A Wisdom Archive on 1000 BCE

The recent advances in Archaeogenetics have some interesting results for Indo-Aryan migration but are still in the early stages. Two recent comprehensive studies have show that there has been very little genetic contribution to the population of India.On the contrary,South Asia has made a bigger contribution to Central Asia. A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios Sanghamitra Sahoo , Anamika Singh , G. Himabindu , Jheelam Banerjee , T. Sitalaximi , Sonali Gaikwad , R. Trivedi , P ...

Read more here: » Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia: Encyclopedia II - Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia - Genetics and Archaeogenetics of the period before 1000 BCE

Dharma (Sanskrit, roughly law or way) is the way of the higher Truths. Dharma forms the basis for philosophies, beliefs and practices originating in India. The oldest of these, widely known as Hinduism, is Sanatana Dharma or Eternal Dharma. Buddhism, Ayyavazhi, Jainism and Sikhism also retain the centrality of Dharma. In these traditions, beings that live in harmony with Dharma proceed more quickly towards moksha, nirvana, or personal liberation. Dharma also refers to the teachings and doctrines of t ... Including: Dharma - Meanings and origins of the word Dharma Dharma - Dharma in Hinduism Dharma - Proto-dharma: rta in the Vedas Dharma - Developing conceptions Dharma - Dharma as a Purushartha Dharma - Kane's view Dharma - In Jainism Dharma - The two Dharmas Dharma - In Buddhism Dharma - The teachings of the Buddha Dharma - Qualities of Buddha Dharma Dharma - Dharmas in Buddhist phenomenology Dharma - Dharma as righteousness

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The Hymns of Dirghatamas in the Rig Veda
Some scholars have claimed that the Babylonians invented the zodiac of 360 degrees around 700 BCE, perhaps even earlier. Many claim that India received the knowledge of the zodiac from Babylonia or even later from Greece. However, as old as the Rig Veda, the oldest Vedic text, there are clear references to a chakra or wheel of 360 spokes placed in the sky. The number 360 and its related numbers like 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 108, 432 and 720 occur commonly in Vedic symbolism. It is in the hymns of the great Rishi Dirghatamas (RV I.140 - 164) that we have the clearest such references.
 

Read more here: » Vedic Origins of the Zodiac: The Hymns of Dirghatamas in the Rig Veda

As the Woodland period progressed, local and interregional trade of exotic materials greatly increased to the point where a trade network covered most of the Eastern United States. Throughout the Southeast and north of the Ohio River, burial mounds of important persons were very elaborate and contained a variety of mortuary gifts, many of which were not local to the area. Because of the similarity of earthworks and burial goods, researchers assumed a common culture called the Hopewell c ...

Read more here: » Woodland period in southeastern North America: Encyclopedia II - Woodland period in southeastern North America - Middle Woodland Period 300 BCE to 500 CE

The Andronovo culture is a cover term for a group of Bronze Age cultures of southern Siberia and Central Asia, ca. 2300–1000 BCE. It is probably better termed an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon. The name derives from the village of Andronovo (55°53′N 55°42′E), where in 1914, several graves were discovered, with skeletons in crouched positions, buried with richly decorated pottery. At least four sub-cultures have been since distinguished, during which the culture expands towards the south and the east:Including:

• Andronovo culture - Successors
• Andronovo culture - External link

Read more here: » Andronovo culture: Encyclopedia - Andronovo culture

Aramaea is the land of the Aramaeans. In the Hebrew Bible, it is called "Aram-Naharaim", meaning "Aram (highland) of two rivers", to distinguish it from other Arams. Aramaea was located in central Syria, including where the city of Aleppo (aka Halab) now stands. The Aramaeans (speakers of Aramaic) began to settle in Syria and Mesopotamia in the late 12th century BCE. They never succeeded in unifying their city states into a single "kingdom of Aramaea." Two medium-sized Aramaean kingdoms, Aram-Damascus and Hamath, along w ...

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Archaeological evidence shows the Maya had started to build ceremonial architecture by approximately 1000 BCE. There is some disagreement about the boundaries which differentiate the physical and cultural extent of the early Maya and their neighboring Pre-Classic Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Olmec culture of the Tabasco lowlands and the Mixe-Zoque– and Zapotec–speaking peoples of Chiapas and southern Oaxaca. Many of the earliest significant inscriptions and buildings appeared in thi ... Including:

• Maya civilization - Origins
• Maya civilization - Art
• Maya civilization - Architecture
• Maya civilization - Urban design
• Maya civilization - Building materials
• Maya civilization - Building process
• Maya civilization - Notable constructions
• Maya civilization - Writing and literacy
• Maya civilization - Writing system
• Maya civilization - Writing tools
• Maya civilization - Scribes
• Maya civilization - Literacy
• Maya civilization - Mathematics
• Maya civilization - Religion
• Maya civilization - Agriculture
• Maya civilization - Decline of the Maya
• Maya civilization - Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya
• Maya civilization - List of Maya sites
• Maya civilization - Most important sites
• Maya civilization - Other important Maya sites
• Maya civilization - Reference

Read more here: » Maya civilization: Encyclopedia - Maya civilization