10th of August (French Revolution)

During the French Revolution (1789-1799) democracy and republicanism replaced the absolute monarchy in France, and the French sector of the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. While France would oscillate among republic, empire, and monarchy for 75 years after the First Republic fell to a coup d'état by Napoleon Bonaparte, the revolution nonetheless spelled a definitive end to the ancien régime, and eclipses both subsequent revolutions in the popular imagination. It is widel ...

Including:

• French Revolution - Causes
• French Revolution - History
• French Revolution - The Estates-General of 1789
• French Revolution - The National Assembly
• French Revolution - The National Constituent Assembly
• French Revolution - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the Monarchy
• French Revolution - The Convention
• French Revolution - The Directory
• French Revolution - Other revolutions in French history

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French Revolution - The Estates-General of 1789. For a more detailed description of the events of August 8, 1788- June 17, 1789, see Estates-General of 1789 The calling of the Estates-General led to growing concern on the part of the opposition that the government would attempt to gerrymander an assembly to its liking. In order to avoid this, the Parlement of Paris, having returned in triumph to the city, proclaimed that the Estates-General would have to meet according to the forms observed a ...

See also:

French Revolution, French Revolution - Causes, French Revolution - History, French Revolution - The Estates-General of 1789, French Revolution - The National Assembly, French Revolution - The National Constituent Assembly, French Revolution - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the Monarchy, French Revolution - The Convention, French Revolution - The Directory, French Revolution - Other revolutions in French history

Read more here: » French Revolution: Encyclopedia II - French Revolution - History

The armed bodies of émigrés on the territory of the Holy Roman Empire afforded matter of complaint to France. The persistence of the French in offering only money as compensation to the German princes who had claims in Alsace afforded matter of complaint to the Empire. Foreign statesmen noticed with alarm the effect of the French Revolution upon opinion in their own countries, and they resented the endeavours of French revolutionaries to make converts there. Of these statesmen, the emperor Leopold II was the most intelligent. ...

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The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The composition of the Legislative Assembly, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king's ministers, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The politics of the Left, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king exercises his veto, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - A new administration in Paris, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - War approaches, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The Girondin ministry, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The initial disasters of war, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The 10th of August, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - Insurrection and constitutional crisis

Read more here: » The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy: Encyclopedia II - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - War approaches

The provincial branches were from the first far more democratic, though in these too the leadership was usually in the hands of members of the educated or propertied classes. The earliest network outside Paris was formed in the south-west and the Mediterranean Midi, where members sometimes took over the premises, and rituals, of religious lay confraternities. In some areas there was continuity with ancien régime Masonic lodges. Large numbers of Jacobin clubs were established in the north between 1793 and 1794. The greatest concentration, however, was in the south-east: in the Var, 92 per cent ...

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Jacobin Club, Jacobin Club - Birth of, Jacobin Club - Fall of Monarchy, Jacobin Club - Paris, Jacobin Club - Standards & practices, Jacobin Club - Changes, Jacobin Club - The ascendancy of Robespierre, Jacobin Club - Fall from power

Read more here: » Jacobin Club: Encyclopedia II - Jacobin Club - Changes

From the first, relations between the king and the Legislative Assembly were less than friendly. The king refused to meet the Assembly's initial delegation in person; the Assembly voted to deprive the ceremony of the king's visit to their hall of almost all customary pomp (although the vote was rescinded the following day, and the king's address was generally well received). On 9 November 1791 the Assembly decreed that the émigrés assembled on the frontiers should be liable to the penalties of death and confiscation if they r ...

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The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The composition of the Legislative Assembly, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king's ministers, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The politics of the Left, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king exercises his veto, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - A new administration in Paris, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - War approaches, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The Girondin ministry, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The initial disasters of war, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The 10th of August, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - Insurrection and constitutional crisis

Read more here: » The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy: Encyclopedia II - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king exercises his veto

See main article 10th of August (French Revolution) The ruling spirit of this new revolution was Danton, a barrister only thirty-two years old, who had not sat in either Assembly, although he had been the leader of the Cordeliers, an advanced republican club, and had a strong hold on the common people of Paris. Danton and his friends were assisted in their work by the fear of invasion, for the allied army was at length mustering on the frontier. The Assembly declared the country in danger. All the regular troops in or near Pari ...

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The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The composition of the Legislative Assembly, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king's ministers, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The politics of the Left, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king exercises his veto, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - A new administration in Paris, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - War approaches, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The Girondin ministry, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The initial disasters of war, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The 10th of August, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - Insurrection and constitutional crisis

Read more here: » The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy: Encyclopedia II - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The 10th of August

The French war plan envisaged invading the Netherlands at three points simultaneously. Lafayette would march against Namur, Biron against Mons, and Dillon against Tournay. But the first movement disclosed the miserable state of the army. Smitten with panic, Dillon's force fled at sight of the enemy, and Dillon, after receiving a wound from one of his own soldiers, was murdered by the mob of Lille ...

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The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The composition of the Legislative Assembly, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king's ministers, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The politics of the Left, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king exercises his veto, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - A new administration in Paris, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - War approaches, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The Girondin ministry, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The initial disasters of war, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The 10th of August, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - Insurrection and constitutional crisis

Read more here: » The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy: Encyclopedia II - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The initial disasters of war

The king, seeing no other course open, formed a new ministry which was chiefly Girondin. Jean-Marie Roland became minister of the interior, Étienne Clavière of finance, Pierre Marie de Grave of war, and Jean de Lacoste of marine. Far abler and more resolute than any of these men was Charles François Dumouriez, the new minister for foreign affairs. A soldier by profession, he had been employed in the secret diplomacy of Louis XV and had thus gained a wide knowledge of international politics. He stood aloof from parties and had no rigid pri ...

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The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The composition of the Legislative Assembly, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king's ministers, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The politics of the Left, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king exercises his veto, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - A new administration in Paris, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - War approaches, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The Girondin ministry, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The initial disasters of war, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The 10th of August, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - Insurrection and constitutional crisis

Read more here: » The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy: Encyclopedia II - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The Girondin ministry

The Left had three objects of enmity. First among these was the royal couple, King Louis XVI, Queen Marie Antoinette and the royal family. The Left as a whole wished to replace the monarchy with a republic, although this was not initially the public position of most of them. Second came the émigrés -- now seen as a threat from abroad -- and, third, the non-juring clergy. Those émigrés who had assembled in arms on the territories of the electors of Mainz and Treves (Trier) and in the Austrian Netherlands had put thems ...

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The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The composition of the Legislative Assembly, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king's ministers, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The politics of the Left, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king exercises his veto, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - A new administration in Paris, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - War approaches, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The Girondin ministry, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The initial disasters of war, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The 10th of August, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - Insurrection and constitutional crisis

Read more here: » The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy: Encyclopedia II - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The politics of the Left

The National Constituent Assembly dissolved itself on 30 September 1791. Upon Robespierre's motion it had decreed that none of its members should be capable of sitting in the next legislature. Its legacy, the Constitution of 1791, attempted to institute a liberal constitutional monarchy. This had been envisioned as an arrangement not to be tampered with for a generation but, in the event, it did not last a year. In the attempt to govern, the Assembly failed altogether. In the words of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica< ...

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The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The composition of the Legislative Assembly, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king's ministers, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The politics of the Left, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king exercises his veto, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - A new administration in Paris, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - War approaches, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The Girondin ministry, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The initial disasters of war, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The 10th of August, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - Insurrection and constitutional crisis

Read more here: » The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy: Encyclopedia II - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The composition of the Legislative Assembly

A number of factors led to the revolution; to some extent the old order succumbed to its own rigidity in the face of a changing world; to some extent, it fell to the ambitions of a rising bourgeoisie, allied with aggrieved peasants, wage-earners, and individuals of all classes who had come under the influence of the ideas of the Enlightenment. As the revolution proceeded and as power devolved from the monarchy to legislative bodies, the conflicting interests of these initially allied groups would ...

See also:

French Revolution, French Revolution - Causes, French Revolution - History, French Revolution - The Estates-General of 1789, French Revolution - The National Assembly, French Revolution - The National Constituent Assembly, French Revolution - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the Monarchy, French Revolution - The Convention, French Revolution - The Directory, French Revolution - Other revolutions in French history

Read more here: » French Revolution: Encyclopedia II - French Revolution - Causes

At the same time the rules of order and forms of election were settled, and the constitution of the club determined. There were to be a president, elected every month, four secretaries, a treasurer, and committees elected to superintend elections and presentations, the correspondence, and the administration of the club. Any member who by word or action showed that his principles were contrary to the constitution and the rights of man was to be expelled, a rule which later on facilitated the "purification" of the society by the expulsion of i ...

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Jacobin Club, Jacobin Club - Birth of, Jacobin Club - Fall of Monarchy, Jacobin Club - Paris, Jacobin Club - Standards & practices, Jacobin Club - Changes, Jacobin Club - The ascendancy of Robespierre, Jacobin Club - Fall from power

Read more here: » Jacobin Club: Encyclopedia II - Jacobin Club - Standards & practices

After the fall of the monarchy Robespierre was in effect the Jacobin Club; for to the tribunes he was the oracle of political wisdom, and by his standard all others were judged. With his fall the Jacobins, too, came to an end. Not the least singular thing about the Jacobins is the very slender material basis on which their overwhelming power rested. Some groaned under their autocracy, which they compared to that of the Inquisition, with its system of espionage and denunciations which no one was too illustrious or too humble to escape. ...

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Jacobin Club, Jacobin Club - Birth of, Jacobin Club - Fall of Monarchy, Jacobin Club - Paris, Jacobin Club - Standards & practices, Jacobin Club - Changes, Jacobin Club - The ascendancy of Robespierre, Jacobin Club - Fall from power

Read more here: » Jacobin Club: Encyclopedia II - Jacobin Club - The ascendancy of Robespierre

The king's ministers, named by him and excluded from the Assembly, were mostly persons of little mark. Montmorin gave up the portfolio of foreign affairs on 31 October 1791 and was succeeded by De Lessart, the previous minister of finance. Bon-Claude Cahier de Gerville was minister of the interior; Louis Hardouin Tarbé, minister of finance; and Bertrand de Molleville, minister of marine. But the only minister who influenced the course of affairs was the comte de Narbonne, minister of war. Overtly, the king (despite his earlier attemp ...

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The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The composition of the Legislative Assembly, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king's ministers, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The politics of the Left, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king exercises his veto, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - A new administration in Paris, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - War approaches, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The Girondin ministry, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The initial disasters of war, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The 10th of August, The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - Insurrection and constitutional crisis

Read more here: » The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy: Encyclopedia II - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy - The king's ministers