William II of England - The unusual death of William II, William II of England - The Rufus Stone, William II of England - Fictional treatments

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Upon the death of William's cousin King Edward the Confessor of England (January 1066), William claimed the throne of England, asserting that the childless and purportedly celibate Edward had named him his heir during a visit by William (probably in 1052) and that Harold Godwinson, England's foremost magnate, had reportedly pledged his support while shipwrecked in Normandy (c. 1064). Harold made this pledge while in captivity and was reportedly tricked into swearing on a saint's bones that he would give the throne to William. Even if this st ...

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William I of England, William I of England - Early life history, William I of England - Conquest of England, William I of England - William's reign, William I of England - Death burial and succession, William I of England - Children of William and Matilda, William I of England - Honours

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The scholastics would choose a book by a renowned scholar, called auctor, as a subject of investigation, for example the Bible. By reading the book thoroughly and critically, the disciples learned to appreciate the theories of the auctor. Then other documents related to the source document would be referenced, such as Church councils, papal letters, anything written on the subject, be it ancient text or contemporary. The points of disagreement and contention between these multiple sources would be written down. For example, the Bible ...

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Scholasticism, Scholasticism - Scholastic method, Scholasticism - Scholastic genres, Scholasticism - Scholastic school, Scholasticism - History, Scholasticism - Famous Scholastics, Scholasticism - Key Anti-Scholastics, Scholasticism - Contemporary Scholasticism

Read more here: » Scholasticism: Encyclopedia II - Scholasticism - Scholastic method

King Arthur - Literature. John Steinbeck's The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights is a traditional take in modern language. T.H. White's The Once and Future King cycle Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court Sidney Lanier's The Boy's King Arthur is a work based on Thomas Malory's, written in such a way to appeal to the boys of the 19th century. Marion Zimmer Brad ...

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King Arthur, King Arthur - The Arthur of history, King Arthur - Earliest traditions of Arthur, King Arthur - The Arthurian romance, King Arthur - Arthur's swords, King Arthur - Arthur in various media, King Arthur - Literature, King Arthur - Plays, King Arthur - Opera, King Arthur - Film, King Arthur - Television, King Arthur - Other media, King Arthur - Bibliography

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The first mention of Rothbury, according to a local history1, was in around 1100 AD, as Routhebiria, or "Routha's town" ("Hrotha", according to Beckensall2). An Anglican cross in the town's church is the only surviving pre-conquest remains. The town was retained as a crown possession after the conquest, being made over to the lords of Warkworth in 1204. Rothbury was a relatively important town in Coquetdale, being a crossroads situated on a ford of the river Coquet, with turnpike roads leading to Newcastle Upon T ...

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Rothbury, Rothbury - Development as a Market Town, Rothbury - Parish Church, Rothbury - Railway

Read more here: » Rothbury: Encyclopedia II - Rothbury - Development as a Market Town

Public school in the British Isles is a label applied to leading fee-paying independent schools in England and Wales. In Scotland and Ireland it is not commonly used in this sense for schools in those countries (and indeed in Scotland and Northern Ireland the phrase has long been an alternative name for council schools in the state sector). A public school (in the independent sense) usually teaches children from the ages of 11 (for girls) or 13 (for boys) to 18, and was traditionally a single-sex boarding school, although many now acc ...

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Independent school UK, Independent school UK - Independent schools in the UK, Independent school UK - Preparatory school, Independent school UK - Public school, Independent school UK - History and terminology, Independent school UK - Origins of public schools, Independent school UK - The ruling class, Independent school UK - Differing definitions, Independent school UK - English public school language, Independent school UK - Lists of independent schools in the UK, Independent school UK - Criticisms, Independent school UK - Notes

Read more here: » Independent school UK: Encyclopedia II - Independent school UK - Public school

Yuánguāng(元光) Yuánshuò (元朔) Yuánshòu (元狩) Yuándǐng (元鼎) Yuánfēng (元封) Tàichū (太初) Tiānhàn (天漢) Tàishǐ (太始) Zhēnghé (征和) 134 BC – 129 BC 128 BC – 123 BC 122 BC – 117 BC 116 BC – 111 BC 110 BC – 105 BC 104 BC – 101 BC 100 BC – 97 BC 96 BC – 93 BC 92 BC – 89 BC Yuánfèng (元鳳) 80 BC – 75 BC Dìjié (地節) Yuánkāng (元康) Shénjué (神 ...

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Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty

In the 9th century, Old Norse began to diverge into Old West Norse (Norway and Iceland) and Old East Norse (Sweden and Denmark). In the 12th century, the dialects of Denmark and Sweden began to diverge, becoming Old Danish and Old Swedish in the 13th century. All were heavily influenced by Middle Low German during the medieval period. Though stages of language development are never as sharply delimited as implied here, and should not be taken too literally, the system of subdivisions used in this article is the most commonly used by Swedish linguists and is used for the sake of practicality. See also:

Swedish language, Swedish language - Classification and related languages, Swedish language - History, Swedish language - Old Norse, Swedish language - Old Swedish, Swedish language - New Swedish, Swedish language - Modern Swedish, Swedish language - Former language minorities, Swedish language - Geographic distribution, Swedish language - Official status, Swedish language - Regulatory bodies, Swedish language - Dialects, Swedish language - Standard Swedish, Swedish language - Finland-Swedish, Swedish language - New dialects, Swedish language - Sounds, Swedish language - Vowels, Swedish language - Consonants, Swedish language - Prosody, Swedish language - Grammar, Swedish language - Vocabulary, Swedish language - Writing system, Swedish language - Notes

Read more here: » Swedish language: Encyclopedia II - Swedish language - History

Su Shi was born in Meishan, near mount Emei in what is now Sichuan province. His brother Su Zhe (蘇轍) and his father Su Xun (蘇洵) were both famous literati. In 1057, he and his brother passed the civil service examinations to attain the degree of jinshi, a prerequisite to holding high government office at that time. Throughout the next twenty years, he held a variety of government positions throughout China; most notably in Hangzhou, where he was responsible for constructing a pedestrian causeway across the West Lake that still bears h ...

See also:

Su Shi, Su Shi - Life, Su Shi - Work

Read more here: » Su Shi: Encyclopedia II - Su Shi - Life

Spinach is an important leaf vegetable, now grown throughout the temperate regions of the world. It is most productive in cool seasons and climates, since heat will cause the spinach to go to seed too early. When cooked its volume is decreased by three fourths. Spinach - History. Spinach was first cultivated in southwestern Asia, perhaps in Persia; the word itself derives from Persian اسفناج Esfenaj. The Chinese referred to it in 647 as 'the herb of Persia'. It arrived in North Africa through ...

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Spinach, Spinach - Cultivation and uses, Spinach - History, Spinach - Growing spinach, Spinach - Nutrition, Spinach - Types of Spinach, Spinach - Purchasing, Spinach - Storage, Spinach - Trivia, Spinach - Other species called spinach, Spinach - Medical Benefits

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Slovaks - Early Slovaks. The people of Slovakia are descended from the Slavic settlers of the Danube river basin around 500 A.D. The first known Slavic state on the territory of present-day Slovakia was the Empire of Samo. The first known state of the Proto-Slovaks was the Nitrian Principality (Principality of Nitra) founded sometime in the 8th century. ...

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Slovaks, Slovaks - History, Slovaks - Early Slovaks, Slovaks - Great Moravia, Slovaks - Kingdom of Hungary, Slovaks - Czechoslovakia, Slovaks - Contemporary Slovaks, Slovaks - Name and ethnogenesis, Slovaks - Quotes from important chronicles, Slovaks - Culture, Slovaks - Statistics

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Separation of church and state medieval - Investiture constroversy. Main article: Investiture controversy When the Holy Roman Empire developed as a force in the 12th century it was the first real non-barbarian challenge to the authority of the Church, and a dispute between the secular and ecclesiastical powers emerged known as the Investiture Controversy. While on the surface it was over a matter of official procedures regarding the appointments of offices, underneath was a powerful struggle for con ...

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Separation of church and state medieval, Separation of church and state medieval - Origins, Separation of church and state medieval - Historical events, Separation of church and state medieval - Investiture constroversy, Separation of church and state medieval - Magna Carta, Separation of church and state medieval - Philip the Fair, Separation of church and state medieval - Thomas Becket, Separation of church and state medieval - Guelphs and Ghibellines, Separation of church and state medieval - First Crusade

Read more here: » Separation of church and state medieval: Encyclopedia II - Separation of church and state medieval - Historical events

Even before the restoration work Uxmal was in better condition than many other Maya sites thanks to being unusually well built. Much was built with well cut stones not relying on plaster to hold the building together. The Maya architecture here is considered matched only by that of Palenque in elegance and beauty. The Puuc style of Maya architecture predominates. Thanks to its good state of preservation, it is one of the few Maya cities where the casual visitor can get a good idea of how the ...

See also:

Uxmal, Uxmal - Ancient history, Uxmal - Description of the site, Uxmal - Modern history of the ruins

Read more here: » Uxmal: Encyclopedia II - Uxmal - Description of the site

English folk singer Billy Bragg released a song entitled St. Swithin's Day on his 1984 E.P. Brewing up with Billy Bragg. British television series Doctor in the House is set at the fictional teaching hospital St Swithin's. St. Swithin's Day is a comic book written by Grant Morrison and drawn by Paul Grist. In a popular television show, The Simpsons, Bart mentions Saint Swithun's ...

See also:

Saint Swithun, Saint Swithun - Contemporary references

Read more here: » Saint Swithun: Encyclopedia II - Saint Swithun - Contemporary references

There is much confusion among the masses as to the origins of the tallit. In actuality, the actual four-cornered garment began with no relevence whatsoever to Jewish practice. Beginning when Moses received the Torah on Mount Sinai, the Jewish People were commanded to place tzitzis on the corners of their four-cornered garments. (Numbers 15:37-41 and Commandment 376 out of 613 in the Sefer HaChinuch ISBN: 0-87306-605-7). The purpose of such a commandment, as given by the verses in Numbers, is so that the Jews should glance at the strin ...

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Tallit, Tallit - Terminology, Tallit - Historical origin, Tallit - Kinds of tallit, Tallit - Tallit gadol, Tallit - Tallit katan, Tallit - Description of tallit gadol, Tallit - Blessings, Tallit - When putting on a Talit Katan, Tallit - For putting on a Tallit Gadol, Tallit - Use, Tallit - Obligation for men, Tallit - Views on use by women, Tallit - Order of putting on tallit and tefillin, Tallit - Weddings, Tallit - Burial

Read more here: » Tallit: Encyclopedia II - Tallit - Historical origin

During the Viking age, the swords grew slightly in length to 37 in (930 mm) and took on a slightly more acute distal taper and point. These blades had deep fullers running their length, yet still had single handed hilts which often sported a 'brazil nut' shaped pommel. While the pattern of hilt and blade design of this time might readily be called 'The Viking sword' to do so would be to neglect the wide spread popularity it enjoyed. All over continental Europe between 700-1000 AD this design and ...

See also:

Spatha, Spatha - Roman Empire, Spatha - Migration period, Spatha - Viking Age, Spatha - Norman swords

Read more here: » Spatha: Encyclopedia II - Spatha - Viking Age