The recent advances in Archaeogenetics have some interesting results for Indo-Aryan migration but are still in the early stages. Two recent comprehensive studies have show that there has been very little genetic contribution to the population of India.On the contrary,South Asia has made a bigger contribution to Central Asia. A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios Sanghamitra Sahoo , Anamika Singh , G. Himabindu , Jheelam Banerjee , T. Sitalaximi , Sonali Gaikwad , R. Trivedi , P ...

See also:

Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia, Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - Genetics and Archaeogenetics of the period before 1000 BCE, Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - mtDNA, Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome, Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - Genetics and Archaeogenetics of the period after 1000 BCE

Read more here: » Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia: Encyclopedia II - Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - Genetics and Archaeogenetics of the period before 1000 BCE

See also:

Woodland period in southeastern North America, Woodland period in southeastern North America - Early Woodland Period 1000 to 300 BCE, Woodland period in southeastern North America - Middle Woodland Period 300 BCE to 500 CE, Woodland period in southeastern North America - Late Woodland Period 500 to 1000 CE

Read more here: » Woodland period in southeastern North America: Encyclopedia II - Woodland period in southeastern North America - Middle Woodland Period 300 BCE to 500 CE

Some researchers (Kivisild et al. 2003b; Cordeaux et al. 2003) emphasize that the combined results from mtDNA, Y-chromosome and autosomal markers suggest that "Indian tribal and caste populations derive largely from the same genetic heritage of Pleistocene southern and western Asians and have received limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene" (Kivisild 2003b; Cordeaux et al. 2003). However, in 2004 paper Cordaux [5] argues independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages: “Thus, the quantitative comparison ...

See also:

Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia, Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - Genetics and Archaeogenetics of the period before 1000 BCE, Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - mtDNA, Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome, Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - Genetics and Archaeogenetics of the period after 1000 BCE

Read more here: » Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia: Encyclopedia II - Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome

The Andronovo culture is a cover term for a group of Bronze Age cultures of southern Siberia and Central Asia, ca. 2300–1000 BCE. It is probably better termed an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon. The name derives from the village of Andronovo (55°53′N 55°42′E), where in 1914, several graves were discovered, with skeletons in crouched positions, buried with richly decorated pottery. At least four sub-cultures have been since distinguished, during which the culture expands towards the south and the east:Including:

• Andronovo culture - Successors
• Andronovo culture - External link

Read more here: » Andronovo culture: Encyclopedia - Andronovo culture

Archaeological evidence shows the Maya had started to build ceremonial architecture by approximately 1000 BCE. There is some disagreement about the boundaries which differentiate the physical and cultural extent of the early Maya and their neighboring Pre-Classic Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Olmec culture of the Tabasco lowlands and the Mixe-Zoque– and Zapotec–speaking peoples of Chiapas and southern Oaxaca. Many of the earliest significant inscriptions and buildings appeared in thi ...

Including:

• Maya civilization - Origins
• Maya civilization - Art
• Maya civilization - Architecture
• Maya civilization - Urban design
• Maya civilization - Building materials
• Maya civilization - Building process
• Maya civilization - Notable constructions
• Maya civilization - Writing and literacy
• Maya civilization - Writing system
• Maya civilization - Writing tools
• Maya civilization - Scribes
• Maya civilization - Literacy
• Maya civilization - Mathematics
• Maya civilization - Religion
• Maya civilization - Agriculture
• Maya civilization - Decline of the Maya
• Maya civilization - Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya
• Maya civilization - List of Maya sites
• Maya civilization - Most important sites
• Maya civilization - Other important Maya sites
• Maya civilization - Reference

Read more here: » Maya civilization: Encyclopedia - Maya civilization

In addition to the figurines and other artifacts from the 1500 - 300 BCE era, human and animal remains have been found, some of which could be as much as 25,000 years old. Silvia González et al. have published research claiming that "one Tlapacoya skull is the first directly dated human in Mexico with an age of 9730 ± 65 years BP" (before present). If confirmed, this would be the 2nd oldest human remain found in the Americas, after the Buhl woman of Idaho. The most controversial findings in Tlapacoya are artifacts which have ...

See also:

Tlapacoya archaeology, Tlapacoya archaeology - Even more ancient remains?

Read more here: » Tlapacoya archaeology: Encyclopedia II - Tlapacoya archaeology - Even more ancient remains?

The Sintashta-Petrovka culture is succeeded by the Fedorovo (1400-1200 BCE) and Alekseyevka (1200-1000 BCE) cultures, still considered as part of the Andronovo horizon. In southern Siberia and Kazakhstan, the Andronovo culture was succeeded by the Karasuk culture (1500-800 BCE), which is sometimes asserted to be non-Indo-European, and at other times to be specifically proto-Iranian. On its western border, it is succeeded by the Srubna culture, which partly derives from the Abashevo culture. The earliest historical peoples associated w ...

See also:

Andronovo culture, Andronovo culture - Successors, Andronovo culture - External link

Read more here: » Andronovo culture: Encyclopedia II - Andronovo culture - Successors

Between 2000-1200 BCE, a branch of Indo-European-speaking tribes known as the Aryans or Indo-Iranians began migrating into the region. They appear to have split into Iranian, Nuristani, and Indo-Aryan groups at an early stage, possibly between 1500 and 1000 BCE in what is today Afghanistan or much earlier as eastern remnants of the Indo-Aryans drifted much further west as with the Mitanni. The Iranians and Nuristanis dominated the Iranian plateau, while the Indo-Aryans ultimately headed towards the Indian subcontinent, but probably not befor ...

See also:

Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan - Prehistory, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan - Ancient Afghanistan: From the Aryans to the Medes. 1500 BCE - 551 BCE, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan - Early Indo-Aryans prior to their move to India, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan - Achaemenid Rule and rise of Zoroastrianism ca. 550 BCE - 331 BCE, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan - Alexander the Great Seleucid-Mauryan rivalry and Greco-Bactrian Rule 330 BCE - ca. 150 BCE, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan - The Kushan Empire ca. 150 BCE - 300 CE, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan - Sassanian Rule ca. 300 - 650, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan - The Shahi Kings ca. 650 - 1013, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan - Archaeological remnants from Afghanistan's pre-Islamic period

Read more here: » Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan - Ancient Afghanistan: From the Aryans to the Medes. 1500 BCE - 551 BCE

Neolithic tools found in the Kathmandu Valley indicate that people have been living in the Himalayan region for at least 9,000 years. It appears that people who were probably of Tibeto-Burman ethnicity lived in Nepal 2,500 years ago. Indo-Iranian / Aryan tribes entered the valley around 1500 BCE. Around 1000 BCE, small kingdoms and confederations of clans arose in the region. One of the princes of the Sakya confederation was Siddharta Gautama (563–483 BCE), who renounced his royalty to lead an ascetic life and came to be known as the Bu ...

See also:

Nepal, Nepal - History, Nepal - Geography, Nepal - Economy, Nepal - Government and politics, Nepal - Military and foreign affairs, Nepal - Subdivisions, Nepal - Demographics, Nepal - Culture

Read more here: » Nepal: Encyclopedia II - Nepal - History

Little is known of the pre-Columbian history of Vermont. The western part of the state was originally home to a small population of Algonquian-speaking tribes, including the Mohican and Abenaki peoples. Between 8500 to 7000 BCE, glacial activity created the Champlain Sea, and Native Americans inhabited and hunted in Vermont. From 7000 to 1000 BCE was the Archaic Period. During the era Native Americans migrated year-round. From 1000 BCE to 1600 CE was the Woodland Period, when villages and trade networks were established, and ceramic and bow ...

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Vermont, Vermont - Geography, Vermont - History, Vermont - Law and government, Vermont - Politics, Vermont - State government, Vermont - Federal representation, Vermont - Culture, Vermont - Economy, Vermont - Demographics, Vermont - Population, Vermont - Race and Sex, Vermont - Rankings, Vermont - Ethnicity, Vermont - Religion, Vermont - Important cities and towns, Vermont - Education, Vermont - Crime, Vermont - State song and symbols, Vermont - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Vermont: Encyclopedia II - Vermont - History

Tales of mermaids are nearly universal. The first known mermaid stories appeared in Assyria, ca. 1000 BCE. Atargatis, the mother of Assyrian queen Semiramis, was a goddess who loved a mortal shepherd and in the process killed him. Ashamed, she jumped into a lake to take the form of a fish, but the waters would not conceal her divine nature. Thereafter, she took the form of a mermaid - human above the waist, fish below, though the earliest representations of Atargatis showed her as being a fish with a human head and legs, similar to the Babylonian Ea. The Greeks recognized Atargatis under the name Derketo, wh ...

See also:

Mermaid, Mermaid - Legend and myth, Mermaid - Fiction, Mermaid - Sirenomelia, Mermaid - Hoaxes, Mermaid - Heraldry

Read more here: » Mermaid: Encyclopedia II - Mermaid - Legend and myth

Tales of mermaids are nearly universal. The first known mermaid stories appeared in Assyria, ca. 1000 BCE. Atargatis, the mother of Assyrian queen Semiramis, was a goddess who loved a mortal shepherd and in the process killed him. Ashamed, she jumped into a lake to take the form of a fish, but the waters would not conceal her divine nature. Thereafter, she took the form of a mermaid - human above the waist, fish below, though the earliest representations of Atargatis showed her as being a fish with a human head and legs, similar to the Babylonian Ea. The Greeks recognized Atargatis under the name Derketo, wh ...

See also:

Mermaid, Mermaid - The Truth behind The Mermaid Myth?, Mermaid - Legend and myth, Mermaid - Fiction, Mermaid - Sirenomelia, Mermaid - Hoaxes, Mermaid - Heraldry

Read more here: » Mermaid: Encyclopedia II - Mermaid - Legend and myth

The Taíno came to the Caribbean islands by way of Guyana and Venezuela into Trinidad going North and west into the entire Antiles approximately 1000 BCE, following the migration of the Ciboney. The Taíno traded heavily with other non-Taíno tribes in Florida and Central America where the Taíno sometimes had outposts but did not put any permanent settlements. Another group from South America called the Caribs also followed the Taíno into the Antiles about 1000 ACE but did not create a foothold in the Greater Antilles and the nor ...

See also:

Taíno, Taíno - Origins, Taíno - Terminology, Taíno - Culture and Lifestyle, Taíno - Food and Agriculture, Taíno - Technology, Taíno - Religion, Taíno - Columbus and the Taíno, Taíno - Taino opposition, Taíno - Taíno Heritage in Modern Times

Read more here: » Taíno: Encyclopedia II - Taíno - Origins

During the ancient period, the area that today is northern Sudan was known as Nubia. Egyptians and people of the Mediterranean world also referred to it as Ethiopia (see History of Ethiopia). The area of the Nile valley that lies within present day Sudan was home to three Kushite kingdoms during antiquity: the first with its capital at Kerma (2400 – 1500 BCE), another that centered on Napata (1000 – 300 BCE) and, finally, that of Meroë (300 BCE – 300 CE). Each of these kingdoms was strongly culturally, economically, politically ...

See also:

History of Sudan, History of Sudan - Early history, History of Sudan - The coming of Islam, History of Sudan - 19th Century, History of Sudan - The Turkiyah, History of Sudan - Mahdism and condominium, History of Sudan - European Colonialism, History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War, History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era, History of Sudan - Arms suppliers, History of Sudan - Second Civil War, History of Sudan - Darfur, History of Sudan - Chadian-Sudanese War

Read more here: » History of Sudan: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - Early history

Relatively little is known about the Prophet Zoroaster and even the period he lived in is disputed. Usually he is placed roughly near 1000 BCE, though others give earlier estimates, while still others place him in the 6th century BCE, which would make him contemporary to the rise of the first Achaemenides. According to tradition, Zoroaster was the son of Pourushaspa' and Dugdhova, and was special since birth. Pliny the Elder relates that the prophet was born smiling. His head shook uncontrollably to the point where he wo ...

See also:

Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism - Principal beliefs, Zoroastrianism - Specific Zoroastrian concepts, Zoroastrianism - The Prophet, Zoroastrianism - Zoroaster's meditations, Zoroastrianism - Zoroaster's preaching, Zoroastrianism - Holy Book, Zoroastrianism - History, Zoroastrianism - Historical importance, Zoroastrianism - Principles of modern-day Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism - Adherents, Zoroastrianism - Famous Zoroastrians, Zoroastrianism - Notes

Read more here: » Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia II - Zoroastrianism - The Prophet

Traditionally the Psalms were thought to be the work of David, but many modern scholars see them as the product of several authors or groups of authors, many unknown. Most Psalms are prefixed with introductory words (very different in the Masoretic and Septuagint traditions) ascribing them to a particular author or saying something about the circumstances of their composition; only 73 of these introductions claim David as author. Since the Psalms were written down around the 6th century BCE, nearly half a millennium after David's reign (about 1000 BCE), they doubtless depended on ora ...

See also:

Psalms, Psalms - Composition of the Book of Psalms, Psalms - Authorship and ascriptions, Psalms - Sections of the book, Psalms - Use of the Psalms in Jewish ritual, Psalms - The Psalms in Christian worship, Psalms - Eastern Orthodox usage, Psalms - Roman Catholic usage, Psalms - Protestant usage, Psalms - Anglican usage

Read more here: » Psalms: Encyclopedia II - Psalms - Authorship and ascriptions

Central African Republic - Prehistory. Between about 1000 BCE and 1000 CE, Adamawa-Eastern-speaking peoples spread eastward from Cameroon to Sudan and settled in most of the territory of the CAR. During the same period, a much smaller number of Bantu-speaking immigrants settled in southwestern CAR and some Central Sudanic-speaking populations settled along the CAR's northern borderlands with Chad. The majority of the CAR's inhabitants thus speak Adamawa-Eastern languages or Bantu languages belonging to the Niger- ...

See also:

Central African Republic, Central African Republic - History, Central African Republic - Prehistory, Central African Republic - Exposure to the outside world, Central African Republic - French Colonialism, Central African Republic - Independence, Central African Republic - Politics, Central African Republic - Prefectures, Central African Republic - Geography, Central African Republic - Economy, Central African Republic - Demographics, Central African Republic - Culture, Central African Republic - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Central African Republic: Encyclopedia II - Central African Republic - History

It is believed that at the end of the Neolithic Period (around 4000 BCE), Achill had a population of 500-1000 people. The island would have been mostly forest until the Neolithic people began crop cultivation. Settlememt increased during the Iron Age, and the dispersal of small forts around the coast indicate the warlike nature of the times. Granuaile maintained a castle at Kildownet in the sixteenth century. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, there was much migration to Achill from other parts of Ireland, particularly Ulste ...

See also:

Achill Island, Achill Island - History, Achill Island - Sights, Achill Island - Economy, Achill Island - Architecture, Achill Island - Famous people

Read more here: » Achill Island: Encyclopedia II - Achill Island - History

The Phoenicians founded the city Malaka here, in about 1000 BCE. The name Malaka is probably derived from the Phoenician word for salt because fish was salted near the harbour; in other Semitic languages the word for salt is still Hebrew מלח mélaḥ or Arabic ملح milḥ. About seven centuries later, the Romans conquered the city along with the other Spanish areas of Carthago. From the 5th century CE it was under the rule of the Visigoths. In the 8th century, Spain was conquered by the Moors, a ...

See also:

Málaga, Málaga - Overview, Málaga - History, Málaga - Tourism, Málaga - Sights in Málaga, Málaga - See Also, Málaga - Sports

Read more here: » Málaga: Encyclopedia II - Málaga - History

Västergötland has been inhabited for several thousands of years. The province, Bohuslän, is among the internationally most known because of its pre-historical remains. The oldest remains in Sotenäs are from around 6000 BCE. From the younger Stone Age are several burial monuments (dolmens). From the Bronze Age and Iron Age are many rock carvings, which the province also otherwise is noted for (especially the northern municipality Tanum). The name Sotenäs is believed to have originated from around 1000 AD, when also the first steps from the historical hundred, Sotenäs Hund ...

See also:

Sotenäs Municipality, Sotenäs Municipality - Population figures, Sotenäs Municipality - History

Read more here: » Sotenäs Municipality: Encyclopedia II - Sotenäs Municipality - History