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1000 BCE | A Wisdom Archive on 1000 BCE | | 1000 BCE A selection of articles related to 1000 BCE | |
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1000 BCE, 1000s BC, 1000s BC - Events and trends, 1000s BC - Significant people
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1000 BCE | | | |  1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Rice - Rice cultivationRice is a dietary staple of more than half of the world's human population, making it the most consumed cereal grain. Rice cultivation is well suited to countries and regions with low labour costs and high rainfall, as it is very labour-intensive to cultivate and requires plenty of water for irrigation. However, it can be grown practically anywhere, even on steep hillsides. Rice is the world's third largest crop, behind maize (corn) and wheat. Although its species are native to South Asia and certain parts of Africa, centuries of trade and exportation ...
See also:Rice, Rice - Rice cultivation, Rice - Preparation as food, Rice - Cooking rice, Rice - History of rice cultivation, Rice - World production and trade, Rice - Cultivars, Rice - International Year of Rice Read more here: » Rice: Encyclopedia II - Rice - Rice cultivation |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Vedas - Religious views: Monism, Monotheism, Henotheism and Polytheism The religion of the Vedic period, particularly at its earliest, was distinct in a number of respects, including reference to females in positions of religious authority (female rishis, or sages), an apparent lack of belief in reincarnation, and a markedly different pantheon, with Indra generally the chief god, and little mention of the later primary gods Vishnu and Shiva, although Brahma does appear quite frequently.
While Hinduism is generally monistic or monotheistic admitting emanating deities, the early Rig Veda (undeveloped early ...
See also:Vedas, Vedas - Organization, Vedas - Position and compilation, Vedas - Study, Vedas - Religious views: Monism, Monotheism, Henotheism and Polytheism, Vedas - Cosmogony Read more here: » Vedas: Encyclopedia II - Vedas - Religious views: Monism, Monotheism, Henotheism and Polytheism |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - History of Vermont - European settlement The first European to see Vermont is thought to be Jacques Cartier, in 1535. On July 30, 1609, French explorer Samuel de Champlain claimed the area of what is now Lake Champlain, giving to the mountains the appellation of les Verts Monts (the Green Mountains).
France claimed Vermont as part of New France, and erected Fort Sainte Anne on Isle La Motte in 1666 as part of their fortification of Lake Champlain. This was the first European settlement ...
See also:History of Vermont, History of Vermont - Early history, History of Vermont - European settlement, History of Vermont - Colonial history, History of Vermont - New Hampshire Grants and the Vermont Republic, History of Vermont - 19th century, History of Vermont - Scholarly books on Vermont History Read more here: » History of Vermont: Encyclopedia II - History of Vermont - European settlement |
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| | | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Nepal - Government and politics Until 1990, Nepal was an absolute monarchy under the executive control of the king. In 1990, King Birendra agreed to large-scale political reforms by creating a parliamentary monarchy with the king as head of state and a prime minister as head of government.
Nepal's legislature is bicameral constituting of a House of Representatives and a National Council. The House of Representatives consists of 205 members directly elected by the people. The National Council has 60 members, 10 nominated by the king, 35 elected by the House of Repres ...
See also:Nepal, Nepal - History, Nepal - Geography, Nepal - Economy, Nepal - Government and politics, Nepal - Military and foreign affairs, Nepal - Subdivisions, Nepal - Demographics, Nepal - Culture Read more here: » Nepal: Encyclopedia II - Nepal - Government and politics |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - History of Vermont - 19th century Vermont had a unicameral legislature until 1836.
The northernmost land action of the American Civil War took place in Vermont on October 19, 1864. In this incident, one of the most unusual in American history, Bennett H. Young led Confederate forces. Young had been captured in John Hunt Morgan's 1863 raid in Ohio, but escaped to Canada in the fall of that year. Morgan went to the south, where he proposed Canada-based raids on the Union as a means of building the Confederate treasury and forcing the Union army to protect their northern ...
See also:History of Vermont, History of Vermont - Early history, History of Vermont - European settlement, History of Vermont - Colonial history, History of Vermont - New Hampshire Grants and the Vermont Republic, History of Vermont - 19th century, History of Vermont - Scholarly books on Vermont History Read more here: » History of Vermont: Encyclopedia II - History of Vermont - 19th century |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Examples A sample passage in Tamil script with a Romanised transcription:
ஆசிரியர் வகுப்பறையுள் நுழைந்தார்.
அவர் உள்ளே நுழைந்தவுடன் மாணவர்கள் எழுந்தனர்.
வளவன் மட்டும் தன் அருகில் நின்றுகொண்டிருந்த மாணவி கனிமொழியுடன் பேசிக் கொண்டிருந்தான்.
நான் அ ...
See also:Tamil language, Tamil language - History, Tamil language - Classification, Tamil language - Geographic distribution, Tamil language - Legal status, Tamil language - Spoken and literary variants, Tamil language - Dialects, Tamil language - Writing system, Tamil language - Sounds, Tamil language - Vowels, Tamil language - Consonants, Tamil language - Special character, Tamil language - Phonology, Tamil language - Grammar, Tamil language - Parts of speech, Tamil language - Sentence structure, Tamil language - Vocabulary, Tamil language - Examples Read more here: » Tamil language: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Examples |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Vocabulary Modern Tamil vocabulary still retains most of the words from classical Tamil. Due to this and because of the emphasis on learning classical works like Tirukkural, classical Tamil is comprehensible in various degrees to most native speakers of today. However, a number of Sanskrit loan words have been adapted and used commonly in modern Tamil. But, unlike some other Dravidian languages, these words are restricted mainly to spiritual terminology and abstract nouns. Besides Sanskrit, there are a few loan words from Persian and Arabic implying tr ...
See also:Tamil language, Tamil language - History, Tamil language - Classification, Tamil language - Geographic distribution, Tamil language - Legal status, Tamil language - Spoken and literary variants, Tamil language - Dialects, Tamil language - Writing system, Tamil language - Sounds, Tamil language - Vowels, Tamil language - Consonants, Tamil language - Special character, Tamil language - Phonology, Tamil language - Grammar, Tamil language - Parts of speech, Tamil language - Sentence structure, Tamil language - Vocabulary, Tamil language - Examples Read more here: » Tamil language: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Vocabulary |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Geographic distribution Tamil is the first language of the majority in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, and in northern and northeastern Sri Lanka. The language is also spoken in other parts of these two countries, most notably in the Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra, and in Colombo and the hill country in Sri Lanka.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Tamil-speaking indentured servants from India and Sri Lanka were sent to many parts of the British empire where they founded Tamil-speaking communities. There are currently size ...
See also:Tamil language, Tamil language - History, Tamil language - Classification, Tamil language - Geographic distribution, Tamil language - Legal status, Tamil language - Spoken and literary variants, Tamil language - Dialects, Tamil language - Writing system, Tamil language - Sounds, Tamil language - Vowels, Tamil language - Consonants, Tamil language - Special character, Tamil language - Phonology, Tamil language - Grammar, Tamil language - Parts of speech, Tamil language - Sentence structure, Tamil language - Vocabulary, Tamil language - Examples Read more here: » Tamil language: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Geographic distribution |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Writing system Tamil is atrocioulsy non-phonetic - the language itself could be read as dhamizh or thamizh in the native script. Tamil is subject to well-defined rules of elision and euphony. The present script used to write Tamil text is believed to have evolved from the Brahmi script of the Ashoka era. Later, a southern variant of the Brahmi script evolved into the Grantha script, which was used to write both Sanskrit and Tamil texts. Between the 6th and 10th centuries, a new script called vettezhuthu (meaning letters that are cut) evolved ...
See also:Tamil language, Tamil language - History, Tamil language - Classification, Tamil language - Geographic distribution, Tamil language - Legal status, Tamil language - Spoken and literary variants, Tamil language - Dialects, Tamil language - Writing system, Tamil language - Sounds, Tamil language - Vowels, Tamil language - Consonants, Tamil language - Special character, Tamil language - Phonology, Tamil language - Grammar, Tamil language - Parts of speech, Tamil language - Sentence structure, Tamil language - Vocabulary, Tamil language - Examples Read more here: » Tamil language: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Writing system |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Nepal - Military and foreign affairs Nepal's military consists of the Royal Nepalese Army which includes the Royal Nepalese Army Air Service, (the air force unit under it), and the Nepalese Police Force. Service is voluntary and the minimum age for enlistment is 18 years. Nepal spends $99.2 million (2004) on its military—1.5% of its GDP. The king is the commander-in-chief of the military, which is currently engaged in the civil war against the Maoist insurgents. Most of the equi ...
See also:Nepal, Nepal - History, Nepal - Geography, Nepal - Economy, Nepal - Government and politics, Nepal - Military and foreign affairs, Nepal - Subdivisions, Nepal - Demographics, Nepal - Culture Read more here: » Nepal: Encyclopedia II - Nepal - Military and foreign affairs |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Grammar Much of Tamil grammar is extensively described in the oldest available grammar book for Tamil, the Tolkāppiyam. Modern Tamil writing is largely based on the 13th century grammar Naṉṉūl which restated and clarified the rules of the Tolkāppiyam, with some modifications. Traditional Tamil grammar consists of five parts, namely eḻuttu, col, porul, yāppu, aṇi. Of these, the last two are mostly applicable in poetry.
Tamil, like other Dravidian languages, is an aggluti ...
See also:Tamil language, Tamil language - History, Tamil language - Classification, Tamil language - Geographic distribution, Tamil language - Legal status, Tamil language - Spoken and literary variants, Tamil language - Dialects, Tamil language - Writing system, Tamil language - Sounds, Tamil language - Vowels, Tamil language - Consonants, Tamil language - Special character, Tamil language - Phonology, Tamil language - Grammar, Tamil language - Parts of speech, Tamil language - Sentence structure, Tamil language - Vocabulary, Tamil language - Examples Read more here: » Tamil language: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Grammar |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Maya civilization - Political structures A typical Classic Maya polity was a small kingdom (ajawil, ajawlel, ajawlil) headed by a hereditary ruler – ajaw, later k’uhul ajaw. Both terms appear in early Colonial texts including Papeles de Paxbolón where they are used as synonymous to Aztec and Spanish terms for supreme rulers and their domains – tlahtoani (Tlatoani) and tlahtocayotl, rey or magestad and reino, señor and señorío or dominio. Such kingdom was usually no more than a capital city ...
See also:Maya civilization, Maya civilization - Origins, Maya civilization - Political structures, Maya civilization - Art, Maya civilization - Architecture, Maya civilization - Urban design, Maya civilization - Building materials, Maya civilization - Building process, Maya civilization - Notable constructions, Maya civilization - Writing and literacy, Maya civilization - Writing system, Maya civilization - Writing tools, Maya civilization - Scribes, Maya civilization - Literacy, Maya civilization - Mathematics, Maya civilization - Religion, Maya civilization - Agriculture, Maya civilization - Decline of the Maya, Maya civilization - Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya, Maya civilization - List of Maya sites, Maya civilization - Most important sites, Maya civilization - Other important Maya sites, Maya civilization - Reference Read more here: » Maya civilization: Encyclopedia II - Maya civilization - Political structures |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Nepal - Economy Nepal is one of the poorest and least developed nations in the world; up to half of its people live below the poverty line. Agriculture provides a livelihood for some 80% of the population and accounts for about 40% of the GDP, With services comprising 40% and industrial output the remainder. Terrain that ranges from hilly to mountainous in the northern two-thirds of the country has made the building of roads and other infrastructure prohibitively expensive. Moreover, the yearly monsoon and the resulting landslides make long stretches of the ...
See also:Nepal, Nepal - History, Nepal - Geography, Nepal - Economy, Nepal - Government and politics, Nepal - Military and foreign affairs, Nepal - Subdivisions, Nepal - Demographics, Nepal - Culture Read more here: » Nepal: Encyclopedia II - Nepal - Economy |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Mermaid - Heraldry In heraldry, the charge of a mermaid is commonly represented with a comb and a mirror, and blazoned as a 'mermaid in her vanity.' Merfolk were used to symbolize eloquence in speech.
A shield and sword-wielding mermaid (Syrenka) is the official Coat of Arms of Warsaw, the capital of Poland.
The personal coat of arms of Michaëlle Jean, Canada's Governor General, features two Simbi, mermaid-like spirit ...
See also:Mermaid, Mermaid - The Truth behind The Mermaid Myth?, Mermaid - Legend and myth, Mermaid - Fiction, Mermaid - Sirenomelia, Mermaid - Hoaxes, Mermaid - Heraldry Read more here: » Mermaid: Encyclopedia II - Mermaid - Heraldry |
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| | | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Rice - History of rice cultivation Rice cultivation is considered to have begun simultaneously in many countries over 6500 years ago. Two species of rice were domesticated, Asian rice (Oryza sativa) and African rice (Oryza glaberrima).
It is believed that common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, was the wild ancestor of Asian rice [3]. O. sativa appears to have originated around the foothills of the Himalayas, with O. sativa var. indica on the Indian side and O. ...
See also:Rice, Rice - Rice cultivation, Rice - Preparation as food, Rice - Cooking rice, Rice - History of rice cultivation, Rice - World production and trade, Rice - Cultivars, Rice - International Year of Rice Read more here: » Rice: Encyclopedia II - Rice - History of rice cultivation |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Rice - World production and trade World production of rice [4] has risen steadily from about 200 million tons of paddy rice in 1960 to 600 million tons in 2004. Milled rice is about 68% of paddy rice by weight. In the year 2004, the top three producers were China (31% of world production), India (20%), and Indonesia (9%).
World trade figures are very different, as only about 5-6% of rice produced is traded internationally. The largest three exporting countries are Thailand (26% ...
See also:Rice, Rice - Rice cultivation, Rice - Preparation as food, Rice - Cooking rice, Rice - History of rice cultivation, Rice - World production and trade, Rice - Cultivars, Rice - International Year of Rice Read more here: » Rice: Encyclopedia II - Rice - World production and trade |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Rice - Cultivars Rice cultivars are often classified by their grain shapes and texture. For example, Thai Jasmine rice is long-grain and relatively less sticky, as long-grain rice contains less amylopectin than short-grain cultivars. Chinese restaurants usually serve long-grain as plain unseasoned steamed rice. Japanese mochi rice and Chinese sticky rice are short-grain. Chinese people use sticky rice which is properly known as "glutinous rice" (which does not contain dietary gluten) to make zhongzi. The Japanese table rice is a sticky, short-grain rice. Japanese ...
See also:Rice, Rice - Rice cultivation, Rice - Preparation as food, Rice - Cooking rice, Rice - History of rice cultivation, Rice - World production and trade, Rice - Cultivars, Rice - International Year of Rice Read more here: » Rice: Encyclopedia II - Rice - Cultivars |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Maya civilization - List of Maya sites
Maya civilization - Most important sites.
Chichen Itza
Coba
Copán
Kalakmul
Palenque
Tikal
Uxmal
Maya civilization - Other important Maya sites.
Altun Ha
Becan
Bonampak
Cancuén
Caracol
Chinikiha
Chinkultic
Cival
Comalcalco
Dos Pilas
Dzibilchaltun
El Mirador
El Perú
Edzná
Gumarcaj ...
See also:Maya civilization, Maya civilization - Origins, Maya civilization - Political structures, Maya civilization - Art, Maya civilization - Architecture, Maya civilization - Urban design, Maya civilization - Building materials, Maya civilization - Building process, Maya civilization - Notable constructions, Maya civilization - Writing and literacy, Maya civilization - Writing system, Maya civilization - Writing tools, Maya civilization - Scribes, Maya civilization - Literacy, Maya civilization - Mathematics, Maya civilization - Religion, Maya civilization - Agriculture, Maya civilization - Decline of the Maya, Maya civilization - Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya, Maya civilization - List of Maya sites, Maya civilization - Most important sites, Maya civilization - Other important Maya sites, Maya civilization - Reference Read more here: » Maya civilization: Encyclopedia II - Maya civilization - List of Maya sites |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Maya civilization - Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya The Spanish American Colonies were largely cut off from the outside world, and the ruins of the great ancient cities were little known except to locals. In 1839 United States traveler and writer John Lloyd Stephens, hearing reports of lost ruins in the jungle, visited Copán, Palenque, and other sites with English architect and draftsman Frederick Catherwood. Their illustrated accounts of the ruins sparked strong interest in the region and the people, and they have o ...
See also:Maya civilization, Maya civilization - Origins, Maya civilization - Political structures, Maya civilization - Art, Maya civilization - Architecture, Maya civilization - Urban design, Maya civilization - Building materials, Maya civilization - Building process, Maya civilization - Notable constructions, Maya civilization - Writing and literacy, Maya civilization - Writing system, Maya civilization - Writing tools, Maya civilization - Scribes, Maya civilization - Literacy, Maya civilization - Mathematics, Maya civilization - Religion, Maya civilization - Agriculture, Maya civilization - Decline of the Maya, Maya civilization - Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya, Maya civilization - List of Maya sites, Maya civilization - Most important sites, Maya civilization - Other important Maya sites, Maya civilization - Reference Read more here: » Maya civilization: Encyclopedia II - Maya civilization - Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya |
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| | | | | 1000 BCE: Encyclopedia II - Maya civilization - Mathematics The Maya used a base 20 numbering system (see Maya numerals). Also, they (or their Olmec predecessors) independently developed the concept of zero by 357 AD (Europeans did not embrace zero until the 12th century). Inscriptions show them on occasion working with sums up to the hundreds of millions and dates so large it would take several lines just to represent it. They produced extremely accurate astronomical observations; their charts of the movements of the moon and planets are equal or superior to those of any other ...
See also:Maya civilization, Maya civilization - Origins, Maya civilization - Political structures, Maya civilization - Art, Maya civilization - Architecture, Maya civilization - Urban design, Maya civilization - Building materials, Maya civilization - Building process, Maya civilization - Notable constructions, Maya civilization - Writing and literacy, Maya civilization - Writing system, Maya civilization - Writing tools, Maya civilization - Scribes, Maya civilization - Literacy, Maya civilization - Mathematics, Maya civilization - Religion, Maya civilization - Agriculture, Maya civilization - Decline of the Maya, Maya civilization - Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya, Maya civilization - List of Maya sites, Maya civilization - Most important sites, Maya civilization - Other important Maya sites, Maya civilization - Reference Read more here: » Maya civilization: Encyclopedia II - Maya civilization - Mathematics |
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