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High Middle Ages - Britain. Main article: Britain in the Middle Ages In England, the Norman Conquest of 1066 resulted in a kingdom ruled by a French-speaking nobility. The Normans invaded Ireland in force in 1169 and soon established themselves throughout most of the country, though their stronghold was the southeast. Likewise, Scotland and Wales were subdued to vassalage at about the same time, though Scotland later regained her independence. The Exchequer was founded in the 12th centu ...

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High Middle Ages, High Middle Ages - Historical events and politics, High Middle Ages - Britain, High Middle Ages - Scandinavia, High Middle Ages - Western and Central Europe, High Middle Ages - Southern Europe, High Middle Ages - Eastern Europe, High Middle Ages - Climate and agriculture, High Middle Ages - The Rise of Chivalry, High Middle Ages - Religion, High Middle Ages - The Church, High Middle Ages - The Crusades, High Middle Ages - Scholasticism, High Middle Ages - Golden age of monasticism, High Middle Ages - Mendicant orders, High Middle Ages - Heretical movements, High Middle Ages - Trade and commerce, High Middle Ages - Technology, High Middle Ages - Culture, High Middle Ages - Art, High Middle Ages - Architecture, High Middle Ages - Literature, High Middle Ages - Music, High Middle Ages - Timeline

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High Middle Ages - The Church. The East-West Schism of 1054 formally separated the Christian church into two parts: Western Catholicism in Western Europe and Eastern Orthodoxy in the east. It occurred when Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael I excommunicated each other, mainly over disputes as to the existence of papal authority over the four Eastern patriarchs. High Middle Ages - The Crusades. ...

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High Middle Ages, High Middle Ages - Historical events and politics, High Middle Ages - Britain, High Middle Ages - Scandinavia, High Middle Ages - Western and Central Europe, High Middle Ages - Southern Europe, High Middle Ages - Eastern Europe, High Middle Ages - Climate and agriculture, High Middle Ages - The Rise of Chivalry, High Middle Ages - Religion, High Middle Ages - The Church, High Middle Ages - The Crusades, High Middle Ages - Scholasticism, High Middle Ages - Golden age of monasticism, High Middle Ages - Mendicant orders, High Middle Ages - Heretical movements, High Middle Ages - Trade and commerce, High Middle Ages - Technology, High Middle Ages - Culture, High Middle Ages - Art, High Middle Ages - Architecture, High Middle Ages - Literature, High Middle Ages - Music, High Middle Ages - Timeline

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See also: Neolithic and Bronze Age People lived in what is today Denmark more than 100,000 years ago, but they were likely forced to leave for a time because of the ice cap that covered the land for some of the intervening time during the ice age. It is thought that people have lived continually in Denmark since around 12,000 BC. Agriculture made inroads around 3,000 BC. The Nordic Bronze Age period in Denmark was marked by a culture which buried its dead, with their worldly goods, beneath burial mounds. Many dolmens and ...

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History of Denmark, History of Denmark - Ancient Denmark, History of Denmark - The Germanic Iron Age, History of Denmark - Middle Ages, History of Denmark - Earliest literary sources, History of Denmark - Vikings, History of Denmark - Christianity and the Establishment of Denmark, History of Denmark - Difficulties for the Kings, History of Denmark - Margaret and the Kalmar Union, History of Denmark - Early Modern, History of Denmark - Reformation, History of Denmark - Early Modern Politics, History of Denmark - Absolutism, History of Denmark - Colonialism, History of Denmark - 19th Century, History of Denmark - Napoleonic Wars, History of Denmark - Nationalism and Liberalism, History of Denmark - Monetary Union, History of Denmark - 20th Century, History of Denmark - Early 20th century, History of Denmark - Post-War

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History of Denmark - Napoleonic Wars. Denmark's robust economy was shattered by the expenses and losses of the Napoleonic wars. Denmark had allied with France and had faced several attacks from the British. The British fleet attacked Copenhagen in 1801 (Battle of Copenhagen (1801)) which led to Denmark allying with the French. In 1807 the British fleet bombarded Copenhagen again, which caused considerable civilian hardship. They captured the Danish fleet and brou ...

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History of Denmark, History of Denmark - Ancient Denmark, History of Denmark - The Germanic Iron Age, History of Denmark - Middle Ages, History of Denmark - Earliest literary sources, History of Denmark - Vikings, History of Denmark - Christianity and the Establishment of Denmark, History of Denmark - Difficulties for the Kings, History of Denmark - Margaret and the Kalmar Union, History of Denmark - Early Modern, History of Denmark - Reformation, History of Denmark - Early Modern Politics, History of Denmark - Absolutism, History of Denmark - Colonialism, History of Denmark - 19th Century, History of Denmark - Napoleonic Wars, History of Denmark - Nationalism and Liberalism, History of Denmark - Monetary Union, History of Denmark - 20th Century, History of Denmark - Early 20th century, History of Denmark - Post-War

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The early details of Faroese history are rather nebulous. It is possible that Saint Brendan, an Irish monk, sailed past the islands during his North Atlantic voyage in the 6th century. He saw an 'Island of Sheep' and a 'Paradise of Birds', which some say could be the Faroes with its dense bird population and sheep. In the late 600s to early 700s the islands were visited by monks from Ireland, possibly looking for converts. Little is known about them, except that they used the Faroes (and Iceland) as a hermitage. As these monks were celibate and lived in all-male communitie ...

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History of the Faroe Islands, History of the Faroe Islands - Pre-Norse history, History of the Faroe Islands - Pre-14th century, History of the Faroe Islands - Foreign commercial interest: 14th century to Second World War, History of the Faroe Islands - Post-WWII: Home Rule

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History of Denmark - Early 20th century. In the early decades of the 20th century the new Radical Party and the older Venstre Party shared government. During this time women were granted the vote (1915), and some of Denmark's colonial holdings, three islands (St. John, St. Croix, and St. Thomas) in the West Indies were sold to the United States. During this period Denmark inaugurated important social and labour market refor ...

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History of Denmark, History of Denmark - Ancient Denmark, History of Denmark - The Germanic Iron Age, History of Denmark - Middle Ages, History of Denmark - Earliest literary sources, History of Denmark - Vikings, History of Denmark - Christianity and the Establishment of Denmark, History of Denmark - Difficulties for the Kings, History of Denmark - Margaret and the Kalmar Union, History of Denmark - Early Modern, History of Denmark - Reformation, History of Denmark - Early Modern Politics, History of Denmark - Absolutism, History of Denmark - Colonialism, History of Denmark - 19th Century, History of Denmark - Napoleonic Wars, History of Denmark - Nationalism and Liberalism, History of Denmark - Monetary Union, History of Denmark - 20th Century, History of Denmark - Early 20th century, History of Denmark - Post-War

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Modern historical theories dispute the idea that the Reconquista was merely a war of Christians versus Muslims. These theories note that the Muslims had occupied significant parts of the Iberian Peninsula for eight centuries, over which time it would had been impossible to keep ethnic groups separated. Noble genealogies clearly show the close relations between Muslims and Christians. More evidence supporting those theories is that the Portuguese and Spanish languages themselves have a high number of words of Arabic origin. Instead of the ter ...

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Reconquista, Reconquista - Overview, Reconquista - The rebellion of the Astures and the early kingdom, Reconquista - The Pyrenees’ block, Reconquista - War tactics in medieval Iberian Peninsula, Reconquista - Repopulating Hispania: the origin of fueros, Reconquista - The 10th and 11th centuries: crisis and splendour, Reconquista - The Caliph of Córdoba, Reconquista - Civil War, Reconquista - The Kingdom of León, Reconquista - King Ramiro, Reconquista - Alfonso V, Reconquista - Sancho the Great, Reconquista - King Fernando, Reconquista - The Almoravids, Reconquista - Christian in-fighting, Reconquista - Expansion into the Crusades, Reconquista - Ethnic cleansing, Reconquista - Division of land, Reconquista - Cultural influence, Reconquista - Modern views, Reconquista - Social types under the Reconquista, Reconquista - Sources

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History of Denmark - Reformation. The Reformation, which originated in Germany from the ideas of Martin Luther, had a strong impact on Denmark; today the national Church of Denmark is Lutheran. The Reformation was introduced in Denmark in 1536. As elsewhere in Europe, the spread of protestantism was made possible by the powerful combination of popular enthusiasm for the reform of the church and the enthusiasm of the government for the opportunity for increased independence from Rome. No small incentive for independence from Rome involved seizure of Church lands by the King ...

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History of Denmark, History of Denmark - Ancient Denmark, History of Denmark - The Germanic Iron Age, History of Denmark - Middle Ages, History of Denmark - Earliest literary sources, History of Denmark - Vikings, History of Denmark - Christianity and the Establishment of Denmark, History of Denmark - Difficulties for the Kings, History of Denmark - Margaret and the Kalmar Union, History of Denmark - Early Modern, History of Denmark - Reformation, History of Denmark - Early Modern Politics, History of Denmark - Absolutism, History of Denmark - Colonialism, History of Denmark - 19th Century, History of Denmark - Napoleonic Wars, History of Denmark - Nationalism and Liberalism, History of Denmark - Monetary Union, History of Denmark - 20th Century, History of Denmark - Early 20th century, History of Denmark - Post-War

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The union of the two territories of Catalonia and Aragon was caused by the marriage of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona and Petronila of Aragon, later Queen Regnant of Aragon. This merged the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon under the name of "Crown of Aragon". Their son, Alfonso II, inherited both titles. This union was made while respecting the existing institutions of both places. This situation was mostly maintained until the abolition of the ...

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Crown of Aragon, Crown of Aragon - Context, Crown of Aragon - History

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1Elfweard was appointed as King of Wessex only, and died after sixteen days. 2Edgar the Atheling was proclaimed king following the death of Harold at Hastings. He submitted to William a few weeks later. 3Matilda, the rightful heir, was briefly proclaimed Lady of the English during a period of civil war. 4Henry, the Young King, was crowned during his father's lifetime, whom he predeceased, and was not assigned a regnal number. 5Edward V, one of the Princes in the ...

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List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Catuvellauni, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Roman Occupation, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Romano-Britons, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Anglo-Saxon Bretwaldas, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Mercians, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - West Saxons, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Danes, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - West Saxons restored, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Normans, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Plantagenets, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Angevins, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - House of Lancaster, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - House of York, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - House of Tudor, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - House of Stuart, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Commonwealth, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - House of Stuart restored, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - House of Hanover, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - House of Windsor, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - Footnotes, List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England - External link

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The kingship of Bohemia was for centuries a position elected by its nobles. As a result, it was not an automatically inherited position. The king of Bohemia tended to be a Habsburg, but was not always. Hence, the kings of Bohemia and their ruling dates are listed separately. Habsburg - Main line: Kings of Bohemia. Rudolph I, king of Bohemia 1306-1307 Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Bohemia. Albert, king of Bohemia 1437 - 1439 < ...

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Habsburg, Habsburg - A brief history of the House of Habsburg, Habsburg - From Counts of Habsburg to Holy Roman Emperors, Habsburg - Division of the House: Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine: the Austrian Empire, Habsburg - Main Line, Habsburg - Ancestors, Habsburg - Counts of Habsburg, Habsburg - Kings of Germany, Habsburg - Dukes of Austria, Habsburg - Albertine line: Dukes of Austria, Habsburg - Leopoldine line: Dukes of Styria Carinthia Tyrol, Habsburg - Reuniting of Habsburg possessions, Habsburg - Main Line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs: Kings of Spain Kings of Portugal 1580-1640, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine Lothringen main line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Emperors of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Heads of the House of Habsburg post-monarchy, Habsburg - Burials, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Main line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Queens Consort of France, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs, Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs, Habsburg - Habsburg-Lorraine

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From the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, the greatest non-Habsburg power in Europe was usually France. As a result, in usually futile attempts to either unite Europe under the Habsburg family or to prevent French enmity, Habsburg daughters were wed to successive kings of France. Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs. Elisabeth of Austria (1554 - 1592), wife of King Charles IX of France Leonor of Aus ...

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Habsburg, Habsburg - A brief history of the House of Habsburg, Habsburg - From Counts of Habsburg to Holy Roman Emperors, Habsburg - Division of the House: Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine: the Austrian Empire, Habsburg - Main Line, Habsburg - Ancestors, Habsburg - Counts of Habsburg, Habsburg - Kings of Germany, Habsburg - Dukes of Austria, Habsburg - Albertine line: Dukes of Austria, Habsburg - Leopoldine line: Dukes of Styria Carinthia Tyrol, Habsburg - Reuniting of Habsburg possessions, Habsburg - Main Line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs: Kings of Spain Kings of Portugal 1580-1640, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine Lothringen main line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Emperors of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Heads of the House of Habsburg post-monarchy, Habsburg - Burials, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Main line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Queens Consort of France, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs, Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs, Habsburg - Habsburg-Lorraine

Read more here: » Habsburg: Encyclopedia II - Habsburg - Habsburgs as Queens Consort of France

List of Castilian monarchs - Jiménez Dynasty. Ferdinand I the Great (1035-1065) Sancho II the Strong (1065-1072), also king of León (1072) Alfonso VI the Brave (1072-1109), also king of León (1072-1109) Urraca (1109-1126), also king of León (1109-1126) List of Castilian monarchs - House of Burgundy. The follow dynasts are descendants, in the male line, of Urraca's husband, Raymond of Burgundy, himself a Capetian. Alfonso ...

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List of Castilian monarchs, List of Castilian monarchs - Counts of Castile, List of Castilian monarchs - Elective Counts, List of Castilian monarchs - House of Lara, List of Castilian monarchs - Kings of Castile, List of Castilian monarchs - Jiménez Dynasty, List of Castilian monarchs - House of Burgundy, List of Castilian monarchs - House of Trastámara

Read more here: » List of Castilian monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Castilian monarchs - Kings of Castile

Little is known about Faroese history up until the 14th century. The main historical source for this period is the 13th century work Færeyinga Saga (Saga of the Faroese), and it is disputed as to how much of this work is historical fact. Færeyinga Saga only exists today as copies in other sagas. In particular three manuscripts called Ólafs Saga Tryggvasonar, Flateyjarbók and one registered as AM 62 fol. According to Flateyjarbók Grímr Kamban settled in Faroe when Harald Hårfagre was king of Norway ((872 – 930). But thi ...

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History of the Faroe Islands, History of the Faroe Islands - Pre-Norse history, History of the Faroe Islands - Pre-14th century, History of the Faroe Islands - Foreign commercial interest: 14th century to Second World War, History of the Faroe Islands - Post-WWII: Home Rule

Read more here: » History of the Faroe Islands: Encyclopedia II - History of the Faroe Islands - Pre-14th century

The kingship of Hungary remained in the Habsburg family for centuries; but as the kingship was not strictly inherited and was sometimes used as a training ground for young Habsburgs, the dates of rule do not always match those of the primary Habsburg possessions. Therefore, the kings of Hungary are listed separately. Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Hungary. Albert, king of Hungary 1437 - 1439

The advances and retreats created several social types: The Mozarabs: descendants of Visigothic or Romanic dwellers who did not convert to Islam. Some of them migrated to the North in times of persecution. The Muladi: Christians who converted to Islam after the invasion. The Renegade: Christian individuals who embraced Islam and often fought against their former compatriots. The Jewish conversos: Jews who either voluntarily or forced became Christians. Some of th ...

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Reconquista, Reconquista - Overview, Reconquista - The rebellion of the Astures and the early kingdom, Reconquista - The Pyrenees’ block, Reconquista - War tactics in medieval Iberian Peninsula, Reconquista - Repopulating Hispania: the origin of fueros, Reconquista - The 10th and 11th centuries: crisis and splendour, Reconquista - The Caliph of Córdoba, Reconquista - Civil War, Reconquista - The Kingdom of León, Reconquista - King Ramiro, Reconquista - Alfonso V, Reconquista - Sancho the Great, Reconquista - King Fernando, Reconquista - The Almoravids, Reconquista - Christian in-fighting, Reconquista - Expansion into the Crusades, Reconquista - Ethnic cleansing, Reconquista - Division of land, Reconquista - Cultural influence, Reconquista - Modern views, Reconquista - Social types under the Reconquista, Reconquista - Sources

Read more here: » Reconquista: Encyclopedia II - Reconquista - Social types under the Reconquista

Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs: Kings of Spain Kings of Portugal 1580-1640. See also: Portuguese House of Habsburg Philip I of Castile, second son of Maximilian I, founded the Spanish Habsburgs in 1506 by marrying Joanna the Mad, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. Philip promptly died, leaving the thrones of Castile and Aragon to be inherited and united into the nation of Spain by his son: Charles I 1516-1556, aka Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor; converdivided the House into Austrian ...

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Habsburg, Habsburg - A brief history of the House of Habsburg, Habsburg - From Counts of Habsburg to Holy Roman Emperors, Habsburg - Division of the House: Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine: the Austrian Empire, Habsburg - Main Line, Habsburg - Ancestors, Habsburg - Counts of Habsburg, Habsburg - Kings of Germany, Habsburg - Dukes of Austria, Habsburg - Albertine line: Dukes of Austria, Habsburg - Leopoldine line: Dukes of Styria Carinthia Tyrol, Habsburg - Reuniting of Habsburg possessions, Habsburg - Main Line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs: Kings of Spain Kings of Portugal 1580-1640, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine Lothringen main line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Emperors of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Heads of the House of Habsburg post-monarchy, Habsburg - Burials, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Main line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Queens Consort of France, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs, Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs, Habsburg - Habsburg-Lorraine

Read more here: » Habsburg: Encyclopedia II - Habsburg - Main Line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria

Before Rudolph rose to German king, the Habsburgs were Counts in what is today south-western Germany and Switzerland. Habsburg - Ancestors. Guntram the Rich (ca. 930 - 985 / 990) Father of: Lanzelin of Altenburg (d. 991). Besides Radbot, he had sons named Rudolph I, Wernher, and Landolf. Habsburg - Counts of Habsburg. Radbot of Klettgau, built the Habsburg (ca. 985 - 1035). Besides Werner I, he had two other sons: Otto I, who would become Coun ...

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Habsburg, Habsburg - A brief history of the House of Habsburg, Habsburg - From Counts of Habsburg to Holy Roman Emperors, Habsburg - Division of the House: Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine: the Austrian Empire, Habsburg - Main Line, Habsburg - Ancestors, Habsburg - Counts of Habsburg, Habsburg - Kings of Germany, Habsburg - Dukes of Austria, Habsburg - Albertine line: Dukes of Austria, Habsburg - Leopoldine line: Dukes of Styria Carinthia Tyrol, Habsburg - Reuniting of Habsburg possessions, Habsburg - Main Line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs: Kings of Spain Kings of Portugal 1580-1640, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine Lothringen main line: Holy Roman Emperors Archdukes of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Emperors of Austria, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Heads of the House of Habsburg post-monarchy, Habsburg - Burials, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Kings of Hungary, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Main line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Albertine line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - House of Habsburg-Lorraine main line: Kings of Bohemia, Habsburg - Habsburgs as Queens Consort of France, Habsburg - Austrian Habsburgs, Habsburg - Spanish Habsburgs, Habsburg - Habsburg-Lorraine

Read more here: » Habsburg: Encyclopedia II - Habsburg - Main Line

Carinthia duchy - Various dynasties. Berthold (927-947) to Bavaria (947-976) Henry I (976-978) (direct rule by German king) to Bavaria (978-995) Otto (995-1004) (direct rule by Holy Roman Emperor) Conrad I (1004-1011) Adalbero (1011-1035) (Eppensteiner) Conrad II (1035-1039) (direct rule by Holy Roman Emperor) Welf III (1039-1055) (direct rule by Holy Roman Emperor) vacant (1055-1057) Conrad III (1057-1061) (direct rule by Holy Roman Emperor) Ber ...

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Carinthia duchy, Carinthia duchy - Karantania and medieval dynasties, Carinthia duchy - Habsburgs, Carinthia duchy - 20th century, Carinthia duchy - Dukes of Carinthia, Carinthia duchy - Various dynasties, Carinthia duchy - Eppensteiner, Carinthia duchy - Sponheimer, Carinthia duchy - Various dynasties, Carinthia duchy - Gorizia-Tyrol, Carinthia duchy - Habsburg

Read more here: » Carinthia duchy: Encyclopedia II - Carinthia duchy - Dukes of Carinthia

See the article on the Basque people for their full history. The Kingdom of Navarre was during a very short period of time the only political entity to encompass the Basque Country on both sides of the Pyrenees. The kingdom reached its greatest size under Sancho III of Navarre (c. 985–1035). It incorporated most Basque-speaking lands, among others, but was divided repeatedly after his death. In 1512, the troops of Ferdinand II of Aragon took the Southern part, but Basse-Navarre, north of the Pyrenees remained independent unti ...

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Basque Country, Basque Country - Geography, Basque Country - Today's borders, Basque Country - History

Read more here: » Basque Country: Encyclopedia II - Basque Country - History

Magdeburg's most impressive building, the cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice, has a height of 104 m.: the highest church building of eastern Germany. The predecessor of the cathedral was a church built in 937 within an abbey, called St. Maurice. Emperor Otto I the Great was buried here beside his wife in 973. St. Maurice burnt to ashes in 1207. The exact location of that church remained u ...

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Magdeburg, Magdeburg - History, Magdeburg - Cathedral of Magdeburg, Magdeburg - Other sights, Magdeburg - Trivia

Read more here: » Magdeburg: Encyclopedia II - Magdeburg - Cathedral of Magdeburg